OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

OF GSM &UMTS

Presented by
NITIN CHAUHAN
10EC-087
2G and 3G overview

ABOUT PREMCELL

PREMCELLis a technical competence organization specialized in mobile

communication competence development for multiple technologies and
multiple vendors. We offer Competence transfer in the field of mobile
communication technologies likeGSM (2G),UMTS (3G),LTE (4G)and
beyond.

Since last17 years, PREMCELL have been providing cellular operators

and vendors Roll-out support in the domain of Network Planning, Network
performance optimization and High-End Technology trainings.

Robust and integrated portfolio of wireless solutions includes all aspects

ofRF Designing,Implementation, Performance Engineering and
Optimization of2G,3G,4GandWi-MAX. PREMCELL provide Global
Consultancy services for cellular operators and vendors for supporting
various telecom projects.

Premcellis a registered member of theBritish Standard Institute ( BSI

)for Management System Quality.

GLOBAL OFFICES

Premcell has its global presence in the following countries :

Head Office- London ,United Kingdom

America- Texas, USA
Latin America- Salvador, Brazil
Asia- Gurgaon, India and corporate office in Delhi , India.
Africa- Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania.

INSIDE PREMCELL
Engineers working in Premcell provide telecom trainings in many
sectors, key of them are the following:
TRANSMISSION( Microwave & Optical)

PACKET CORE

CIRCUIT CORE
BSS-RAN
IP & IMS (OSS Courses)
Engineers/ technical trainers also work on projects such as :
Course development
Co-de (competency development)
Exercise creation

MAJOR CUSTOMERS

Nokia Networks

Earlier known as Nokia Solution Networks/ Nokia Siemens

Networks
(NSN).

Huawei Technologies.

ON JOB DUTIES IN
PREMCELL
Global scheduling and coordination.
Course development (Research for relevant course
modules).
Competency build to become a technical trainer in BSSRAN.
Workshops on telecom fundamentals.

GLOBAL COORDINATION
Coordinating with technical trainers, global delivery
managers, hotel chains and flight operators.

GLOBAL SCHEDULING
Global schedule for trainers by checking their competency.
This task is not a simple co-ordination of dates. Rather it
requires careful and intelligent efforts to liaise with trainers,
global delivery managers, hotel chains and flight operators.

COURSE DEVELOPMENT
support senior technical trainer for course development
projects.

COMPETENCY BUILD &

WORKSHOPS
Training for competency development.
Workshops and testbeds ( Nokia Networks Lab
center) to build up confidence.

COURSE SAMPLE
We have many domains for our course deliveries. Few of
them are:
BSS-RAN RN (Radio Network courses)
RA (Radio Access courses)
CN ( Core Network courses)
CT (Customized courses )
OSS Net Act & Admin courses
IP & IMS courses
SON
ATCA, SGSN, ATCA+SON TOOLS , and much more

COURSE SAMPLE
AN APPROACH TO BASICS OF GSM &
UMTS

BASICS CONTINUED
Handover:

Location Area-Location Update & Paging:

GSM Public Land Mobile Network

(PLMN)

Base Station Subsystem

(BSS)MS
BSC

MS - Mobile Station.
BSC - Base Station
Controller.
BTS - Base Transceiver Station.

2G and 3G overview

BTS

MOBILE STATION (MS)

BASIC FUNCTIONS OF MOBILE

STATION

The following are major functions of the Mobile Station:

Converts speech to a digital format and transmits this to
the BTS via the air interface in the form of radio waves.
Receives radio waves from the BTS and converts the digital
format to speech.
Monitors the quality and level of the radio waves from the
BTS, and reports these back, so the BSC can decide if the
MS needs to receive from another BTS.
Encrypts the radio signals, so the call cannot be listened to
by
people with scanners.

BASE TRANSCEIVER (BTS)

BASIC FUNCTIONS of BTS

The following are the basic functions of BTS:
Receives radio waves and converts them to another digital
format, to transmit to the BSC.
Monitors the levels and quality of all the BTS and MS
reports, and controls the handovers of all the MS in its
area.
Monitors quality and levels of the radio waves and reports
to the BSC, so the BSC can decide if the MS needs to
receive from another BTS.

Holds configuration and software for itself.

Has an interface for staff to configure the BTS and monitor
it.

BASIC FUNCTIONS of BSC

Sends and receives calls for all its BTSs back to the rest of
the network, controls the call functions.
Monitors the levels and quality of all the BTS and MS
reports, and controls the handovers of all the MS in its
area.
Holds configuration and software for itself, and all the BTS's
attached to it. It also holds backups of these.
Takes alarms for itself and all the BTS's attached to it and
passes them to the monitoring systems.
Takes the performance data of itself and all the BTS's
attached to it and passes this back to the monitoring
system.

BSC -Base Station Controller

BT
S

MS

BSC

TCS
M

BT
S

MSC

MSC- Mobile switching centr

MS- Mobile Station

BT BTS- Base Transceiver Station

S
MS

SGS
N

TCSM- Transcoder and submultiplexer SGSN- Serving GPRS Support

Node
BSS
BSS Base Station Subsystem

2G and 3G overview

NSS
(CORE)

NSS ( Core)

BSS

MSC

CG

VL
R

GMS
C

HLR

AU
T
EIR

MSC- Mobile Switching Centre

GMSC Gateway
MSC
VLRVisitor Location Register
HLRHome Location Register
AUTAuthentication Centre
EIREquipment Identity Register
CG
Charging Gateway
-

SGS
N

GGS
N

SGSN- Serving GPRS support Node

GGSNGateway GPRS Support Node

2G and 3G overview

NSS ( Core)

BSS

MSC

CG

SGS
N

VL
R

Circuit Switched Core. Speech.

GMS CS CoreC

HLR

AU
T
EIR

GGS
N

HLR, VLR, AUT,Databases

EIRfor call setup
CGCharging Gateway, Billing.

PS CorePacket Switched Core

Data- Web or Email.

2G and 3G overview

NSS Basic functions - CS

MSS- Mobile Switching
Core

Centre
Holds limited information about the BSC's and BTS's attached to it. Has
its own configuration and backups
Translates the dialled numbers and routes them to the correct GMSC or
other switch.
Controls part of call setup, contacts HLR and controls handovers when
other Macs are involved
Passes alarms for itself back to the monitoring system
Passes performance data for itself back to monitoring system
Generates charging data and passes this to CG
VLR- Visitor Location Register
Database for MS in MSC area with information about what feature
those MSs have
GMSC- Gateway MSC
Connects network to other providers systems. Translates dialled digits
if required
2G and 3G overview

NSS Basic functions--PS Core

GSN- Serving GPRS Support Node

Controls and keeps track of those MS using data, to route data
packages to the correct BSC and BTS
Generates charging data and passes it to the CG
Reports alarms and performance back to monitoring system
Stores its own configuration and backups
Has interface for staff to monitor and configure node

GSN-Gateway GPRS Support Node

Acts as a router between the mobile network and other networks such
as the internet
Performs routing of data packets to correct SGSN and MS allowing MS
to move between SGSNs
Converts addresses used in the mobile network to those used outside
and vice versa
Reports alarms and performance back to monitoring system
Has own configuration and backups
Has interface for staff to monitor and configure node

2G and 3G overview

NSS Basic functions & Other

LRHome Location Register
elements

Database of MS and the features and functions they poses

Database of the current locations and states of the MS
Stores its own configuration and backups
Has interface for staff to monitor and configure node

AUT- Authentication Centre

With MS encrypts the radio interface
Stores its own configuration and backups
Has interface for staff to monitor and configure node

R- Equipment Identity Register

Holds the white, grey and black list for Mobile Stations

H- Charging Gateway
Provides interface to billing platforms with backup for records

2G and 3G overview

NSS ( Core)

BSS

MSC

CG

VL
R

GMS
C

HLR

AU
T
EIR

MSC- Mobile Switching Centre

GMSC Gateway
MSC
VLRVisitor Location Register
HLRHome Location Register
AUTAuthentication Centre
EIREquipment Identity Register
CG
Charging Gateway
-

SGS
N

GGS
N

SGSN- Serving GPRS support Node

GGSNGateway GPRS Support Node

2G and 3G overview

SS- Operational Support System

The following are the major functions of the OSS:

Alarms
Configuration and Control
Performance
Network backup
OSS

NSS -CS

BSS
BSC
MS

MSC

HLR

CG

BTS

2G and 3G overview

NSS -PS
AUT
EIR

SGS
N

GGS
N

OSS- Operational Support System

NOC

Network Performance

Configuration

OSS

NSS -CS

BSS
BSC
MS

MSC

HLR

CG

BTS

2G and 3G overview

NSS -PS
AUT
EIR

SGS
N

GGS
N

OSS- Operational Support System

Users

Administrators.
Maintenance.
Configuration.

WAN/LAN

IP

DAT
A

APP
S

Software Applications and tools Users

Hardware Servers and LAN Administrators
Software Operating systems - Administrators

2G and 3G overview

UMTS (3G) Overview

The following points present overview of the UMTS (3G):
UMTS- Universal Mobile Terrestrial System
Introduced to provide higher data rates
Uses different equipment from 2G in the radio interface and some
core elements are the same, others are new
The 3G system UMTS is mostly be based on GSM technical solutions
due to two reasons:

Firstly, the GSM as technology dominates the market.

Secondly, investments made to GSM should be utilized as

much as possible.

Designed so calls can be handed between 2G and 3G when needed.

UMTS Network Architecture

Mobile Station

ME

SIM

Base Station
Subsystem

BTS

BSC

Network Subsystem

MSC/
VLR

EIR

Other Networks

GMSC

HLR

PSTN

AUC

PLMN

RNS

ME

USIM

S
D

Node
B

RNC

SGSN

GGSN

Internet

UTRAN

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

RNC Radio Network Controller

WBT
S

UE

RNC

WBT
S
UE- User Equipment

UE

WBT
- Wideband BTS
S

RAN Radio Access Network

2G and 3G overview

SGS
N

NSS

RAN

NSS- CS Core
Release 99 or R99, first release of 3G.
MGW

MSC

GMS
C

MGW-Media Gateway
MGW- Converts 3G coding of speech
and data to older methods
MSC- changes dialled digits and
controls switching.
Release 4 or R4newest release

MGW

MSS

GMS
C MGW- Converts 3G coding of speech
and data to older methods
MGW- Does all call switching
MSS- changes dialled digits and
controls switching.

2G and 3G overview

NSS ( Core)

RAN

GMS
C

MGW

MSS

CG

SGS
N

VL
R

MGW-Media Gateway
MSS- Mobile Switching Server
GMSC Gateway
MSC
VLRVisitor Location Register
HLRHome Location Register

HLR

AU
T
EIR

GGS
N

AUTAuthentication Centre
EIREquipment Identity Register
CG
Charging Gateway
SGSN- Serving GPRS support Node
GGSNGateway GPRS Support Node

2G and 3G overview

UMTS Release 99 Core Network

HLR & Authentication Centre

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

Transcoding & Interworking

Function

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

Possible rollout structure

BSS

NSS

OSS

Management
Planning and
Acquisitions

Planning CS
core

Planning
OSS

Install and
Commission
BSC
Install and
Commission
BTS

Install and
Commission
CS Core

Install and
Commission
OSS

Planning PS
core
Install and
Commission
PS Core

2G and 3G overview