IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

AND MANAGEMENT

IMRAN AZIZ TUNIO

B.E (Civil), M.E (Hydraulics & Irrigation)
Assistant Director Engineering
Water Sector Improvement Project Phase-I, SIDA.
Introduction:

 Irrigation is an artificial application of

water to the soil usually for assisting in
growing crops. In crop production it is
mainly used in dry areas and in periods
of rainfall shortfalls, but also to protect
plants against frost.
Introduction (continue…)

 Additionally irrigation helps to

suppress weed growing in rice fields.
In contrast, agriculture that relies
only on direct rainfall is referred to as
rain-fed farming. Irrigation is often
studied together with drainage,
which is the natural or artificial
removal of surface and sub-surface
water from a given area.
Introduction (continue..)

 Irrigation is also a term used in

the Medical/Dental fields and
refers to flushing and washing out
anything with water or another
liquid.
Irrigation in a field in
New Jersey in the United
States
 Necessity:

 Pakistan is basically an agricultural

country. water resources development
provides the infrastructure for the growth
economy of the country and the large
investment has been made the purpose in
our country. water is normally supplied to
the plant by nature through rains.
Necessity (continue…)
 It is an essential to supply the
optimum quantity of water, and
to maintain correct timing of
water
 Irrigation is an art and application
of water to soil for crop
production constructing
headworks across a river.
Necessity (continue…)
 Our country also needs irrigation to
pace with of its huge population
which has crossed one billion mark in
this millennium.
 This is possible only through a
systematic irrigation system by
collecting water during the periods of
excess rainfall and to release it to
crop as and when it is needed
Necessity (continue)
 Thus the necessity of irrigation
can be summarized in the
following four points.
 1.less rainfall
 2.non-uniform rainfall
 3.commercial crops with
additional water
 4.controlled water supply
SCOPE OF IRRIGATION
 Irrigation is not limited to the
application of water to the soil. It deals
with all aspects and problems
extending from the watershed to the
agriculture farms.
 It also deals with design and
construction of all works, such as
dams, weirs, head regulators etc
SCOPE OF IRRIGATION
 Most commercial and residential
system are “in ground” system,
which means that everything is
buried in the ground.
 With the pipes, sprinklers, and
irrigation valves being hidden, it
makes for a cleaner,
SCOPE OF IRRIGATION
 an irrigation engineer also
required to have the knowledge
of cultivating various crops, their
maturing and protection from
pests.
 Sources of irrigation water can be
groundwater extracted from
springs or by using wells.
SCOPE OF IRRIGATION

 Scope of irrigation can be divided

into two heads:
 1.Engineering aspects
 2.Agricultural aspects
Engineering aspects

 1.storage, diversion, or lifting of water

 2.conveyance of water to the
agricultural fields
 3.application of water to the
agricultural fields.
 4.drainage and relieving water logging
 5.development of water power
Agricultural aspects
 Following points:
 Proper depth of water necessary in
single application of water for various
crops.
 Distribution of water uniformly and
periodically.
 Capacities of different soils for
irrigation water and flow of water in
soils.
Agricultural aspects
 A multipurpose river valley
project also includes
 Irrigation
 Water supply for public health
 Soil conservation
 Inland navigation
 Fish culture
BENEFITS OF
IRRGATION
 All the irrigation schemes are
designed that they increase the
food production of the country.
Apart increase in the food, there are
many indirect benefits are
advantage of irrigation
 increase in food production
 protection from famine
 cultivation of cash crops
BENEFITS OF
IRRGATION
 Addition to the wealth of the country
 Increase in porosity of people
 Generation of hydroelectric power
 Domestic and industrial water supply
 Inland navigation
 Improvement of communication
BENEFITS OF
IRRGATION
 Canal plantations
 Improvements in the ground
water storage
 Aid in civilization
 General development of the
country