AREAS OF WOMEN

ENTREPRENEURIAL
DEVELOPMENT
.

Introduction
• Both men and women constitute the main strength of economic
development of a nation as a workforce.
• Women constitute almost half of the total population in the world. But
their representation in gainful employment is comparatively low.
• Women have confined their activities to selected professions such as
education, nursing, medicine, and office work. Very few women enter
professions like industry, engineering, trade, etc
• The rural enterprises generally start a low cost. they make full use of
family labor and invest low capital invest low capital in production .
• Enterprises started by rural women are no longer confined to conventional
fields like embroidery, weaving, knitting and tailoring, 3 pcs-pickle,
powder and papad but women are venturing now in modern technological
non conventional fields like direct marketing, manufacturing, food
processing, handicrafts etc.
 Characteristics
• The initial lack of confidence in their own ability.
• Society’s lack of confidence in women’s ability.
• Psychological dependency of the entrepreneurial women on their family
members in decision making.
• Their interest in routine matters rather than innovative/ challenges in newer
pastures.
• Lack of communication skills.
• Inability to distinguish entrepreneurial functions like management, production,
and speculation.
• Legal right over land and property , does not go in the favor of rural women to
setting for entrepreneurial ventures.
• Lack of training organizations for women.
• Absence of risk oriented behavior as they are more fearful and conservative in
nature as compared to men.
 Need
• Women has been an equal economic partner to man,
beside her biological and social roles right through
history.
• It is said that it was the women who discovered the
possibility of domesticating plants for food. Since
then, through agricultural and industrial revolutions,
she has been an economic partner in the human
family.
• She started the enterprise of food cultivation and later
adopted bettering the food articles for necessities of
life.
 Areas of Entrepreneur Development
For Potential Women Entrepreneurs
•
•
  Garments & Textile Items  
Cosmetics and Beauty Parlors
• P’s ( Pickles, Powder [ Spices] and Papad )
• Interior Decoration
• Engineering Goods
• Consultancy Services
• Handicrafts
• Nursery & Crèches
• Education and Training
• Medicare ( Medical and Paramedical )
• Agro – Products
• Livestock
• Apiculture
• Sericulture
• Fish farming
• Miscellaneous
 Garment
• The area of garments has traditionally been
considered as apt for women entrepreneurs.
• Over the past few years this area has seen
phenomenal growth in view of the greater fashion
consciousness amongst all starts of society.
• Specialized institutions in the areas of fashion
technology have been set-up.
• Freedom to take economic and financial decisions
coupled with increasing purchasing power and a
strong desire to be better dressed up have
contributed significantly towards the growth of
this area.
• Export of garments is another area which has a
huge potential for growth especially the untapped
market
 Cosmetics and Beauty Parlours
• It considered as the most promising business area for potential
women entrepreneurs to venture into. This area of beauty
therapy which also includes slimming business ( health care
services/health clubs) is gaining importance day by day.
• The growing awareness of modern women towards beauty
culture and personal grooming has been responsible for the
growth of this area.
• Self – awareness and the desire to look better are the main
reasons for visiting a beauty parlour much helps in improving
the overall personality and confidence of a client due to overall
personality and confidence of a client due to effective
permanent and accessible beauty techniques.
• The advanced technology and latest equipments being made
use of in the present day beauty parlours enhances their
credibility in the eyes of customers.
 Interior Decoration
• With the purchasing power of the people going up and designer
homes and its interiors becoming the in-thing the area of interior
decoration has received a considerable attention in the recent
years.
• Certain institutions (like most of the women’s polytechnics) in
the country have started offering specialized diplomas in interior
decoration.
• In view of the limited wage employment opportunities in this
area, self – employment or entrepreneurship seems to be the
only alternative career option business opportunities in interior
decoration would further gain momentum in the years to come.
 Nursery and Creches
• It offer better hygiene and better facilities
are much sought after and are doing a
next area to be ranked was Nursery and
Creches with the breaking up of joint
family system and also due to more and
more number of women going out of the
homes for work, nursery and crèches
have become a necessity to take care of
small children during the day.
• Nurseries and crèches which roaring
business. Thus, there is a good scope in
the area of nursery and crèches in the
future.
 Handicrafts and 3P’s (Pickles,
Powder (Spices) and Papad )
• It is interesting and encouraging to
find that women have gradually
started coming out of the kitchen
activities-including the three P’s
with which women
entrepreneurship is popularly
identified.
• The handicraft sector which has an
upcoming domestic potential in
view of being ethnic becoming
order of the day and a great export
potential.
 Livestock
• In India,livestock plays a multifaceted role in
providing draught power for the farm, manure for
crops, fuel for cooking and food for household
consumption as well as the market.
• In animal husbandry, women have a multiple role.
Their management, indoor jobs like milking, feeding,
cleaning etc are done by women in 90 % of the
family (Narayanan,1997activities vary widely
ranging from care of animal ,grazing, and fodder
collection, cleaning of animal sheds to processing
milk and livestock products. In livestock)
 Agro product
• In India, around 70 % of the population earn
their livelihood from agriculture (EIU, 1997)
Rural Indian women are extremely involved
in agricultural activites.
• The nature and extent of their involvement
differs with variations in agro- production
system.
• In overall farm production, women’s average
contribution is estimated at 55% to 66% .
 Agro resources Enterprises

Wheat • Seed production

• Mini flour mills (wheat, maida, suji, porridge).
• Bakery products
• Baby foods
• Cattle feed

Maize • corn flour

• Corn flakes, starch, glucose
• Poultry feed
• Pop corns

Paddy • Rice milling, rice bran oil

• Paddy husk (insulating board, bricks, card board etc.)
 •
Pulses Dal processing unit
• Seed production
• Badi processing
• Wade processing
• Bundi making
• Sweets
• Dhokla
• Nutria nuggets

Sugarcane • Mini sugar plant

• Vinegar
• Sugar candy
• Jaggery products
• Bio-gas - cardboard and paper
• Bio-fertilizer
• Brewery
 • Cotton seed
Cotton • Cake (seed crushing)
• Cotton seed processing
• Cattle feed
• Hydrogenated oil
• Washing soap
• Spinning mill
• Weaving mill
• Handloom products
• Nala tape
• Khes
• Dari weaving
• Soft toy
• Rural handicrafts
• Clothing construction and embroidery

• Oil mills
Ground nut • Cake
• Cattle feed
• Washing soap
• Peanuts
• Butter
• Hair oil
Castor seed • Lubricants
• Oil mills
• Paints
• Laundry soap

Linseed • Oil mills

• Paints

Sunflower seed • Refined edible oil

• Snacks

Neem seed • Neem oil

• Neem toilet soap
• Disinfectants
• Bio-fertilizers

Mohwa seed • Laundry soap

 •
Mustard seed Hair oil
• Mustard cake
• Cooking oil

•
Fruits and vegetable Pickles
• Squashes
• Juices
• Jams
• Jellies
• Custard powder
• Canning
• Bottling
• Dehydrated fruits and vegetables and marketing of
fruits and vegetables.

•
Floriculture Ornamental nursery
• Flower marketing
• Seed production
• Tissue culture
• Oils (menthe)
Mushroom cultivation • Pickles
• Mushroom marketing
 Plantation Crops

• India has a variety of crops grown in irrigated and rainfed

areas. In India, women play key role as seed selector and in
seedling production.
• This knowledge on seeds and seed storage contribute to the
viability of the agricultural diversity and production.
• As weeders, women contribute to crop management. They
prepare and apply farm yard manure.
• Various concessions/subsidies are available for taking up
agricultural implements, tractors, fertilizers, forestry and
horticulture pursuits and other inputs.
• Credit facilities are also available through corporations, land
development banks and other banks.
Presenting crops Enterprises

Coconut • Oil mills

• Dessicated coconut
• Coconut fibre industry
• Shampoo
• Mattings

Spices (cardamoms, black pepper, ginger, turmeric,• Grinding and packing

chillies) • Hot chutneys

Jute • Rope making

• Bags
• Jute twine

Rubber • Rubberized fiber

• Rubber gloves
Coffee and tea • Instant coffee and tea

Forestry • Timber
• Saw mills
• Tissue culture
• Furniture
• Handloom accessories
• Tooth picks
• Wooden sports goods
• gum
• Articles like baskets, tabemats, wall hangings
etc.
 Dairy

• This activity can be taken up either as a self-employment

endeavour or to supplement the existing income.
• Milk
• Milk products like butter, ghee, lassi, khoa, curd, cheese,
kulfi, ice-cream, burfi, peda.
• Sweets
• Leather goods
• Breeding
• Bone meal
• Canning
• Compost making etc.
 Sheep/Goat rearing

• Wool
• Wool rugs
• Carpets
• Bone meal
• Blanket weaving
• Leather goods
• Breeding
• Canning
• Shawls
• Gloves
• Cardigans etc.
 Piggery

• Meat
• Breeding
• Canning etc.
• Entrepreneur having necessary training and
experience in these activities (sheep/goat
rearing, piggery) can take them up either for
self-employment or to supplement their income.

• For this purpose, they will have prepare a

project report 75 per cent of the cost of project
will be financed by the commercial banks. This
is also a medium term loan repayable in 3-5
years.
 Poultry
• Eggs
• Meat
• Feather
• Articles
• Egg powder
• Hatchery
• Bone meal
• Canning etc.
• Poultry development offers good opportunities to
entrepreneur seeking self-employment who have
undergone the training course (short term) rendered
by the Animal Husbandry Department.
• Medium financial assistance is available from
commercial banks and is repayable in 3-5 years
depending upon the quantum of loan. The margin
required is 25% while the rate of interest varies from
10 to 12.5%.
 Apiculture

• It involves bee keeping to get honey,

wax, bee hives and for making
crayons and cosmetic products.
• It can be an extension to farming
activities.
• Honey and wax have the potential of
being sold at a local market as well as
in the national market because of their
demand in the household as well as in
the industrial sector.
 Sericulture

• Sericulture is an agro based labour intensive industry

providing gainful employment most to rural people.
• Participation of women is around 60% in this
enterprise.
• Advantages of adopting this enterprise are :
Mulberry gives quick yield as compare to other
horticultural crops - mulberry plant can survive for
410-15 years - can give 5 to 6 harvests in one year -
useful in dress material, upholstery, sarees, dhotis -
useful as feed for fish and poultry.
• Several special schemes have been taken up for
increasing the production of mulberry and non-
mulberry silk like supply of plants, fertilizers and
equipment etc.
 Fish Farming

• India is among the top ten fish producing

countries in the world contributing about 3%
to the world marine fish catch.
• In fish farming, women can take up the
activities like fish drying/curing, shrimp
processing, shall collection, marketing and
hand braiding and net mending.
• The loan is given upto 75% of the cost of the
project and is repayable in 10 half yearly
installments.
 Miscellaneous
• leather Garments
• Cooking
• painting/ embroidery / stitching
• fast food restaurants/ catering service
• dairy farming
• Nursery of plants and flowers
• Plastics, information technology
• computerized fashion designing,
• Organizing fashion shows and cultural
programmes.
• Travel/ advertisement agency, home/
professional loans
• Magazine publishing/ printing and writing
books/comics.
 Conclusion
• There is no dearth of business opportunities for women. The
more important and crucial pre- crucial pre- condition of
selecting these projects is to suit the individual need of
entrepreneurs.
• The matching of chosen opportunities with the selected potential
entrepreneurs is an intriguing exercise.
• An entrepreneur’s own criteria and his/ her peculiar behaviour in
going for a particular business opportunity is a complicated and
at times, confusing process.
• It is at this juncture that an entrepreneur- Trainer- Motivator has
t intervene and assist in entrepreneur- enterprise match –
making.