Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. Development of embryology
2. Germ cell and fertilization
3. Blastocyst and implantation
4. Formation of the germ layer
5. Differentiation of trilaminar germ and
formation of embryo
6. Fetal membrane and placenta
7. Twins and multiple birth
Animal
Plant
Human
Development of embryology
Aristotle, B.C 384-322
Semen+menstration
Harvey, 1651:
All life from oocyte
Malpighi, 1675:
A micro-chicken in an egg
Leewenhoek, 1677 :
A micro-human in a sperm
Haeckel, 1868
Biogenetic law
Spemann, 1869-1941
Experimental embryology
Wilmut,1997
Dolly
2. Ovum
secondary oocyte arrested at metaphase in the second meiotic division
Process of fertilization
Sperm bind to sperm receptor ZP-3 induce
Acrosome reaction release of acrosomal enzyme
Penetration and
release of acrosomal
nucleus acrosome enzyme
Cell
membrane
of ovum
ovum
fertilized ovum
sperm
Fusion of pronuclei
Process of fertilization
Fusion of the
membrane of
sperm and ovum
The nucleus
Formation of
pronuclei
of sperm
penetrate into
ovum
Alteration of ovum
Fusion of
pronuclei
24 h
2.Condition of fertilization
Normal ovum
Normal sperm
sufficient numbers
Certain time
12-24h
Free reproductive tract
3.Significance of fertilization
A new life
Diploid
inheritance and aberrance
Sex determination
Formation of blastocyst
and implantation
Cleavage and formation of blastocyst
1. Cleavage early division of fertilized egg
2. Blastomere daughter cells from cleavage
3. Morula 12 to 16- cell stage, enclosed in the zona pellucida,
like morus
4. Blastocyst about 100 blastmeres
blastocoele inner cell mass and trophoblast
polar trophoblast
Phase of cleavage
Fertilized
egg
2-cell
stage
18~36h
4-cell
stage
36~48h
8-cell
stage
48~60h
Morula
12 to 16-cell
stage
The third day
Appearance
Inner structure
Implantation (imbed)
The process by which the blastocyst settles
into endometrium.
6th day to 11th day
Fundus and body of uterus
Cytotrophoblast
Polar trophoblast
Endometrium
2.Decidua
endometrium implantation decidua
decidual response
Decidua basalis under the implantation site
Decidua capsularis between the implantation
site and the uterine lumen
Decidua parietalis remaining endometrium
Decidua
(7th day)
Epiblast
Columnar cells
Hypoblast
Cuboidal cells
Bilaminar
germ disc
Epiblast
Hypoblast
Hypoblast
Epiblast
Amniotic cavity
Syncytiotrophoblast
Syncytiotrophoblast
Epiblast
Hypoblast
Primary
yolk sac
Cytotrophoblast
Amniotic
cavity
Amnion
Amniotic
cavity
Primary
yolk sac
Cytotrophoblast
Extraembryonic
mesoderm
Syncytiotrophoblast
Extraembryonic cavity
Extraembryonic
mesoderm
Parietal layer
Body stalk
Secondary
yolk sac
Extraembryonic
cavity
3rd week
3rd week
Primitive
streak
Hypoblast
Epiblast
Primitive streak
Hypoblast
Epiblast
Significance of
primitive streak
Primitive node
Determine
Primitive pit
Primitive
groove
Primitive
streak
the
direction of the
embryo
notochord
Formation of endoderm
Epiblast
Primitive
streak
Endoderm
Hypoblast
Formation of mesoderm
Epiblast
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
proliferation
Epiblast
Head
Primitive pit process
Notochordal
tube
Neurenteric
canal
Significance of notochord ?
Notochord
No mesoderm
Buccopharyngeal
membrane
Cloacal
membrane
Neural groove
Paraxial mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm
Neural groove
Paraxial mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm
Neural groove
Neural crest
Notocord
1 Differentiation of ectoderm
2.Differentiation of mesoderm
Paraxial mesoderm somite
17th day
at 20th day, from the head
Somite
Dermatome
Sclerotome
Parietal mesoderm
Intraembryonic
coelomic cavit
Visceral mesoderm
3. Differentiation of endoderm
Epithelium of primitive gut
epithelium of digestive tract, digestive gland,
respiratory tract and lung
Primitive pharynx 5 pairs of pharyngeal pouch
Parietal mesoderm
Intraembryonic coelomic cavity
Visceral mesoderm
a small
human
Chorion
Amnion
Yolk sac
Allantois
Umbilical cord
Amnion
Yolk sac
Umbilical
cord
Placenta
1.Chorion
Secondary stem villus +chorinic plate
Stem villus
Free villus
Anchoring villus
Cytotrophoblastic column
Cytotrophoblastic shell
Evolvement of chorion
Chorion laeve adjacent to decidua capsularis
Chorion frondosum adjacent to decidua basalis
6th weeks
Chorion laeve
Chorion frondosum
Abnormility of chorion
Hydatidiform
Picture
Chorion carcinoma
Hydatidiform
Hydatidiform
Hydatidiform
Chorion carcinoma
Chorion carcinoma
Chorion carcinoma
3. Amnion
amniotic membrane: 0.2-0.5mm
amniotic epithelium + extraembryonic mesoderm
protection
4. Allantois degeneration
Abnormality:
Urachal fistula
5. Umbilical cord 50 cm
(CT, umbilical vein umbilical artery,
degenerated yolk sac and allantois)
covered with amniotic membrane
Abnormality: 80 cm,
35 cm
connect fetus with placenta
Fetal membrane
Placenta
1.Placenta: Chorion frondosum + Decidua basalis
disk: 15-20cm
Sandwich: chorinic plate (fetus)
villi
basal plate (mother)
basal plate: decidua + cytotrophoblastic shell
placental septa cotyledon (incomplete)
Umbilical vein
Umbilical artery
Decidua bsalis
Placenta septa
Uterus vein
Spiral artery
2.Placental membrane
Structure between the blood of mother and fetus
Syncytiotrophoblast
Cytotrophoblast and its basal lamina
Connective tissue
Endothelium and its basal lamina
protection
Fetal membrane
Syncytiotrophoblast
Cytotrophoblast
Blood of
mother
Nutriment
Metabolic product
Basal lamina
Connective tissue
Basal lamina
Endothelium
3.Function
Substance exchange
O2, nutriment,
CO2, waste
Hormone
Human chorionic gonadotropin, HCG;
Human placental lactogen, HPL;
Human placental progesterone, HPP,
Human placental estrogen, HPE
Placenta
Function
Substance exchange
Capillary of fetus
Blood of mother
Nutriment
water salt others
Metabolic waste
Placenta
Placenta
Function
Barrier
Capillary of fetus
Blood of mother
s
Most of
microorganism
No
way
Placenta barrier
Placenta
Function
Barrier
Capillary of fetus
Blood of mother
Most of drugs
Most of
microorganism
Some of
microorganism
Placenta barrier
Placenta
Function
Endocrine
Hormone
HCG
HCS
Function
Corpus luteum
Pregnancy
Mammary
gland
Appearance
3rd week
Fastigium
8th week
2nd month
8th month
HPE
Corpus luteum
4th month
8th month
HPP
Corpus luteum
4th month
8th month
2.Multiple
birth
Dizygotic twins
Blastocyst
2 Amnion
2 Chorion
2 Placenta
Blastocyst
2 Amnion
2 Chorion
2 Placenta
Monozygotic twins
separation of blastomere, of ICM,
Blastocyst
2 ICM
2 Amnion
2 Chorion
2 Placenta
2 Amnion
1 Chorion
1 Placenta
of primitive streak
2 primitive streak
1 Amnion
1 Chorion
1 Placenta