Presented

by:
Humod M. Al-Shammari
Kemal Muhammet Akkaya
Maintenance Superintendent
PC, Phenolics & Amines Plants
CS & Inst. Department

Sr. Instrument Engineer

Support Engineering Group
CS & Inst. Department

OUTLINE
Introduction
What is instrumentation
Instrument symbols & Types of
instruments
Why instrumentation required
Control Loops Instruments
Valves and Actuators
Process Control & Measurement
Codes And Standards
Control System Instruments at SK
Field Instruments at SK
Conclusion

What is instrument
An electrical or pneumatic device
placed in the field to provide
measurement and/or control
capabilities for the system

Instrument symbols
Process line
Pneumatic line
Capillary tube
Hydraulic line
Electrical signal

Valve symbol

Valve opens on loss of signal

Valve with automatic control

Valve closes on loss of signal

H
Valve with automatic and hand control

Valve holds position on loss of signal

H
Valve with hand control only

Control action

FE
136

FI
146

Field mounted

FE
136

LC
100

Panel mounted in
control room

Non-panel mounted in
control room

FE
89
FI
176

Orifice plate

Venturi or nozzle

Variable area

Increase Safety,
Increase Security,
Decrease unexpected Shut-down,
Increase Production Cycle time.
Increase Product Quality,
Increase Plant Productivity,
Increase Operation Reliability,
Decrease Operation Cost,
Achieve monitoring and controlling of the process,
Improve Environmental issues,
Increase Equipment life,
Decrease Stress of workers.

Motion
Buoyancy, back pressure
Expansion,
Difference, Comparison
Reflection
Electric and Magnetic Field,
Electro-Magnetic Wave
Sound Wave
Radyoactive radiation
Molecular weight,
Resistance, capacitance
Chemistry, Physics

Control

Valves Solenoid Valves, Manual

Valves,,
Heaters,
Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Mechanic Systems,
Electric-Electronic Systems.

 Field Control Instruments,

DCS,
PLC,
Operators

Sensors
Converters
Transmitters

 Instrument Air
mV
mA
Pulse
Electro-Magnetic Wave

 Cables : Cupper, Fiber-Optic, Special

Cables
Tubes : Cupper, Plastic, Stainless Steel

SENSORS:
Flow:
Orifice Plate
Flow Nozul
Pitot Tube
Pressure:
Capsule
Bourdon Tube
Bellow
Level:
Float
Plate
Capsule
Radar
Ultrasonic
Magnetic
Radioactive
Temperature
Thermocouple
Pt-100
Gas Filled
Liquid Filled

Analytic
Electrode

Transmitters
Converters
Switches

Controller
Indicator
Recorder
Totaliser

Control Valves
Globe
Butterfly
Ball
On/Off Valves

Column, Exchangers ,Tanks, Drums,

Pumps, Fans, Turbines, Compressors,
Reactors, Furnaces, Incinerators, Burners,
Cooling Towers, Dosing Units,
Separators, Decanters, Screens, Cyclone,
Packaging Units, Storage and Transferring Units,
Dams, Channels, Pipelines,
Filters, Dryers,
Safety & Security Systems,
Shut-Down Systems,
Power Distrubutted Systems
Satellites,
Guns, etc..

VALVE PLUGS ACCORDING TO FLOW CHRACTERISTICS

For blow down and

vent services

For feed streams

services

For Compressor surge

controls

VALVE FLOW CHRACTERISTICS

VALVES FOR SAUDI KAYAN

Control Valves : Fisher
On / Off Valves : VCF, Bettis
Press. Reducing Valves :
Fisher, Bettis
Motor Opr. Valves :
Positioner : Fisher
( Intelligent )

Press. Instruments FOR

SAUDI KAYAN
Transmitters : Yokogawa,
Emerson
Switches : Dresser
Gauges : Wika
Transmitters :
Intelligent Type

Temperature Measurement
THERMOCOUPLE

EXTENSION WIRE

MATERIAL

ISA

MATERIAL

COLOR OF INSULATION

+VE

-VE

SYM

+VE

-VE

+VE

-VE

OVERALL

Copper

Constantan

Copper

Constantan

Blue

Red

Blue

Iron

Constantan

Iron

Constantan

White

Red

Black

Chromel

Alumel

Chromel

Alumel

Yellow

Red

Yellow

Chromel

Constantan

Chromel

Constantan

Purple

Red

Purple

THERMOCOUPLE

THERMOCOUPLE EXTENSION WIRE

REFERENCE JUNCTION 0C

TYPE

ISA SYM

TYPE

ISA

JUNCTION TEMP
TEMP. LIMIT C

ERROR
C

Copper Constantan

Copper Constantan

TX

-60 to +100

Iron Constantan

Iron Constantan

JX

0 to 200

2.2

Chromel-Alumel

Chromel Alumel

KX

0 to 200

2.2

Chromel Constantan

Chromel Constantan

EX

0 to 1000

1.7

E
70
60

50

Millivolts

K
N

40
30
20

10

400

800

1200

1600

S
B

2000

Temperature (C)

2400

RTDs
Most popular is the Platinum construction Pt

100 (100 0.1 at 0C)

Pt 100 has wide range of -270C to 650C
Electrical resistance increases with temp
Glass
coating

Bifilar-wound
platinum coil

Lead wires

Ceramic rod

Temp. Instruments FOR

SAUDI KAYAN
Thermocouple :
Gauges : Rueger

Flow. Instruments FOR

SAUDI
KAYAN
Orifice Plates : Okazaki, Rosemount
Pitot Tube : Meriam
Rotameter :Brooks
Transmitters
: Yokogawa
Magnetic Flowmeter
: Endress +
Hauser
Mass Flowmeter : Micro Motion
( Emerson )
Vortex Flowmeter : Yokogawa

Level Measurements
Sight glass

Reed switch
enclosure

Magnet
Float

Float switch

Displacement system for large tanks

Servo torque
Cable
drum

Rotary
encoder

Displacer
Tank

Ultrasonic measurement

Transducer

Reflected sonic
wave
Transmitted
sonic wave

Material surface

Nuclear radiation
Point
source
Max liquid level
Strip
detector

Min liquid level

Level Instruments FOR

SAUDI
KAYAN
Level Gauge : Magnetrol

Displacer Type Level Transmitter :

Magnetrol
Radar Type Level Transmitter :
Endress
+ Hauser
dP Transmitters
: Yokogawa,
Emerson

Dampener

Adjustable Overload
Protection Device

Condensers

Isolated Valves

Indicators

Manifolds

Air Filter Regulators

Air Filters
Booster Relay
Reversing Relays
Trip Relays
Limit Switches
Solenoid Valves
Quick Exhaust Valves
Restriction Valves

CODES,
STANDARDS
AND
SPECIFICATIONS
The following
codes and
standards
for instrument systems
1.

International Electrical Commission (IEC)

2.

National Electrical Code (NEC)

3.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

4.

American National Standard Institute, Inc. (ANSI)

5.

Instrument Society of America (ISA)

6.

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)

International Standards Organization (ISO)

8. American Petroleum Institute (API)
7.

1.

API RP550: Installation of Refinery Instruments And Controls Systems

10. API Standard 670:Vibration, Axial-Position and Bearing Temperature

Monitoring systems

Control Systems at SK
1. DCS (Yokogawa CS 3000)
2. PESS ( Triconex ) IPS
3. F&GDS ( IPS )
4. MMS ( Bentley Nevada )
5. Other Packages PLCs ( SEMENS,

Allen-Bradley)

Thank you
Q&A