Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Paradigm | 2016
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Contents
Sanskrit Epics:
Ramayana: Ayodhya and Lanka- advance stage of city life
Mahabharata
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Literature
(Jatakas and
Pali Canons
Canons)
S.No Literature
. Category
1. Vedic Literature
SubCategory
Vedas and
Samhitas
Brahmanas
Upavedas
(Sutra
Works) or
Sutras
Treatise Title
Epic Literature
Ramayana
Mahabharat
a
2.
Rig Veda
Sukla Yajurveda
Krsna Yajurveda
Atharva Veda
Aitareya Brahmana
atapatha Brahmana
Silpaveda
Samkahyana Grhya Sutra
or Samkhya Grhya Sutra
and Asvalayan Grhya Sutra
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4. Kautilyas
Arthashastra
5. Puranas
6. Agamas
7.
Tantras
8.
Brihat Samhita
9.
Pratistha Works
10.
Miscellaneous
Works
Agni Purana
Garud Purana
Narad Purana
Brahmand Purana
Bhavisya Purana
Matasya Purana
Linga Purana
Vayu Puranaa
Skand Purana
Kamikagama
Karnagama
Suprabhedagma
Vaikhanasagama
Amsumadbhedagama
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Design was further worked out in plan using a square or rectangle which was
subdivided into smaller units - The grids.
This basic matrix popularly known as Vstu Purusha Mandala is the mystical
diagram in Sthapatya. It represents the manifest form of the cosmic being that
facilitates the inception of design.
Each of its lines and divisions hold within them layers of meaning, within which
the intricacies of design unfold (Chakrabarti, 1999).
Vstu Purusha Mandala is the networking that weaves the Purusha (A
primordial form in all its wholeness) with Vastu (matter) making it Vstu (Act of
matter becoming forms and patterns).
It is the networking of environment, systems (astrology, ritual, visual etc.) and
their subsystems to harmonize the total human systems with the total
environmental systems at all interactive levels of Mind, Energies and the
Material entities (Chhaya, 2006).
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Vedic Literature
Brahmanas:
Part of the Hindu Sruti literature.
They are commentaries on the four Vedas, detailing the proper
performance of rituals.
Each Vedic shakha (school) had its own Brahmana, and it is not
known how many of these texts existed but about 20 existed in the
modern times.
Each Brahmana is associated with one of the four Vedas, and within
the tradition of that Veda with a particular Shakha or School.
The various architectural references are available on following
Brahamanas. They occupy elloborate descriptions of various
religious structures the Yupa, the Vedi and the Samsana.
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Vedic Literature
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Vedic Literature
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Rig Veda
Sam Veda
Yajur Veda
Athar Veda
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Chandura square
Agatara rectangle
Vritta circle
Kritta vritta elliptical
Gola vritta full circle
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Kautilyas Arthashastra
Considered to be a
comprehensive treaty and
addresses those entire
essential fundamentals
specific to the practices of
design and development of
human settlements
Source- Kautilya: The Arthashastra
by L.N. Rangarajan
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Kautilyas Arthashastra
Kautilyas Arthashastra
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Development of Cities
Cities grew out of earlier villages that existed in the same
locality for < 100 yrs
Grew in size & density and surrounded by numerous towns &
villages
Cities interlinked by trade & economic activities, religious
beliefs, social relations etc
Vast agricultural lands, rivers & forests by pastoral
communities , fisher folk and hunters surrounded each city
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Mohenjodaro
200
35000-41000
Harappa
150
23500
Ganweriwala
80
Rakhigarhi
80
Dholavira
100
Rehman Dehri
22
12000
Development of Cities
Population
City
Classification of Towns
Small Villages/Hamlets: 0-10 hectares
Large Towns: 10-50 hectares
Cities: 50 hectares
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