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Ethical Theory
Defines terms in uniform ways and link
ideas and problems together in consistent
ways (Harries)
Is a comprehensive perspective on morality
that clarifies, organizes, and guides moral
reflection.
Provides a framework for making moral
choices and resolving moral dilemmas
Way
Ethical Theory
Why multiple theories?
Enriches
Ethical Theory
Utillitarianism- seeks to produce the most
utility taking into account the consequences
for everyone affected
Duty Ethics- contends that there are duties
that should be performed. (e.g. not to injure
others, etc.) regardless of whether these
acts lead to the most good.
Right Ethics- emphasizes that we all have
moral rights, any action that violates theses
rights is ethically unacceptable. The ultimate
overall good of the action is not taken into
account. It says we ought to respect human
rights.
Ethical Theory
Virtue ethics- regards actions as right that
manifest good character traits and regards
action as bad that display bad character
traits. It focuses on the type of person we
should strive to be. Good character is
central of morality.
Self realization ethics - emphasizes the
moral significance of self-fulfillment. How
self is conceived? The self to be realized is
understood in terms of caring relationships
and communities.
Utillitarianism
It holds that those actions are good that
serve to maximize human well-being.
Not on maximizing the well being of the
individual, but rather maximizing the wellbeing of society as a whole. A collective
approach.
E.g. building a DAM
Utillitarianism
Utilitarianism seems a straightforward
way to interpret the central principle in
most engineering codes Engineers shall
hold paramount the safety, health and
welfare of the public in the performance of
their professional duties
What
Utillitarianism
Utilitarianism and Cost-benefit Analysis
Cost Benefit analysis
Good
Utillitarianism Types
Act- Utillitarianism:- A particular action is
right if it is likely to produce the most good
for the most people in a given situation,
compared to alternative choices that
might be made.
Rule Utillitarianism:- right actions are
those required by rules that produce the
most good for the most people.
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