Animal Nutrition

Dr. Makhdoom
Abdul Jabbar
Executive Member Punjab Agri. Research Board,
Lahore
Mob. 0333-4568071
majabbar@uvas.edu.pk

i. Classification of feed
resources
Summer Fodders
i. Green Roughages ---- Fodders
Winter Fodders
Roughages
ii. Dry Roughages ---- Straws, Stalks Cobs

ii. Classification of Feeds

Protein sources ----Cakes and meals
Concentrate
Energy sources ---- Grains, Oil. Fats

iii. Classification of Feeds

Macro-minerals- Ca, P, Mg, Na, K

Minerals
Micro-minerals Zn, Fe, Co, Se, I etc.

Bacteria and Protozoa present in the

rumen

FODDERS:
1)

Summer Fodders

2)

Winter Fodders

3)

Dry Fodders

Composition of Summer Fodders

Production
/acre (Ton)

Dry matter
(%)

Protein
(%)

Maize

18-20

29.30

7.04

Sorghum

20-25

30.0

6.20

Sadabahar

50-60

27.59

6.98

Millet

20-22

29.50

6.08

Mott Grass

70-90

16.54

7.52

Guara

15-18

20.90

17.35

Type of fodder

Composition of Winter Fodders

Type of
fodder

Dry Matter
(%)

Protein
(%)

Yield
(Tons/acre)

Berseem

15.62

19.90

30-35

Lucerne

24.26

22.83

52-60

Rye grass

14.21

22.85

30-40

Oats

22.10

8.98

30-35

Composition of dry fodders

Type of fodder
Wheat straw
Rice straw
Maize stovers
Sorghum stovers
Millet stovers
Corn cobs
Berseem hay
Lucerne hay

Dry Matter (%) Protein (%)

92.75
2.59
92.82
3.06
82.50
5.45
80.50
3.74
85.00
4.00
90.50
1.66
85.60
18.46
87.50
18.86

Daily allowance

Fodder @ 10% of body weight ~ 40-60 kg

Ration ~ Half of milk production
More ration during summer season
Water should be available all the time
Mineral mixture @ 2% in the ration

Silage

Silage is a method of
preservation of fresh
fodder by which high
moisture fodder can be
stored for longer period
without any
deterioration.

Types of silos

Bag Silos

COMMON FEED INGREDIENTS

For
FEED FORMULATION

COMPOSITION OF COMMON FEED

INGREDIENTS
Name of feed ingredient

Protein
(%)

TDN
(%)

Est. Price (Rs.

Per Kg)

Cotton seed cake

Rape seed cake

23.04
37.10

63.4
79.8

10.00
9.00

Sunflower cake
Cotton seed meal
Soybean meal

30.47
39.59
44 - 48

69.8
79.8
84.0

8.00
12.00
18.00

Maize gluten feed 20%

Maize gluten feed 30%
Maize gluten feed 60%

21.85
30.70
64.70

79.1
83.6
94.6

5.25
5.50-6.0
16-18

Name of feed ingredient

Protein
(%)

TDN
(%)

Est. Price (Rs.

Per Kg)

Rice polishing
Wheat bran

12.36
14.99

89.9
71.0

6.50-7.0
6.70

Wheat grains
Maize grains
Sorghum

12.80
9.80
15.75

78.9
81.2
78.5

10.00
10.0-11.50
15.00

Millet
Oats
Oil
Grams (black)

10.55
10.21
00.00
20.35

77.2
77.2
195.0
75.2

15.00
12.00
50.00
20.00

Urea
Bone meal

287.50
20.05

57.7

10.00
11.50

MAIN PARTS OF A RATION

FORMULA
Vitamins
sources

Mineral
sources

Vitamins Salt, bone

A, D and E, meal, DCP
and
mineral
mixtures
etc.

Energy
sources

Protein
sources

Wheat bran Cotton seed cake

Maize bran Cotton seed meal
Rice bran
Rape seed cake
Rice
Rape seed meal
polishing,
Sunflower cake
grains,
Sunflower meal
molasses and
Maize glutens,
oils etc.
Urea etc.

DIFFERENT FORMULAE
FOR
DAIRY ANIMALS

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-1

Sr. No.

Feed Ingredients

Percentage

1
2

Cotton seed cake

Maize gluten 30%

15.0
20.0

3
4

Sunflower meal
Wheat bran

5.0
18.0

5
6

Rice polishing
Maize ground

15.0
10.0

7
8

Molasses
Mineral mixture

15.0
2.0

Total

100.0

Protein
TDN

(%)
(%)

=
=

17.6
75.3

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-2

(When cotton seed meal is not available)
Sr. No.

Feed Ingredients

Percentage

Soybean meal

13.0

Canola meal

9.0

Cotton seed cake

12.0

Wheat bran

28.0

Maize grain

20.0

Molasses

15.0

Mineral mixture

2.5

Urea

0.5

Total

100.0

Protein (%)
TDN (%)

=
=

16.90
73.66

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS3 (When molasses is not available)

Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6

Feed Ingredients
Rape seed cake
Cotton seed cake
Rice polishing
Wheat bran
Maize grain
Mineral mixture
Total

Protein (%)
TDN (%)

=
=

Percentage
15.0
15.0
20.0
28.0
20.0
2.0
100.0
16.17
73.43

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS4

( With Soybean )
Feed Ingredients

Percentage

Soybean meal
Sunflower meal
Wheat bran
Rice polishing
Grains

=
=
=
=
=

14
15
24
20
10

Molasses
Mineral mixture
Total

=
=
=

15
2.0
100.00

Protein
TDN

=
=

18.21%
77.81%

CALF FEEDING

Milk Replacer

Protein 20%

Mainly of Animal origin like Dry milk powder,

whey milk powder etc.
TDN 80%
Energy source also of animal origin e.g. fat,
lecithin etc.
This is usually imported

CALF STARTER RATION

Sr. No.
1

Feed Ingredients
Cotton seed meal/soybean meal

Percentage
30.0

2
3

Maize grains (ground)

Wheat bran

45.0
8.6

4
5

Rice polish
Molasses

5.0
10.0

6
7

Mineral mixture
Vitamins

1.0
0.1

Calcium carbonate
Total

0.3
100

Protein (%)
TDN (%)
Price per Kg

=
=
=

18.51
75.00
15.00

Mature low quality fodder

Urea molasses block

FEED SUPPLEMENTS
urea molasses blocks
Sr. No.
1

Feed Ingredients
Maize gluten 30%

Percentage
22.0

2
3

Urea
Rice polishing/wheat bran

2.0
20.0

4
5

Canola/Cotton seed meal

Bentonite

10.0
6.0

6
7

Calcium carbonate
Molasses

2.0
36.0

Mineral mixture
Total

2.0
100

Price per Kg

Rs. 7.75

MINERAL MIXTURE ?

MINERAL MIXTURE
Sr. No.

Feed Ingredients

Percentage

Di-calcium phosphate (DCP)

70.81 kg

Common salt

18.91 kg

Magnesium sulfate

8.64 kg

Ferrous sulfate

0.89 kg

Manganese sulfate

0.49 kg

Zinc sulfate

0.22 kg

Copper sulfate

0.03 kg

Potassium iodide

8.77 gm

Cobalt chloride

0.89 gm

10

Sodium selenate

1.50 gm

Total

100.0 kg

Price per Kg

Rs. 30.00

BALES OF
MIXED

COMPLETE
RATION

REDUCTION IN VOLUME DUE TO DENSIFICATION

Sr. No.
1

BALED RATION FOR DRY

ANIMALS
Feed Ingredients
Wheat straw

Percentage
50.0

2
3

Sunflower cake
Cotton seed meal

20.0
10.0

4
5

Urea
Molasses

1.0
18.0

Mineral mixture
Total

1.0
100.0

Crude protein (%)

TDN (%)
Price per kg (Rs.)
Daily feed required (Kg)
Daily feed cost (Rs.)

=
=
=
=
=

12.0
68.0
7.16
8.0
57.0

BALED RATION FOR LACTATING BUFFALOES

WITH 10.0 LIT. DAILY MILK
Sr. No.

Feed Ingredients

Percentage

Wheat straw

43.0

Rice polishing

10.0

Cotton seed meal

10.0

Canola meal

15.0

Maize ground

9.0

Molasses

10.0

Mineral mixture

2.0

Vitamins (A,D,E & K)

0.1

Total
Crude protein (%)
TDN (%)
Price per kg (Rs.)
Daily feed required (Kg)
Daily feed cost (Rs.)

100.0
=
=
=
=
=

12.0
68.0
8.80
12.5
110.0

BALED RATION FOR 15 lit PRODUCTION

Sr. No.

Feed Ingredients

Percentage

Wheat straw

26.0

Rice polishing

15.0

Cotton seed meal

08.0

Soybean meal

10.0

Canola meal

14.0

Maize ground

15.0

Molasses

9.9

Mineral mixture

2.0

Vitamins (A,D,E & K)

0.1

Total

100.0

Crude protein (%)

TDN (%)
Price per kg (Rs.)
Daily feed required (Kg)
Daily feed cost (Rs.)

15.0
=
=
=
=

70.0
9.58
14.0
135.0

Monensin

First discovered 1967

Extensively used in dairy and beef animals
Prevents coccidiosis, increases propionic acid
and prevents bloat
Yeast
Increases the efficiency of feed for milk and
meat production

Energy concentrates
Protected fat

Berga fat
Megalac (fat)

HEALTH IS WEALTH !

American Soybean Association

&
Nutrionists Association of
Pakistan