Group 10

TERRESTRIAL
ECOSYSTEMS
Estevan Sagum
Paolo Abalos
ESE150/C6

Ecosystem

is a collection of communities of both

living and non-living things that are
interrelated.

BIOTIC

or living things found in an

ecosystem, include various life forms,
such as plants and animals.

ABIOTIC

or non-living things found in an

ecosystem, include the various landforms and the climate.

Terrestrial Ecosystem

is anecosystem found only on

landforms. Six primary terrestrial
ecosystemsexist: tundra, taiga,
deciduous forest, tropical rain forest,
grassland and desert.

A community of organisms and their

environment that occurs on the land
masses of continents and islands.

TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF

Terrestrial Ecosystem
TAIGAS - are cold-climate forests
found in the northern latitudes. Taigas
are the world's largest terrestrial
ecosystem and account for about 29%
of the Earth's forests.
Taigas are known for their sub-arctic
climate with extremely cold winters
and mild summers.

Mild Summer and extremely cold

winters

home to large herbivores, such as

moose, elk, and bison, as well as
omnivores, such as bears.

TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF

Terrestrial Ecosystem
TUNDRA - found primarily north of the
Arctic Circle. They consist of short
vegetation and essentially no trees.
Caribou, polar bears, and musk ox are
some of the notable species who call
the tundra home.

Animals in tundra Biome

TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF

Terrestrial Ecosystem
DECIDUOUS FOREST - can be found in
the eastern half of North America, and the
middle of Europe. It has the complete four
season. There are many deciduous forests
in Asia. Some of the major areas that they
are in are southwest Russia, Japan, and
eastern China.
These forests are inhabited by a various
of wildlife, including deer, bear foxes etc.

DECIDUOUS FOREST

TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF

Terrestrial Ecosystem
GRASSLANDS- are large, rolling
terrains of grasses, flowers and herbs.
region where the average annual
precipitation is great enough to
support grasses, and in some areas a
few trees.

TYPES OF GRASSLANDS

Asavannaorsavannahis
agrasslandecosystemcharacterized
by the trees being sufficiently widely
spaced so that thecanopydoes not
close.
A shrubland is a grassland
ecosystemcharacterized
byvegetationdominatedbyshrubs,
often also including grasses,herbs,
andgeophytes.

TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF

Terrestrial Ecosystem
Tropical Rain Forest - is a hot, moist
biome found near Earth's equator. The
world's largesttropical
rainforestsare in South America,
Africa, and Southeast Asia. areas a few
trees.

Forest Structure

The forest floor, the bottom-most layer, receives only

2% of the sunlight. Only plantsadaptedto low light
can grow in this region.
The understory layer lies between the canopy and
the forest floor. The understory is home to a number of
birds, small mammals, insects, reptiles, and predators.
The canopy is the primary layer of the forest forming
a roof over the two remaining layers. It contains the
majority of the largest trees, typically 3045 m in
height.
The emergent layer contains a small number of very
largetrees, calledemergents, which grow above the
generalcanopy, reaching heights of 4555m, although
on occasion a few species will grow to 7080m tall.

Tropical Rain Forest

TYPES AND EXAMPLES OF

Terrestrial Ecosystem
Deserts - is a barren area of land
where little precipitation occurs and
consequently living conditions are
hostile for plant and animal life. The
lack of vegetation exposes the
unprotected surface of the ground to
the processes of denudation. About
one third of the land surface of the
world is arid or semi-arid.

Examples are Gobi Desert, Sahara

Desert and Arabian Desert.
In hot deserts, the temperature
during daytime can exceed 45C
(113F) in summer and plunge below
freezing point at night during winter.
Less than 25 centimeters (10 inches)
of rainfall each year or hardly no
rainfall.

Deserts Animals

Environmental
Degradation

The natural environment with all its

ecosystem services, comprises the
whole basis of life on the planet. Its
value is therefore impossible to
quantify or even model

What Is Environmental Degradation?

Environmental degradation is a result
of socio-economical, technological
and institutional activities.
Degradation occurs when Earths
natural resources are depleted.
Degradation impacts Earths
resources like Air, Water and Soil.
Also impacts wildlife, Plants, and
micro-organism.

How Environmental Degradation

Occurs

Urbanization
Population Explosion
Intensification of Agriculture
Increase in Energy use
Increase in Transportation
CO2 emission
Secondary Pollutants
Chemical Effluents
Overuse of natural resources

Effects of Environmental
Degradation

Water pollution and scarcity

Air Pollution
Hazardous waste
Soil degradation
Deforestation
Loss of Biodiversity
Atmospheric changes