Philippine Administrative

System
(DPA 102)

PAS refers to a network of organizations

with specific rules and goals, structures,
resources and programs. It includes the
internal processes of and the
interaction between and among public
organizations, which are constituted to
implement, help formulate, monitor or
assess public policies

Public

PA

Socio-political
and economic
environment

This system covers the PA relationship with its

immediate public in contact, as well as the PAs
reactions to or how it is affected by the greater
socio-political and economic environment within
which it operates

PAS empowers people:

1) institutionalizes access to PAS services;
2) decentralizes & makes operations transparent;
3) listens and works with people;
4) procedures should be made simple and local language should be used .

Components of PAS:
Public organization - legal mandates, major
functions and structures, etc.
Internal procedures and interactive efforts perform public functions thru defined rules and
procedures internal to the org.
Responsible for implementing public policies
formulated jointly by the legislative and
executive branches
Conscious of the different kinds of clientele that
it deals with
Socio-political, economic environment PAS as
part of the bigger social system with competing
claims to limited resources and, institutions play
a role in determining the utilization of resources

Components of PAS:
Public organization - legal mandates,
major functions and structures, etc.
Internal procedures and interactive efforts perform public functions thru defined rules
and procedures internal to the organization
Responsible for implementing public
policies formulated jointly by the
legislative and executive branches

Components of PAS:
Conscious of the different kinds of clientele that
it deals with
Socio-political, economic environment PAS
as part of the bigger social system with
competing claims to limited resources and,
institutions play a role in determining the
utilization of resources

Sources of Power of the PAS

Instrument of the state government
functions are exercised legitimately,
supported by enabling state policies and
authority
Enforcer and implementor of public policy
discretion in policy implementation
Service delivery system discretion to
determine quantity, quality, adequacy and
timeliness of services it provides

Sources of Power of the PAS

Participant in policy formulation advice is
sought on legislation and policy-making
Technical expertise professional training of civil
servants in areas of competence on policy issues
Nationwide presence expansive reach to
mobilize support for programs all over the
country.

Capability-Building (CB)
CB refers to the building of people-based
structures and institutions which is the real
essence of the concept. It means enabling
people to organize themselves around
common needs and to work together towards
common ends. It is addressed to policy
makers, program implementor, and program
beneficiary.

Four Stages of CB Process

Stages of CB
Process
Problem Identification
Objective Setting
Program planning
Structure building

Four Outputs of CB Process

Outputs of
CB Process
Effective self sustaining
community organizations
Installation of community self
management process
Partnership/linkage with outside
structures
Community problem solving
capability

Political and Administrative Accountability

Accountability is defined as a condition in which
individuals who exercise power are constrained
by external means and by internal norms.
It refers to the institution of checks and balances
in an organization thru which an administrator
accounts for his stewardship of resources or
authority.

Political and Administrative Accountability

The political-administrative continuum means
that elected officials are politically
accountable to the electorate or their
constituencies who voted them to their
positions. These elected officials are held
responsible thru regular elections and other
means, i.e. recall and referendum. Appointive
public officials answer to the people thru the
elected officials who appointed them and
directly to the public whom they serve.

Four Types of Accountability

Types of Accountability
Individual
Accountability
Accountability
of Administrators

Political
Accountability
Accountability
of National Leaders

Four Types of Accountability

Individual accountability public employees are
answerable for the responsible, efficient and
effective performance of their tasks.
Accountability of administrators for their
stewardship of the administrative authority,
resources and information placed at their disposal
as leaders of public organization.

Four Types of Accountability

Political accountability of institutions that must
answer for their organizational mandate and functions,
particularly as they form part of the incumbent
government strategy for national development.
Accountability of national leaders elected national
leadership must answer for the performance in
pursuing their programs of government and their use
of national resources, given the authority, power and
resources vested in them by their constituency

PAS Structure
Constitutional bodies: 1) constitutional
commissions - CSC, COA, COMELEC; 2)
constitutionally created/mandated special
bodies CHR and Ombudsman
Executive Departments
GOCCs (wholly-owned or at least 51%)
Chartered institutions (created by law)
LGUs

Administrative Relationships
If an office is under the supervision and control of
another unit, it means that the higher office:
Has authority to act directly, whenever specific function
is entrusted by law or regulation to a subordinate
Directs the performance of a duty
Restrains the commission of acts
Reviews, approves, reverses or modified acts or
decision of subordinate officials and units
Determines priorities in executing plans and programs
Prescribes standards, guidelines, plans and programs

Administrative Supervision and Attachment

Administrative supervision:
Oversee the operations of such agencies to insure
these are managed effectively, efficiently and
economically; no interference in day to day activities
Require submission of reports; cause the conduct of
mgt audit, performance evaluation and inspection to
determine rectification of violations, abuses, etc.
Review and pass upon budget proposal of such
agencies, but may not increase or add to them.

Administrative Supervision and Attachment

Attachment (Attached agencies or corporations)
Department represented in the board, as
chair or member
Comply with periodic reporting
Department provides general policies thru its
board representatives

Government Reorganization (GR)

Pre planning or
Reorganization

Government
Reorganization

Preparation of
Reorganization
proposals

Final Stage

Government Reorganization (GR)

GR - planned deliberate efforts to systematically alter
the existing organizational structure usually for the
purpose of achieving government objectives with
more economy, efficiency and effectiveness.
Pre-planning or reorganization: 1) how
reorganization is initiated; 2) who is the authority
vested with reorganization; 3) setting goals and
tasks; 4) defining the powers to reorganize & outline
the scope; 5) setting resources
Preparation of reorganization proposals: 1)
constituting the reorganization body; 2) preparing the
reorganization proposals; 3) recruiting support and
staff; 4) creating information base for preparation of
proposals
Final stage is the passage of a law that grants the
authority to implement the reorganization process

Budget Cycle: Budget Preparation

Budgetary parameters is determined by the
Department Budget Coordination Committee
(DBCC) composed of DBM, NEDA, DOF, BSP and
OP. DBCC recommends:
level of annual government expenditure program and
ceiling for government spending for economic and
social development, national defense, general
government and debt service
proper allocation of expenditures for each development
activity between current operating expenditures and
capital outlay
amount set to be allocated for capital outlay under each
development's activity for the various capital or infra
projects. Sets budget ceiling consistent with macroeconomic targets as presented in the MTPDP

Budget Cycle: Budget Preparation

Approval
of the
President
& the
Cabinet

Budget Cycle: Budget Preparation

Budget Cycle: Budget Preparation

After budget parameters are approved, DBM issues the budget call
(National Budget Circular), defining the budget framework.
Budget hearings. Upon receipt of the budget call, agencies issue
their own internal office guidelines to prepare budgetary
estimates along the broad framework of the policy guidelines.
Budget review and consolidation. After agency hearings,
modifications and revisions of agency budget proposals may be
made. DBM consolidates results of these changes and clears
with the President thru DBCC. President then authorized DBM to
estimate total expenditures & reconcile with revenue estimates.

Budget Cycle: Budget Preparation

Budget validation and confirmation. After consolidation into a
national budget, this is subjected to further evaluation/validation,
by DBM thru comprehensive policy review of all agency and
special purpose fund budgets, then to DBCC for examination.
Approval by the President and Cabinet. The approved budget is
forwarded to Congress, together with the Presidents budget
message and other documents, i.e. Budget of Expenditure and
Sources of Financing, the National Expenditure Program, and
the Regional Expenditure Program.

Budget Approval, Execution & Accountability

Budget approval. Converting budget proposal into
law the General Appropriations Act (GAA)
Budget Execution: Allotment and cash release
program based on the GAA. Agency submits to
DBM its Agency Budget Matrix (ABM). DBM
issues the Special Allotment Release Order
(SARO) and Notice of Cash Allocation (NCA)
Budget Accountability. Establishes accountability of
government agencies that received public funds,
thru system of monitoring agency performance
vis--vis approved work targets.

The Budget Cycle

Budget
Preparation
(DBCC, agencies)

Budget
Accountability
(agencies, COA)

Budget
Process
Budget
Execution
(agencies)

Budget
Approval
(Congress)

Sources:
Alfiler Ma. Concepcion P. Philippine Administrative
System (PAS)., UP Open University, Diliman Quezon
City
Rubico, Naty. Philippine Administrative System
UP NCPAG 2010