Subpart Z - Toxic & Hazardous

Substances (1910.1000 - 1450)

FY2006
Hazard Communication - Written program

Standard: 1910.

Hazard Communication - Information & training

Hazard Communication - Training initially & for new hazards

Hazard Communication - Material Safety Data Sheets

Hazard Communication - Label identification

Objectives
Hazard Communication
Program
Labels and other forms of
warnings
Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS)
Information and training
Health Hazards

Purpose
The purpose of the
standard is to make sure
that the hazards of
chemicals are evaluated
That information concerning
their hazards is
communicated to employers
and employees

Who is covered
OSHAs Hazard Communication
(HazCom) standard applies to general
industry, shipyard, marine terminals,
longshoring, and construction employment
and covers chemical manufacturers,
importers, employers, and employees
exposed to chemical hazards.
Horizontal

Background
The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) is
based on a simple concept--that employees
have both a need and a right to know the
hazards and identities of the chemicals they are
exposed to when working

Need Plant
Specific

Background
They also need to know what protective
measures are available to prevent adverse
effects from occurring
The HCS is designed to provide employees
with the information they need
MSDS

Employer RequirementsWritten Program

Employers must develop a written program that
covers at least:
Labels and other forms of warnings
Material Safety Data Sheets
Employee Information and Training

Employer RequirementsWritten Program

Employers must develop a written program that covers at

least:
A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present at the
facility along with MSDSs for each chemical
The methods the employer
inform employees
routine tasks
The hazards of chemicals
pipes

will use to
of the hazards nonin unlabeled

Multi-Employer Workplaces
If employees of other employers could be
exposed to hazardous chemicals the program
must include:
Methods to provide contractor employees with onsite access to MSDS for each chemical those
workers may be exposed to
The methods used to inform other employers of any
precautionary measures to be taken for normal and
emergency situations
The employers chemical labeling system

Consumer Products Exemption

Any consumer product as defined in the

Consumer Product Safety Act where the
employer can show that:

It is used in the workplace for the purpose intended

The use results in a duration and frequency of
exposure which is not greater than the range of
exposures that could reasonably be experienced by
consumers when used for the purpose intended

Written Program Availability

The employer must make the written program available,
upon request, to:
Employees and their designated representatives

Where work is carried out at more than one location, the

program may be kept at the main location

Labels, Tags and Markings

The employer must ensure that each container of

hazardous chemicals in the workplace is labeled,
tagged or marked with the following:
Identity of the hazardous chemical
Appropriate hazard warnings

This above labeling information is required of the

manufacturer so the employer must ensure that the
original labels from the manufacturer are on all
containers and remain legible

Labels NFPA Diamond

RED
RED

Flammability
-- Flammability

BLUE
BLUE

Health
-- Health

YELLOW -- Reactivity
Reactivity
YELLOW
WHITE -- Special
Special
WHITE

{NFPA National Fire Protection Association}

Labels - Health Hazard

What the numbers show
0 = No hazard
1 = Slight hazard
2 = Dangerous
3 = Extreme danger
4 = Deadly

Labels Flammability
What the numbers show

0=
1=
2=
3=
4=

Will not burn

Ignites above 200 degrees F
Ignites below 200 degrees F
Ignites below 100 degrees F
Ignites below 73 degrees F

Based on Flash Point {the temperature at which a material gives off enough
vapors to sustain ignition}

Labels - Reactivity

What the numbers show

0 = Stable
1 = Normally Stable
2 = Unstable
3 = Explosive
4 = May detonate

Labels - Special Hazard

What the letters show

OX = Oxidizer
ACID = Acid
ALK = Alkali
COR = Corrosive
W = Use No Water
= Radioactive

Labels - HMIS
Protective Equipment
A=
B=
C=

safety glasses
safety glasses + gloves
safety glasses + gloves
+ synthetic apron
D-Z = etc.......

{HMIS Hazard Material Information System}

Blue
Red
Yellow
White

Container Labeling Exemption

for Portable Containers

The employer is not required to label portable

containers into which hazardous chemicals are
transferred from labeled containers, and which
are intended only for the immediate use by
the employee who performs the transfer

The employer need not

affix new labels to comply
with the standard if
existing labels already covey
the required information

New Hazard Information

Manufacturers, importers,
distributors and employers who
become newly aware of
significant information
regarding chemical hazards
shall:
Revise the labels for the
chemical within three months
Revise the MSDS for the
chemical within three months

MSDS kept in other forms

MSDS may be kept in any form including
operating procedures
It may be more appropriate to address the
hazards of a process rather than individual
hazardous chemicals

Employee Information and

Training

Employers must provide employees information

and training on hazardous chemicals in their
work area:
At the time of their initial assignment
Whenever a new physical or health hazard the

employees have not previously been trained about

is introduced into their work area

Training may cover categories of hazards

Employee Information
Employers must inform employees:
Of the training requirements of this section
(1910.1200 (h) Employee information and training.);
Any operations in their work area where hazardous
chemicals are present;
The location and availability of the written hazard
communication program

Employee Training
Employee training shall include at least:
The means to detect the presence or release of a
hazardous chemical in the work area
The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the
work area
Measures employees can take to protect
themselves
Details of the employers specific program

Chemical Exposure
Severity & Duration
Acute effects usually occur rapidly as a result
of short-term exposures, and are of short
duration
Chronic effects generally occur as a result of
long-term exposure, and are of long duration

Corrosive
Visible destruction, or irreversible damage to
body tissue
Acids
Caustics (or bases)

Acids

pH Scale
7

Caustics
(or bases)

14

Routes of Exposure
Inhalation - most common
Skin absorption
Ingestion
Injection

Health Hazards
Toxicity vs. hazard - toxicity is used to
describe the ability of the substance to
cause a harmful effect. Everything is
toxic at some dose.

Health Hazards
Toxicity vs. Dose - There is a balance
between toxicity and dose. Dose is the
amount of something the individual is
exposed to or comes in contact with. The
lower the toxicity, the greater the dose that
can be tolerated without ill effects. The
greater the toxicity, the lower the dose that
can be tolerated without ill effects.

Chemical Exposure Limits

Time Weighted Average (TWA) based
on an 8 hour day.
Ceiling Limits based on maximum
exposure.
Exposure Limits are established for all
chemicals.

Health Hazards
Major Types
Corrosives - cause tissue damage and burns on

contact with skin or eyes

Primary Irritants - cause intense redness or
swelling of skin or eyes on contact. No
permanent tissue damage
Sensitizers - cause an allergic skin or lung
reaction
Acutely Toxic Materials - cause an adverse
effect even at very low doses
Carcinogens - may cause cancer
Teratogens - may cause birth defects
Organ Specific hazards - damage to specific
organ systems such as liver or lungs

Health Hazards
Training and communication - knowing how to
work safely with chemicals that pose a hazard - i.e.
bulletins, MSDS, etc.. THE RIGHT TO KNOW

Environmental monitoring - Industrial Hygiene

air sampling

Personal monitoring - check yourself and coworkers for symptoms - i.e. skin rashes, eye or throat
irritation, strong odors

Chemicals Used During Sanitation

Detergents
Disinfectants
Sterilants

General Characteristics of
Detergents
ALCOHOLS (Isopropyl or Ethyl Alcohol)
Wide germicidal activity, non corrosive, but poses a fire hazard.
Limited residual activity due to evaporation.
Alcohols provide limited activity in the presence of organic matter.
Not considered effective against bacterial or fungal spores.
Excellent for disinfecting instruments or other small objects.
Too expensive for general use in the hatchery.
Must use as a 70-95% concentration for effectiveness.
HALOGENS (Iodines or hypochlorites)
Provide wide germicidal activity but are corrosive.
Limited activity when in the presence of organic matter.
Poor residual activity, low toxicity, but may stain surfaces.
Not effective as sporocidal agents.
Effective at low concentrations for disinfecting clean, small objects.
Low cost but requires frequent applications.

General Characteristics of
Detergents
QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
Limited germicidal range.
Not sporocidal, effective against vegetative bacteria, fungi and viruses.
Reduced efficiency in the presence of organic matter.
Limited effectiveness in soaps, detergents and hard water salts.
Non-irritating, non-corrosive and low toxicity.
Residual activity is limited by the amount of recontamination.
Good disinfectant for use on cleaned surfaces.
Low cost.
PHENOLICS (Single or Multiple)
Wide germicidal range, not sporocidal.
Low toxicity and low corrosiveness.
Very effective in the presence of organic matter.
Good residual activity and deodorizer.
Low to moderate cost.

General Characteristics of
Detergents
COAL TAR DISTILLATES ( Cresol and Cresylic Acid)
Wide germicidal activity, not sporocidal.
Corrosive and toxic at high concentrations.
Excellent residual activity with heavy odor.
Highly efficient in presence of organic matter.
Not well suited for use near eggs or chicks due to noxious gases.
Moderately expensive.
ALDEHYDES (Glutaraldehyde)
Wide germicidal activity, sporocidal and fungicidal.
Slight to moderate efficiency in presence of organic matter.
Slight residual activity.
Moderately toxic.
Moderate cost.

General Characteristics of
Detergents
OXIDIZING AGENTS (Hydrogen peroxide, Potassium Permanganate)
Moderate to wide germicidal activity, not sporocidal.
Rendered ineffective in the presence of organic matter.
Moderately corrosive, limited toxicity.
Poor to limited residual activity.
More valuable as a cleansing and deodorizing agent.
Moderate cost.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

are one of the most important tools
available to employers
for providing information, and protection
to workers from hazardous chemicals
which are used in the workplace.

1910.1200 (g)(2) MSDS,

required information
Identity of the chemical
Physical and chemical
characteristics
Physical hazards
Chemical hazards

Whether the hazardous

chemical is listed in the
National Toxicology Program
(NTP) Annual Report on
Carcinogens

Primary routes of entry

precautions for safe handling

and use

PELs or other exposure limits

Date of preparation

Control measures

Name, address and telephone

of the manufacturer

Emergency procedures

Material Safety Data Sheet

U.S. Department of Labor

May be used to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard,

(Non-Mandatory Form)

29 CFR 1910.1200. Standard must be consulted for specific requirements.

Form Approved
OMB No. 1218-0072
IDENTITY (As Used on Label and List)
Note: Blank spaces are not permitted. If
any item is not applicable, or no information is available, the space must be marked to
indicate that.
Section I
Manufacturer's Name

Emergency Telephone Number

Address (Number, Street, City, State, and ZIP Code)

Information
Date Prepared
Signature of Preparer (optional)

Telephone Number for

Section II - Hazard Ingredients/Identity Information

Hazardous Components (Specific Chemical Identity;
Common Name(s))

OSHA PEL

Limits
Recommended%(optional)

ACGIH TLV Other

Section III - Physical/Chemical Characteristics

Boiling Point

Specific Gravity (H2O = 1)

Vapor Pressure (mm Hg.)

Melting Point

Vapor Density (AIR = 1)

(Butyl Acetate = 1)

Evaporation Rate

Solubility in Water
Appearance and Odor

Section IV - Fire and Explosion Hazard Data

Flash Point (Method Used)
UEL

Flammable Limits

Extinguishing Media
Special Fire Fighting Procedures

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards

LEL

Section V - Reactivity Data

Stability

Unstable

Conditions to Avoid

Stable
Incompatibility (Materials to Avoid)
Hazardous Decomposition or Byproducts
Hazardous
Polymerization

May Occur

Will Not Occur

Conditions to Avoid

Section VI - Health Hazard Data

Route(s) of Entry:

Inhalation?

Skin? Ingestion?

Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic)

Carcinogenicity:
Regulated?

NTP? IARC Monographs? OSHA

Signs and Symptoms of Exposure

Medical Conditions
Generally Aggravated by Exposure
Emergency and First Aid Procedures

Section VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use

Steps to Be Taken in Case Material is Released or Spilled
Waste Disposal Method
Precautions to Be taken in Handling and Storing
Other Precautions

Section VIII - Control Measures

Respiratory Protection (Specify Type)
Ventilation

Local Exhaust Special

Mechanical (General) Other

Protective Gloves

Eye Protection

Other Protective Clothing or Equipment

Work/Hygienic Practices

Identify hazardous chemicals

in the workplace.
Compile a complete list of the potentially
hazardous chemicals in the workplace
Determine if you have received material
safety data sheets for all of them
If any are missing, contact your supplier
and request one
You should not allow employees to use
any chemicals for which you have not
received an MSDS

Health Hazard Controls

Product substitution
Ventilation
PPE

OSHAs Checklist
Are employees trained in the safe handling practices of hazardous chemicals such as acids, caustics, ammonia etc?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Is employee exposure to chemicals kept within acceptable levels?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are eye wash fountains and safety showers provided in areas where corrosive chemicals are handled?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are all containers, such as vats, and storage tanks labeled as to their contents and with appropriate hazard warnings?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are flammable or toxic chemicals kept in closed containers when not in use?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are chemical piping systems clearly marked as to their content?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Have standard operating procedures been established, and are they being followed when cleaning up chemical spills?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are employees prohibited from eating in areas where hazardous chemicals are present?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:

OSHAs Checklist
If hazardous substances are used in the processes, is there a medical or biological monitoring system in
operation?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are the employer and employees aware of the Threshold Limit Values or Permissible Exposure Limits of
airborne contaminants and physical agents used in your workplace?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Have control procedures been instituted for hazardous materials, where appropriate, such as respirators,
ventilation systems, and handling practices?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Whenever possible, are hazardous substances handled in properly designed and exhausted booths or
similar locations?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Do you use general dilution or local exhaust ventilation systems to control dusts (feathers and feces),
vapors, gases, fumes, smoke, solvents or mists which may be generated in your workplace?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Do employees complain about dizziness, headaches, nausea, irritation, or other factors of discomfort when
they are exposed to dusts (feathers and feces), vapors, gases, fumes, smoke, solvents or mists?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:

OSHAs Checklist
Is there a dermatitis problem?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Do employees complain about dryness, irritation, or sensitization of the skin?
[ ]Always
[ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Has employer utilized an industrial hygienist or environmental health specialist to evaluate the operation?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
If internal combustion engines are used, is carbon monoxide kept within acceptable levels?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Is vacuuming used, rather than blowing or sweeping dusts whenever possible for clean-up?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:
Are materials which give off toxic, asphyxiant, or anesthetic vapors or fumes, stored in remote or isolated locations
when not in use, e.g. bulk ammonia storage?
[ ]Always [ ]Usually [ ]Sometimes [ ]Never [ ]N/A Comments:

CPL 2-2.38D

CPL
2-2.38D
3/30/98

March 30, 1998

Inspection Procedures for the Hazard
Communication Standard

Summary
Manufacturers must assess hazards of
chemicals.
Distributors must transmit hazard
information to employers.
Employers must provide information to
workers.