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ALKALINITY IN
CLARIFIER
INTRODUCTION TO CLARIFICATION
Clarification is a process applied to surface
water for removal of suspended solids, fine
solids (which appear as turbidity and color)
and other colloidal material. Clarification is
carried out in an equipment called clarifier,
so purpose of clarifier is,
Removal of turbidity.
Hardness reduction.
Organic matter reduction.
Clarification involves coagulation,
flocculation and sedimentation
What is clarifier?
Clarifiers (sedimentation basins) provide a quiescent, low velocity (typically
<0.5 ft/sec) area where the solid/floc mixture can settle from solution. A
variety of designs are in use square, rectangular and round. Many are fitted
with proprietary modifications to improve settling performance. Detention
time in a clarifier is typically between 30 and 45 minutes.
Characteristics common to all will be:
A means to introduce the flocculated water uniformly to the clarifier
A means to collect and discharge accumulated solids
A means to collect clear effluent and transport to the filtration step
A means to ensure complete treatment and minimize or prevent short
circuiting
What is alkalinity?
An expression of the total basic anions (hydroxyl groups) present in a solution
.It also represents, particularly in water analysis, the bicarbonate, carbonate,
and occasionally, the borate, silicate and phosphate salts, which will react with
water to produce the hydroxyl groups.
Alkalinity is the capacity of water to neutralize acids.
P AND M ALKALINITY:
P-value is the measure of hydroxyl and carbonate alkalinity while M-value is the
measure of total alkalinity. Phenolphthalein indicator enables the measurement
of alkalinity contributed by hydroxide ions and half of carbonate ions. Any
indicator responding in pH range 4~5 can be used to measure the total (M)
alkalinity. P-value and M-value determinations are useful for calculations of
chemical dosage required in the treatment of natural water supplies.
THE END