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Part 1
Kant and deontological
ethics
Deontology
The theory of duty or moral obligation.
Duty:
Role-related duty
General duty
Obligation:
Kants philosophy:
What can I know?
Critique of Judgment
(1790); Religion within
the Limits of Reason
Alone (1793)
Immanuel Kant
(1724-1804)
Noumena:
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Part 2
Kants Conception of Moral
Values
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13
15
16
(http://eserver.org/philosophy/kant/metaphys-of-morals.txt)
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either:
self-interest,
sympathy (natural inclination), or
a sense of duty (the voice of conscience).
view.
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Hypothetical Vs categorical
imperatives
Hypothetical imperative:
Categorical imperative:
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20
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22
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Part 3
Questions about Kantian
Ethics
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Motivational problems
Why should I obey to the moral law?
27
Freedom or equality?
Is autonomy or equality the fundamental
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Conflicts of duties
If duty A conflicts with duty B, how can they
be universalized?
Example:
I have a universal duty not to kill the Fat man.
I also have a universal duty to save the five
workers.
What should I do?
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Non-rational beings
The moral law is set up by rational agents who
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Participatory democracy?
Representative (market) democracy?
Capitalism?
Revolutionary Marxism?
Confucian ethics?
Anarchism?
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Part 4
Application:
Research ethics
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33
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in a higher rank;
have more power;
have ends in the action plan that the inferior party
cannot share.
35
Milgrams experiment
I am a learner. And I
have to remember the
SNOOPY
words of the teacher
and read them back.
APPLE--PEACH;
LEMONHONEY; CAR
TRASH;
DEMOCRACYPLATO;
ICHINGWATEDDY
am a teacher
CHINGWA-now.
BEAR
Wrong!
Move on to
the next
word!
If
the
answer
is
you
say
Another
In
You
If
itthe
isgive
are
experiment
incorrect
participant,
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the learner
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an
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after
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some
play
drawing
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partthe
to
toofremember,
conduct
lot,
a
teacher.
plays
an experiment.
and
ask
thehim
parttoofread
a learner.
out after some time.
37
this.
are
in regret.
control
of a instructing
machine
generating
a
TheYou
experimenter
You
keeps
Why
didnt
I
stop,
you
man?
to
increase
You
do15
it accordingly.
voltage
ranging
from
to
450
volts.great pain.
The
learner
screams
and
shows
voltage, saying that he takes
full
responsibility
for that.
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Milgrams trick
You fooled
me?
You lucky
are angry.
think
it is
unethical.
The
thing,You
or the
bad
thing
is that
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40
Final questions
Which experiment is more unethical
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References
Driver, Julia, Ethics: the Fundamentals,
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