Prepared By; Mr.

Mihir Patel,
Assistant Professor,
Joitiba College of Nursing,Bhandu.

Definition
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused
by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis. It usually involves the lungs but
it also occurs in
the larynx,kidneys,bones and adrenal glands,
lymph nodes and
meninges and can be disseminated
throughout the body.

Etiology
Agent factors
Mycobacterium tuberculi
Source Of Infection
Human Being
Bovine Source

Host Factors
Age: tuberculosis Can Affect In All Ages.
Sex:More Common In Males.
Hereditary : It Is Not A Hereditary Disease.
Nutrition :Malnutrition Is Widely Believed To Be
Predisposing
Factor .
Immunity: Man Has No Inherited Immunity
Against T.B.

Cont.
Social Factors
It includes non-medical factors such as
Poor quality of life
Poor housing
Over crowding
Population Explosion
Malnutrition
Lack of education
Large families
Early marriages
Lack of awareness of illness

Mode Of Transmission and Risk Factors

Airborne Droplet infection
Coughing generate large number of
droplet at all sites.
Immunocompromised status
e.g. HIV POSITIVE person
Substance abuse
e.g: alcoholism
Any person without adequate health care .
Immigration from countries with high
prevalence of T.B.

Pathophysiology
Etiological factors
Bacteria enter and multiply in alveoli
Bodies immune system respond to inflammatory reaction
Phagocytes engulf many bacteria and destroy the bacili also
the normal tissue
Dead bacilli and live masses are surrounded by macrophages
which form protective wall around it
Solidifies
To form Ghons tubercle
If process not arrested ,it spreads in the lung
TB

Clinical Manifestation
Fatigue,Malaise,anorexia,weight loss, low
grade fever, and night sweats.
White and frothy
sputum,Dyspnea,Hemoptysis,Pleuritic
Pain.

Diagnostic Evaluation
History collection
Physical examination
Tuberculin Skin Test:
Montoux Test
Result: wheal more than 10 mm
in
Diameter -positive for TB
Less than 6 mm- negative
for T.B
Between 6-9mm- doubtful
for TB
Sputum Examination :
Sputum examination
Sputum culture and sensitivity
X-ray

Preventive Management
BCG Vaccination
Using Face Mask
Avoid Visiting Overcrowded Area
Avoid Occupational Exposure
Proper Nutrition
Proper Awareness About The Disease.

Medical Management
ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUGS-

FIRST LINE
DRUGS

Isoniazide
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin

SECOND LINE
AMIKACIN
DRUGS
AMINOSALICYCLIC
ACID
CAPREOMYCIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLOFAZIMINE
CYCLOSERINE
ETHIONAMIDE
LEVOFLOXACIN
RIFABUTIN
RIFAPENTINE

NURSING MANAGEMENT
Hospitalization
Isolation And Prevention Of Droplet
Infection
Bed Rest
Antibiotics
I.V.Fluids And Nutrition
Sputum Disinfection
Steam Inhalation
Nebulisation
Chest Physiotherapy And Coughing
Exercise
Care Of Sputum Cups
Patient Education

Thank You