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FUNCTION OF
ORGANELLES
IN THIS TOPIC
Movement of
molecules/substances in and
out of the cell
CELL WALL
Components :
middle lamella
primary wall
secondary wall
Plasmodesmata
Land plants :
Cellulose
Lignin
Suberin
Waxy
Waterproof (some tissue)
Functions :
Cell shape
Support and mechanical strength
Prevent haemolysis
skin
Carbohydrate store
CELL MEMBRANE
Selective permeable
Composed of :
Proteins
Glycoprotein
Glycolipids
Phospholipid
Cholesterol and lipoprotein (a few)
bilayer
Phospholipid
Hydrophilic head (polar)
Hydrophobic tail (non-polar)
Embedded
protein
Embedded between layer
Integral protein
Peripheral protein (not embedded)
Free movement within layer
As carrier and channel protein
Cholesterol
Make
Fluid
protein
Mosaic
the
ORGANELLES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Centrioles
Vesicles
Nucleus
Nucleus
Components of nucleus
nuclear envelope
nucleoplasm
nucleolus
chromatin
Nuclear envelope
bilayer
facing
nucleoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
dark spot
in the middle of the nucleus
produce ribosomes
Functions :
Store genetics material and information
Site of cell division
Produce RNA & DNA
Endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth ER
Functions
ROUGH ER
SMOOTH
ER
With ribosome
Without ribosome
Golgi body
Mitochondria
ATP-producing
powerhouses
(aerobic
respiration)
Membranes
form two
distinct
compartments
ATP-making
machinery
embedded in
inner
mitochondrial
membrane
repeated foldings
of inner membrane
(cristae)
outer
compartment
inner
compartment
outer membrane
inner membrane
Lysosomes
a vesicle
with enzymes
digest biological macromolecules
ER to Golgi body
Autophagy
Autolysis
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis
Centrioles
vesicles
a sac
In cytoplasm
Types ;
Lysosome
Peroxisome
Shuttle vesicles
Secretory vesicles
Endocytosis vesicles
Storage vesicles
Take 5
MOVEMENT OF
MOLECULES/SUBSTANCES
IN AND OUT OF THE CELL
Concentration gradient ;
Passive transport
Active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Types ;
Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Diffusion
Molecular size
Smaller molecules, faster diffusion
Temperature
Higher temperature, faster diffusion
Surface area
Higher surface area, faster diffusion
Simple Diffusion
Polar molecules
(ex. Glucose, water)
small, nonpolar
molecules
ions
(ex. H+, Na+, K+)
LIPID-SOLUBLE
LIPID-SOLUBLE
WATER-SOLUBLE
Facilitated diffusion
Carrier protein
Channel protein
[ concn] of
glucose outside
cell > inside
glucose transporter
solute (glucose)
low
Glucose
binds
Protein change
shape
Osmosis
Water movement
across a partially permeable
membrane
from an area of high
water potential (low solute
concentration) to an area of low
water potential (high solute
concentration)
Hypotonic
Solution
Hypertonic
Solution
membrane permeable to
water but not to solutes
Tonicity
2% sucrose
solution
distilled water
10%
sucrose
solution
2%
sucrose
solution
Hypotonic
Conditions
Hypertonic
Conditions
Isotonic
Conditions
Isotonic solution
Hypotonic solution
H2O
H2O
H2O
Hypertonic solution
H2O
Animal
cell
(2) Lysed
(1) Normal
H2O
H2O
(3) Shriveled
Plasma
membrane
H2O
H2O
Plant
cell
(4) Flaccid
(5) Turgid
(6) Shriveled
(plasmolyzed)
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Transport of molecule
require ATP
higher calcium
concentration
Shape
returns o its
resting
position
Calcium
pump
Pi
Shape
change Ca
release
ADP
ATP
transfer a
phosphate
group
ATP
Calcium
enter
tunnel
ENDOCYTOSIS
Transport of macromolecules
Two types;
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
amoeba
edible
bacterium
phagocytic
vesicle
Phagocytosis
EXOCYTOSIS
Transport of molecules
Out of a cell
Enclosed in vesicle
Move to cell surface membrane
Fuse
release
Sekian
&
terima kasih