Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Overview:
When:
Published in 2005
Who:
For ages 3-22
What:
1 general rating scale; 42 items, 3
subscales
Structured parent interview
questions
GARS2
When:
Published in 2009
Who:
For ages 2-18
What:
Long forms for age 2-5 (70 item) for both
parent & teacher
Long forms for age 6-18 (71 item) for
both parent & teacher
A general short form for age 2-5 (15
item)
A general short form for age 6-18 (15
item)
ASRS
When
Published in 2010
Who:
For ages 2+
What
1 scale to rate individuals <6, or
6+ w/ IQ= <79 (intended rater is
clinician)
1 scale to rate individuals 6+ or w/
an IQ= > 80 (intended rater is
clinician)
1 parent interview questions
CARS2
Psychometric
Properties
Stratification variables:
GARS-2
ASRS
CARS2-ST
CARS2-HF
Normed on:
Age:
Gender:
Race:
Geographical
region:
18% northeast,
32% South, 22%
20% Northeast;
21% Midwest; 48%
GARS-2
Stereotyped
behaviors= .84
Communication= .
86
Social
interaction= .88
All test items= .
94
ASRS
Age 2-5: .95
parent scale; .94
teacher scale
Age 6-11: .97
parent scale; .97
teacher scale
Age 12-18: .97
parent scale; .97
teacher scale
CARS-2
CARS2-ST: .93
CARS-HF: .96
Reliability: Stability
GARS-2
ASRS
1 week testretest
Results:
stereotyped
behaviors: .83
communication: .64
social interaction: .
82
full Autism index: .
84
CARS-2
1 year testretest
0.88
2 year testretest
0.78
ASRS
Age 2-5
Parent: 0.81
Teacher/caregiver: N/A
Age 6-18
Parent: .90
Teacher:
.64
CARS-2
CARS: .84
CARS2-HF: .95
GARS2
DSM-IVTR
CARS2
ASRS
Autism
Society
of
America
DSMIV-TR
Recent
Resear
ch
DSM-IV
Researc
h
NSAC
ASRS
Ability to discriminate other disorders
ADHD mean score= 57.9-62.5
Other clinical mean score= 46.9-57.7
General population mean score= 47.7-48.2
Autism mean score= 69.8- 72.8
Ability to correctly identify the disorder
Correctly identified .90-.91 for parent scales; .89- .91 for teacher scales
CARS-2
Ability to correctly identify
CARS correctly identified .89
CARS2-HF correctly identified .93
ASRS
GARS-2
r= .80- .83 for Parents ratings; r= .76- .82 for Teachers rating
CARS
r= .35- .50 Parents rating; r= .06- .50 for Teachers rating
GADS
r= .63- .70 for Parents rating; r= .74- .76 for Teachers rating
CARS-2
Validity: Utility
GARS-2
Race: White and Black
Age: 3-10
Location: U.S
Purpose: weekly progress monitoring of Autism Symptoms
ASRS
Race: White, black, Asian, and other/mixed race
Age: 2-16
Location: U.S
Purpose: Monthly progress monitoring of Autism Symptoms
CARS-2
Race: White, black, Asian, native American, and other/mixed race
Location: U.S
Purpose: tool as part of a larger assessment in identifying Autism Spectrum disorder
Proper Administration
Who can use the
test:
Example of item:
Raters should have regular sustained contact w/ the individual for at least 2
weeks
Protocols should be scored by a professional who can interpret quantitative
and qualitative assessment & is familiar w/ autism
3 scales with 14 items for a total of 42 items
Each item needs to be rated in order for the scale to be scored
The rater rates the frequency w/ which they observe each item on a scale
from 0-3
0= never observed
1= seldom observed
2= sometimes observed
3= frequently observed
29. Avoids eye contact; looks away when someone looks at him or her 0 1
2 3
Interpreting Scores:
Proper Administration
Choosing the
right form
Example of item:
Full-length forms
70 items for ages 2-5; 71 items for ages 6- 18
15 minutes
Recommended for use when a thorough evaluation is desired
Short forms
15 items
5 minutes
Recommended for monitoring treatment progress
Scale written at a 7th grade level
Raters must have known the individual for at least a month
Items rated on a scale from 0-4
0= never observed
1= rarely observed
2=occasionally observed
3=frequently observed
4= very frequently observed
Interpreting Scores:
Proper Administration
General
Considerations
Who can use the
test:
Interpreting Scores:
Comparative Strengths
GARS2
ASRS
Normed group up through
age 16
Excellent internal
consistency reliability
Good content validity
Correctly identified 89-91%
of people
r=.76-.83 w/ GARS-2
r=.06-.50 w/ CARS
r=.63-.76 w/ GADS
allows for scoring with
(some) missing items
easy hand-scoring
(conversion tables on
protocol)
easy scoring
easy storage
easy generation of graphs
CARS2
Excellent internal
consistency reliability
Good stability reliability
even at 2 years
Correctly identified 89-93%
of people
r=.80 w/ clinical ratings
r=.77- .79 w/ ADOS
r=.38-.47 w/ SRS
r=.67 w/ ABC
r=.81 w/ ADI-R
all scales filled out by
examiner (more control)
easy scoring
Comparative
Weaknesses
GARS-2
Older; norms may
be outdated
Very small n for age
groups over age ten
in normed group
Poor stability
reliability; testretest only 1 week
apart
ASRS
There may be a
small n for age
groups 17 &18 as
stats were
combined
Poor stability
reliability; testretest only 2-4
weeks apart
Consistency
between teacher
raters are on the
low side (r=.64)
Low correlations w/
the CARS test
CARS-2
All age ranges may
not be represented
as normed group
was reported in
ranges
This test may be
artificially sensitive
to age, a quality not
thought to relate to
autism
Low correlations w/
the SRS
All parts of the test
must be completed
by the examiner,
making this test
more time
Summation
CARS-2
May be the most efficient tool for initial assessment
ASRS
Questions or Comments?