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atomic
diameter
+7
The Plum
pudding
model of
the atom
Atomic structure
Describe a model of the atom that features a
small nucleus surrounded by electrons.
Rutherford proposed that alpha particles would
travel more or less straight through the atom
without deflection if Thomsons Plum pudding
model was correct:
FYI
Instead of observing minimal scattering as in
the plum pudding, Rutherford observed the
scattering as shown on the next slide:
scintillation screen
nucleus
The Ruther
ford Model
The atom
Actual Results
FYI
IBO requires you to qualitatively understand the
Geiger-Marsden scattering experiment.
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
/ 10-10 m
An emission spectrum is an elemental fingerprint.
light
source
light
source
compare
cool
gas
X
hot
gas
X
absorption
spectrum
emission
spectrum
Same fingerprint!
In the late
1800s a Swedish
physicist by
the name of
J.J. Balmer
observed the
spectrum of
hydrogen - the
simplest of all
the elements:
200
Lyman
Series
(UV)
400
600
Balmer
Series
(Visible)
800
1000
1200
1400
Paschen
Series
(IR)
1600
1800
2000
/ 10-10 m
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
Ground
State n = 1
[ SUNBURN ]
-13.6 eV
n=1
[ SUNBURN ]
-13.6 eV
0.00 eV
-0.544 eV
-0.850 eV
-1.51 eV
-3.40 eV
-13.6 eV
0.00 eV
-0.544 eV
-0.850 eV
-1.51 eV
-3.40 eV
-13.6 eV
Lyman
0.00 eV
-0.544 eV
-0.850 eV
-1.51 eV
-3.40 eV
-13.6 eV
0.00 eV
-0.544 eV
-0.850 eV
-1.51 eV
-3.40 eV
-13.6 eV
n=1
0.00 eV
-0.544 eV
-0.850 eV
-1.51 eV
-3.40 eV
-13.6 eV
Lyman
E = (6.6310-34)(6.911014)
E = 4.5810-19 J.
E = (4.5810-19 J)(1 eV/ 4.5810-19 J)
E = 2.86 eV.
0.00 eV
-0.544 eV
-0.850 eV
-1.51 eV
-3.40 eV
-13.6 eV
nucleon relationship
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
CHEMISTRY
Mass Number = A
H
H
Protons = Z
1
1
hydrogen
hydrogen-1
2
1
N = Neutrons
deuterium
hydrogen-2
3
1
tritium
hydrogen-3
FYI
Since A = Z + N, we need not show N.
And Z can be found on any periodic table.
ELECTROMAGNETIC
WEAK
ELECTRO-WEAK
GRAVITY
+
+
nuclear
force
STRONGEST
Range:
Extremely Short
light, heat
and charge
radioactivity
freefall
Range:
Short
WEAKEST
Range:
Range:
Force Carrier:
Force Carrier:
Force Carrier:
Gluon
Photon
Graviton