Presentation

SCA
DA
on
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION

For Power System

Management

SUBMITTED BY:AKSHTA
KAUSHAL

INTRODUCTION OF SCADA

To collect, process and display the information

about the monitored system is known as Data
Acquisition System (DAS).

To supervise and control the Data Acquisition

System is termed as Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.

SCADA is a type of Industrial Control System

(ICS) that is used to monitor and remotely control
critical industrial processes.

PURPOSE OF SCADA

The primary purpose of SCADA

is :
To monitor
To control
Alarming Functions
Data Presentation
Data Acquisition

BASIC SCADA FUNCTIONS

Collects data from monitored system and other sources.

Processes the data.

Stores the data.

Issues control commands.

Handles communications with the field devices.

Other
sites

Host
SCADA

Field devices
lications
Other app

SCADAMOM

sc74.cvs

SYSTEM CONCEPT OF SCADA

It is a kind of software application program used for the

process control and gather real time from remote locations
for exercising this control on equipment and conditions.

SUB SYSTEMS OF SCADA

HMI

RTUs

PLCs

Communication Infrastructure

A Human Machine Interface or HMI is

the apparatus which presents process data
graphically to a human operator, and
through this, the human operator monitors
and controls the process.
The operator can see a schematic
representation
of
the
plant
being
controlled.
Programmable Logic Controllers
(PLCs).
PLCs are computer-based solid-state
devices
that
control
industrial
equipment and processes. While PLCs
are control system components used
throughout SCADA and DCS systems,
they are often the primary components
in
smaller
control
system
configurations.
PLCs
are
used
extensively in almost all industrial
processes.
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
used as field devices because they are
more economical, versatile, flexible, and

 Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) are basically nodes of distributed SCADA based
systems used in remote locations. connecting to sensors in the process, converting
sensor signals to digital data and sending digital data to the supervisory system
An RTU monitors the field digital and analog parameters and transmits data to the
Central Monitoring Station. It contains setup software to connect data input streams
to data output streams, define communication protocols, and troubleshoot
installation problems.
An RTU may consist of one complex circuit card consisting of various sections needed
to do a custom fitted function or may consist of many circuit cards including CPU or
processing with communications interface(s), and one or more of the following: (AI)
analog input, (DI) digital input, (DO/CO) digital or control (relay) output, or (AO)
output card(s).
analog
Amicroprocessor-controlled
electronic device that interfaces objects in the physical
world to a distributed control systemorSCADA(supervisory control and data
acquisition) system by transmittingtelemetrydata to a master system, and by
using messages from the master supervisory system to control connected objects.

 Power supply sources

The preferred power supply for SCADA systems is the direct current
(DC) station battery system. DC Station battery systems can be
inherently more reliable than alternating current (AC) uninterruptible
power supply (UPS) systems.
Database (A structured set of data held in a computer, esp. one
that is accessible in various ways)

Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the

Remote
Terminal units.

Electric power generation,

transmission
and
distribution: Electric utilities
detect current flow and line
voltage,
to
monitor
the
operation of circuit breakers,
and to take sections of the
power grid online or offline.

Buildings, facilities and

environments:
Facility
managers use SCADA to
control HVAC, refrigeration
units, lighting and entry
systems.

Manufacturing:
manage
parts
inventories for just-intime
manufacturing,
regulate
industrial
automation and robots,
and monitor process and
quality control.
Water and sewage: State
and municipal water utilities
use SCADA to monitor and
regulate water flow, reservoir
levels, pipe pressure and
other factors.

APPLICATIONS
OF
SCADA

SCADA
IN
INDIAN POWER SYSTEM
There are 5 Grids in Indian Power System:

Northern Grid

Western Grid

North-Eastern Grid

Eastern Grid

Southern Grid

Northern Grid, Western Grid, Eastern Grid and North-Eastern Grid are
synchronized and connected with common frequency named as NEW
Grid.

NORTHERN GRID
The constituents of Northern Grid are:
1.

CHANDIGARH

2.

DELHI

3.

HARYANA

4.

HIMACHAL PRADESH

5.

JAMMU & KASHMIR

6.

PUNJAB

7.

RAJASTHAN

8.

UTTARANCHAL

GENERAL ARCHITECTURE
RSCC

SLDC
BBMB
(CHANDI
GARH)

SLDC
DTL
(DELHI)

SUB
LDC
(4)

SUB
LDC
(4)

RTUs

RTUs

SLDC
HPSEB
(SHIMLA
)

SLDC
HVPNL
(PANIPAT
)

SLDC
J&K
(GLADNI

RTUs

CPCC

SLDC
PSEB
(PATIALA
)

SLDC
RVPNL
(HEERAP
U-RA)

SLDC
UPCL
(UTTARA
N-CHAL)

SLDC
UPPCL
(LUCKNO
W)

SUB
LDC
(2)

SUB
LDC
(2)

SUB
LDC
(1)

SUB
LDC
(2)

SUB
LDC
(3)

SUB
LDC
(5)

SUB
LDC
(5)

RTUs

RTUs

RTUs

RTUs

RTUs

RTUs

RTUs

FLOW DIAGRAM OF DATA

NRLDC

New Delhi

Sub-LDC

Kota

Microwave link
Sub-LDC
Bhilwara

Microwave link

VIDEO

Microwave link

Sub-LDC
Ratangarh

OFC Link

Multiplexer
at SLDC
Heerapura

PROJECTION
SYSTEM
(VPS)

Analog Data
Transducers
P

Remote
Terminal
Unit

Modem

L
C
C

Transmission
Line

P
L
C
C

DATA
Servers

Modem

CFE

ICCP
Servers
Digital
Data

HUB

HIM
Servers

Operator
Consoles
CFE: Communication Front End
HIM server: Historical Information Management Server
ICCP server: Inter Control Centre Protocol Server

Sub-LDC & SLDC Heerapura

TERMS

SCADA/EMS SERVER:

Disturbance Data Collection

Real Time NETWORK/GENERATION

Study NETWORK/GENERATION

ICCP SERVER:

Support intersite exchanges with the SLDCs and the CPCC/SUBLDC.

ISR SERVER:

Real Time Data Snap Shot

Historical Information Recording

Historical Information Retrieval

Report Generation

DEVELOPMENT SERVER:

Software Development

Database Generation

Display Development

HIM SERVER:

DTS SERVER:
Power System Model
Hydro System Model
Control Centre Model
Instructor Functions
NETWORK MANAGEMENT CONSOLE:

Monitors and Manages the Hardware Equipment

connected to the LAN
VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEM:
Display Wall Composed EIGHT 84 Modular
Components.
Each Component Equipped with BARCO
RETROBLOCK DATA 2100 LCD Projector

ULDC SCHEME
Unified Load Despatch and Communication Scheme (ULDC) is a scheme responsible for
Modernization of Load Despatch with dedicated communication facilities of Central and State
Power Utilities in entire Northern Region.
The purpose of the scheme is Real Time Data Monitoring in a block of 15 minutes and control of
major generating Stations & Grid Sub-Stations .
ULDC SCADA/EMS ARCHITECTURE
Control Hierarchy

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

RTUs Installed:
(1)314 (Areva S900)
(2) 59(Sinaut)

Sub Load Despatch Centre (SUB-LDC) :

Spread across all the States in NR-23 in all.

State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) : One in each State.

BBMB, DTL, J&K PDD,HVPN, HPSEB, PSEB, RVPN, UPCL, UPPCL

Central Project Control Centre (CPCC): One

SUB- LDC
FUNCTIONS:

Responsible for switching of equipments at GSS,

voltage and Active/Reactive Power Control within their
area as per directions of SLDC.

Runs Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

(SCADA) software for monitoring the demand & supply
of electrical network under its jurisdiction.

Communicates with the higher level control center and

RTUs for exchange of data and control commands.

REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE (RLDC)

The Regional Load Despatch Centre Shall be the apex body to ensure integrated
operation of the power system in the concerned region.
FUNCTIONS:
Responsible for optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity within the Region.
Monitoring Grid Operations.
Keeping accounts of quantity of electricity transmitted through the Regional Grid.
Exercise supervision & Control over the Inter-State Transmission System
Responsible for carrying out Real time operations for Grid Control and despatch of
electricity within the Region through secure and economic operation of the Regional
Grid.
Communicates with higher level and lower level control centres
.

STATE LOAD DESPATCH CENTRE

(SLDC)
The State Load Despatch Centre Shall be the apex body to ensure
integrated operation of the power system in a State.
FUNCTIONS:

Responsible for optimum scheduling and despatch of electricity

within a State.

Monitoring and Controlling the parameters of Electrical Network of

the State.

Keeping accounts of quantity of electricity transmitted through State

Grid.

Exercise supervision & Control over the Intra-State Transmission

System

TYPICAL SUB-LDC CONFIGURATION

To the concerned SLDC

Dual Processor
Desktop Console

Dual WAN Routers

Dual LAN
Communication
Front End

To RTUs

Peripheral
Equipment

TYPICAL SLDC CONFIGURATION

SCADA/EMS
SERVERS

Communication
Front End

To
RTUs

ISR
ISR SERVER
SERVERS

Operator
Console

Network
Management
Console

ICCP
SERVERS

WAN
Routers

To RLDC & Sub-LDCs

Development
Console

Peripheral
Equipments

Remote
VDUs

TYPICAL RLDC CONFIGURATION

SCADA/EMS
SERVERS

ISR
SERVERS

Communication
Front End

To
RTUs

ICCP
SERVERS

Operator
Consoles

DTS
SERVER

WAN
Routers

To SLDC & CPCC

Development
Server

Scheduling
Console

Remote
VDUs

Network
Management
Console

Peripheral
Equipments

LOAD MANAGEMENT
The Load Management of Northern Grid is done by Northern
Regional Load Despatch Centre (NRLDC), New Delhi
whereas Rajasthan Power System is operated by State Load
Despatch Centre (SLDC), Heerapura, Jaipur.
NRLDC is a an apex body, responsible for smooth operation of NR
grid whereas State Load Despatch Centre, Heerapura is an apex
body, responsible for smooth operation of Rajasthan Grid under
overall control of NRLDC.

Typical Power Flow Chart of NRLDC Power Supply

System with Special Example of Rajasthan
CENTRAL
GEN. STATION

SLDC
CHANDIGARH

SLDC
HP

SLDC
HARYANA

SLDC
J&K

28
%

SH
AR
E

3252.35 MW

STATE OWNED
GEN. STATION

AJMER
DISCOM

14372 MW

RLDC
e.g. NRLDC

SLDC
DELHI

SLDC
RAJAST
HAN
4790.40 MW

SH
AR
E

SLDC
PUNJAB

SLDC
UP

SLDC
UTTTANCHAL

SHA
RE 4
0%
32
%

JODHPUR
DISCOM

JAIPUR
DISCOM

Typical Case of Rajasthan Power Flow system

Typical Power Flow Chart of SLDC Power Supply

System with Special Example of Rajasthan

SLDC
RAJASTHAN
(14372 MW)

3252.35 MW

SH
AR
E

77

92

.6
45

%
40

28
%

27

33

32
SHARE

94
7.
9

2796.67 MW

E
AR
SH

RVUN
RVUN
PROJECTS
PROJECTS

.3
7
5
4

W
5M
M
W

STATE
OWNED
GEN.
STATION

.0
0M
W

MW

CENTRAL
CENTRAL SECTOR
SECTOR
ALLOCATION
ALLOCATION

PRIVATE
PRIVATE SECTOR
SECTOR GEN.
GEN. STATION
STATION

SHARED
SHARED
PROJECTS
PROJECTS
AVVNL
AVVNL
AJMER
AJMER

JVVNL
JdVVNL
JODHP
JODHPUR
UR

JVVNL
JVVNL
JAIPUR
JAIPUR

NONNONCONVENTIONAL
CONVENTIONAL
GEN.STATION
GEN.STATION
(Wind,Biomass &&
(Wind,Biomass
Solar)
Solar)

Typical Case of Rajasthan Power Supply System

RVPNL
STATE LOAD
DESPATCH CENTRE
HEERAPURA
And
Sub-LDC HPR

Sub-LDC
RATANGARH

Sub-LDC
KOTA

Sub-LDC
BHILWARA

Present Sub-LDC Structure

Sub-LDC
HEERAPURA
1.ALWAR
2.AKAL 400
3.BARMER
4.BHARATPUR
5.BHIWARI
6.CHHABRA GEN
7.CHOMU
8.DAUSA
9.DHOLPUR
10.HEERAPURA
11.HEERAPURA 400
12.HINDAUN
13.HINDAUN 400
14.GNAGAR
15.JAWAHARSAGAR
16.JHUNJHUNU
17.JODHPUR 400
18.KHETRI
19.KOTA SAKATPURA
20.KOTPUTLI
21.KTPS
22.KUKAS
23.MORAK
24.PHULERA
25.RAJGARH
26.RJWEST
27.REENGUS

Sub-LDC
BHILWARA
1.AJMER
2.BALI
3.BILARA
4.BALOTRA
5.BANSWARA
6.BEAWAR
7.BHILWARA
8.BHILWARA400
9.AMARSAGAR
10.BHINMAL
11.CHITTORGARH
12.JAISALMER
13.DEBARI
14.DHORIMANIA
15.JALORE
16.JODHPUR
17.KANKROLI
18.NIMBAHERA
19.PALI
20.PINDWARA
21.MAHI-1
22.SIROHI
23.MAHI-II
24.MERTA 400
25.PHALODI
26.RAMGARH
27.RAS

Sub-LDC
RATANGARH
1.BIKANER
2.BASR TPS
3.CHURU
4.FATEHPUR
5.HANUMANGARH
6.NAGAUR
7.RAJGARH-II
8.RATANGARH
9.RATANGARH 400
10.SRIGANGANAGAR
11.SUJANGARH
12.SURATGARH
13.SURATGARH TPS
14.BIKANER 400
15.DEEDWANA 400
16.VSLP

Sub-LDC
KOTA
1.DAYRA
2.JHALAWAR
3.SAWAIMADHOPUR
4.BARAN
5.KAWAI
6.RAWATBHATA
7.KATPP

Sub-LDC HEERAPURA

Sub-LDC BHILWARA

Sub-LDC RATANGARH

Sub-LDC KOTA

29.SANGANER
30.SIKAR
31.AJEETGAH
32.ALWAR-MIA
33.BAGRU
34. BHOPALGARH
35.CHANDGHOTI
36.CHIRAWA
37.DCCPP
38.DUNI
39.GOVINDGARH
40.GULABPURA
41.KGBAS
42.KHARCHII
43.KHUSHKHERA
44.KISHANGARH
45.KMCTY
46.MAKRANA
47.MARKHI
48.NEEMRANA
49.OSIAN
50.RENWAL
51.SANCHOR
52.SEZ-I
53.SOYLA
54.VKIA
55.BORANDA
56.DEOGARH
57.GOTAN
58.MALPURA
59.MANDALGARH
60.MANDAWAR
61.SRI DUNGARGARH
62.MANSAROVAR
63.LALSOT

Drawl of power from Cental Sector Power Stations

RRVPNL draws its allocation of power from Central Sector Power Stations through
following tie lines/Inter Connecting Transformers (ICTs) of PGCIL and radials.
Tie
i lines:i
400 KV Bassi-Heerapura I & II.
400 KV Kankroli (PG)- Jodhpur,
400 KV Kota (PG)- Merta 1 &2
220 KV Kota (PG)- KTPS 1&2
220 KV Agra-Bharatpur.
220 KV Alwar-Badarpur MIA
220 KV Bassi-Bagru
and
Gandhi
Nagar JJagatpura
B
d IIndra
d G
dhi N
220 KV Dadri-Khetri I & II.
220 KV Hissar Chirawa
220 KV RAPP B- Chittor 1 &2 , Debari and Kota (S)
220 KV Anta- Bhilwara 1&2, Sawaimadhopur, Kota, Dausa
220 KV Kankroli (PG)- Kankroli 1&2, Bhilwara, Debari, KTPS 1 &2
220 KV Badod-Kota and Morak
Inter
Transformers
(ICT) off PGCIL
PGCIL.
I t Connecting
C
ti T
f
(ICT)
At 400 KV GSS Bassi.
At 400 KV GSS Bhiwadi.
Radials
132 KV Hissar Rajgarh, Hanumangarh

ADVANTAGES OF SCADA
Real Time & Historical Trend :
If a batch fails or plant trips, you can simply go to
historical trend data & do the analysis. You can
have better look on the parameters through the
trend.
Improvement of system reliability and reduction
of undelivered energy.
Easily programmed or reprogrammed.
Saving in operating costs.
Capital investment savings
Reduction of personnel costs
Easy maintained (self diagnostic).
Capability to do arithmetic function.
The ability to communicate with other controller

DISADVANTAGES OF SCADA

Complex System
(Integrated System)

No authentication (Unencrypted
Communication)

No security patching

Multiple access points

Dependent on industries driven

by profit, not security

FUTURE TRENDS OF SCADA

The SCADA systems are a vital part of modern
power networks and are enabling the
development of Smart Grids, the highly
automated energy systems of the future.
Smart grids will need to handle large
quantities of renewable power from both large
and small-scale generators.

THANK YOU.