Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Dr A.Aziz Djamal
MSc.DTM&H.SpMK(K)
Pathogens ?
Patho
Non pathogens
Any
What is a Pathogen?
Applied
Viruses
Ebola
Considered
Two
Non-Cellular
Parts:
A Capsid:
protein coat
A Nucleic Acid: DNA or RNA
Function:
HIV
Non-cellular
Relatively
simple structure.
No Ribosome- No Synthetic ability.
No-energy yielding mechanism.
Absolutely depend on its cellular host.
Absolutely parasitic.
Biologic activity could be traced
Intracellular.
Extracellular non living creature ( particle )
Virus Examples
HIV: Human
Immunodeficiency Virus
Targets T-Cells
(Immune Cells)
Influenza
Rhinovirus
Small
Pox
Polio
Ebola,
Marburg, Hantavirus
Herpes (different simplexes)
Bacteria
Escherichia coli
Most
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacteria is a cell
Can
live autonome.
Contain necessary cellular appendages.
Protein synthesis.
Complex energy yielding mechanism.
Intra and Extracellular.
Really Infection- Invasive.
Skin.
A small number is pathogen.
Some are opportunistic.
Contain target site for antibiotic
destruction point.
Relatively contain reserved stable genome
fragment.
Bacteria Examples
Cocci:
Staphylococcus (Staph),
Streptococcus (Strep Throat)
Bacilli: Escherichia coli (E. coli; 0157:H7),
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax), Clostridium
botulinum (Botulism Toxin Producer)
Spirilla: Campylobacter jejuni (causes
diarrhea esp. in children), Helicobacter
pylori (causes peptic ulcers)
FUNGI
MultiCellular-
Mold.
Unicellular- Yeast.
Mostly opportunistic.
Superficial Fungi.
Dermatophyta
Deep/Systemic Mycoses.
Eukaryotic Cell
Multicellular Fungi
Structure : Hypha/ Mycelium.
Spora/ Microsporangium
Ex. Dermatophyta
Aspergillus
Dermatophyta
Keratolytic
Aspergillus
Hyphae.
Vesicle
Pedicle
Sporangium
Easily
Yeast
Candida
Reproduction
: Budding
Inflammation- due to extracllular product.
Opportunistic.
Ex. C. Albicans
Deep Mycoses
Mostly
Lung infection.
Ex. Histoplasma capsulatum.
Blastomycoses brasiliensis.
etc.
Inhalasi inflamasi lung destruction.
Dimorphic form.
Pathogenetic
Destructive
Extracelluler product.
Toxin : Afla toxin - Hepatotoxic
Triggering Hypersensitivity.
Slightly Immunopathologis.
Dimorphism.
Reproduction
Mostly Asexual
: Hyphae.
Spora.
Sexual ( a few species )
Fungi
Decomposers
Protozoa
Protozoa
Many
have insect
vectors
Giardia
Flatworms
Flatworms
(liver fluke)
Schistosoma
Roundworms
Roundworms
Round worm
Ascaris
lumbricoides .
Necator americanus Ankylostoma
duodenale.
Strongyloides stercoralis.
Trichinella spiralis.
Trichuris trichiura.
Disease Transmission
Direct
hands
Touching open wounds or sores
Sexual contact body fluids
Disease Transmission
Indirect
Contact:
Objects
Disease Transmission
Portals of Entry
Respiratory Tract
Opportunistic Pathogens
MDR TB
Prevention/Treatment Options
Antibiotics
Attack
Vaccinations
Prepare
HIV
Blood-born
pathogen
Transmitted via:
Sexual
Contact
Used Hypodermic Needles
Early Blood Transfusions (pre-testing)
Uses
Social Implications
HIV
in Sub-Saharan Africa:
22.5