TRANSPORTATION AND

PUBLIC FACILITIES
PLANNING

WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

ONE OF THE MOST VITAL ELEMENTS OF URBAN COMMUNITY IS ITS
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM.
STREETS, HIGHWAYS, PUBLIC TRANSIT, AIRPORTS, AND RAILROADS ARE
ESSENTIALS TO THE ORDERLY FUNCTIONING OF AN URBAN AREA BY
PROVIDING MOBILITY FOR PEOPLE AND GOODS AS WELL AS ACCESS TO
LAND.

LEVELS OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

1. Regional Planning

Aimed at the develop overall transportation system for a large region.

2. Sub-regional planning

Aimed needs for a smaller area, such as down town, individual

community, or neighborhood.

3.Corridor Level planning

Aimed at improvements particular in corridor, such as freeway corridor or

a subway line

4.Spot improvements

Aimed at the needs of particular intersections and highways segments.

 Long range transportation plan looks at regional transportation needs

over a 15 to 25 year period. Primary emphasis in the long-range plan is
on determining the needs for developing fixed, high-capital facilities, such
as freeway or major transit links, which require substantial lead time and
planning in order to minimize adverse effects.
Transportation systems management plan differs from the long range
plan in that it emphasize managerial improvements, low-capital
improvements, and non-fixed facilities.
Transportation improvement program is a detailed schedule of specific
projects that can be implemented over a 5 year period.

BASIC FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

Legislative and organization basis. Transportation planning in an
urban area is based upon the 1962 federal Aid hi-way Act, which states
that,after july 1,1965, the secretary shall not approve. Any programs for
projects an any urban area of more 50,000 population unless he finds
such projects are based on continuining, comprehensive planning process
carried out cooperatively by steates and local community by states and
local communities.
The Federal Highway Act of 1962 also created a need for a new
organizational structures to carry out the planning activities. most urban
areas responded with creation of regional planning agencies for the
preparation plans and for other planning functions (such as land-use
planning and environmental planning).

BASIC FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

Theoretical basis. The development of transportation plans is based
upon a number of theoretical concepts about the way cities function and
the role of transportation. The first of these is an understanding of the
relationship between transportation and land use. This relationship is
called the land use transportation cycle.
The Second Theoretical Concept underlying tranportation planning is that
of derived demand. This theory, which is related to the land use
transportation cycle, states that the demand for travel derives from the
demand to do other things.
The concept of in inpedence minimization refers to the attempt to
reduce the negative aspects of trip making, such as cost, time, discomfort
and inconvenience.

THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

PROCESS
1.) Study organization. The first major steps in the planning process is the
organization of the study and detailed planning of the subsequent steps. Activities at
this stage include formation of advisory committees made up of citizens and
technicians; scheduling of task; defining the study area; and development of a traffic
analysis zone system and network structure.
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ZONE SYSTEM is an essential part of the modeling system. The
study area is divided into a set of a small geographic areas, and all activities are
assumed to take place at the centroid of these zones
2.) Problem definition. In the problem definition phase, regional goals are formulated
for both and land use and transportation. Transportation goals generally fall in three
major categories: (1) Those concerned with mobility: (2) Those concerned with the
cost of transportation: (3) Those concerned with the impacts of transportation on the
community and environment

DATA COLLECTION
Basic data are needed on the characteristics of the existing system,
including information about land use patterns, transportation supply,
travel demand, economic conditions and natural resources . land use data
would include information on how to it is zoned for future use.this kinds of
data are obtain periodically in order to give an accurate picture on how to
use of land changes overtime.

MODEL CALIBRATION
The data collected in the inventory phase are them used to calibrate a
series of mathematical models used to forecast future conditions and
patterns. Each model that is used has a series of parameters that are set
by comparing patterns that can be observe from the data collection
activities with does that are simulated by a model.

LAND-USE FORECAST
The next major is to develop forecasts. forecast are made of future landused demand and travel patterns in order to test the alternate plans
against the criteria . this process is fairly complex and requires the use of
a series of mathematical models

TRAVEL DEMAND
Simulation of travel demand is done by using a sequence of four major
mathematical models
1.trip generation
2.trip distribution
3.mode choice
4.traffic assignment

MODAL SPLIT
The next step in the process is to determine what percentage of trips
between an origin and destination uses transit and what percentage uses
auto mobiles . the choice of travel mode is a function of many factors.

TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT
The final step in the transporatation modeling process is to assign the
transit person trips and auto mobile vehicle trips to the transportation
network.for computer analysis ,the transportation network is to describe
as a series of links and nodes

PUBLIC FACILITIES PLANNING

There is a strong relationship between the planning of communities and
the provision of public facilities. That is, the physical and economic
development or redevelopment of regions, metropolitan areas,
communities, neighborhoods, and even single streets requires certain
public investments.

TYPES OF PUBLIC FACILITIES FOR LOCAL

DEVELOPMENT
HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AND WALKS
Public Utilities
Water Supplies
Sanitary Sewer
Storm water sewer
Private Utilities
Gas
Electricity
Telephone