Omf810003gsmpowercontrolissue2 150806175851 Lva1 App6891

GSM Power
Control
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1.
Power Control Overview
2.
HWPower Control
3.
HWPower Control
Page3
Power control
Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when

needed.
Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS
Purpose
Save the power of BTS and MS
Reduce the interference of the network
Increase the quality of the network
Page4
Power control includes uplink power control and downlink

power control, Which are performed independently
Uplink power control: Adjust TX power of MS to let BTS

receive stable signal, reduce the uplink co-channel and
adjacent channel interference, reduce power consumption
of MS
Downlink power control: Adjust BTS TX power to let MS

receive stable signal, reduce the downlink co-channel and
adjacent channel interference, reduce power consumption
of BTS
Page5
Up link and Down link power

control can be enabled
independently
Page6
Process of power control commands
It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period)

from command sending to getting the feedback.
BTS sends the command for power

control and TA in SACCH header.
SACCCH report period:

26X4=104 frames (480ms)
BTS receives the

measurement report
SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3
MS adopts the new
power level and TA
In the 26 multi-frames,
frame 12 sends
SACCH.
MS obtains SACCH
block
MS begins to send the

measurement report of the
last multi-frame.
MS begins to set up a new SACCH header

to report the new TA and power control
message.
Page7
Data Configuration of Power Control

Period
Page8
Power control judgment
Power control judgment is controlled by BTS

measurement report pre-processing item which can be
selected in handover control data table
MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing):

This switch decide where power control be processed.
If measurement report pre-processing is yes, power
control is processed in BTS, and when setting it no,
power control is processed in BSC
Page9
Data Configuration of MR
Preprocessing(1)
Page10
Preprocessing(1)
Page11
Contents
1.
2.
HW Power Control
3.
HWPower Control
Page12
HW II Power Control
Power control judgment process

MR. preprocessing
The power control

demand according to
receiving level
The power control

demand according to
receiving quality
General power control

judgment
Send the power control
command
Page13
HW II Power Control
Original data of power control -- Measurement

Report(MR)
Uplink MR
BTS
Network
Downlink MR
Page14
HW II Power Control
Measurement report
Uplink
measurement
report
Downlink
measurement
report
Page15
HW II Power Control
MR. preprocessing in HW II PC algorithm consists of four

steps
Interpolation
Compensation (optional)
Prediction (optional)
Filter
Page16
HW II Power Control
MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report
BTS may fail to receive the MR from MS, and it needs to

recover the lost measurement reports. If the lost MR
amount is within the allowed range (Allowed MR Number
Lost), then recovers the lost MR according to the specific
algorithm.
Service cell: linear algorithm
Neighboring cell: the lowest value defined in GSM

specification (-110dBm)
Page17
HW II Power Control
MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement

report
Flow
R
us M
o
u
tin
Con
MR
MR
MR
No. n+4
MR
MR
No. n
Missing by
some reasons
Page18
Preprocessing
Page19
HW II Power Control
MR. compensation
Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history

measurement report before filter.
Implementation steps:
1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the

measurement report compensation queue.
2. Record the changed information of the transmitting power
according to the MS and BTS power levels in the measurement
report.
3. After finish the measurement report interpolation, system will
compensate the receiving level of the history measurement report
according to the power change information. The compensated
measurement reports will be the original data in the filter process.
4. Filter the compensated measurement reports.
Page20
HW II Power Control
MR. compensation
Power control effect diagram of measurement report compensation
Y axis
70
60
Diagram when there is no power control
50
Power control diagram when there is

measurement report compensation
40
Power control diagram when there is no

measurement report compensation
30
20
1
2
3
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49
50
10
X axis
The
Theexpected
expectedreceiving
receivingsignal
signallevel:
level:30
30
The
Thepower
powercontrol
controlwill
willbe
bemore
moreeffective
effectivewith
withmeasurement
measurementreport
reportcompensation.
compensation.
Page21
Data Configuration of MR.

Compensation
Page22
HW II Power Control
MR. prediction
Purpose: Avoid power control later than needed, the delay

is dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality
Implementation procedure
1.
Analyze the tendency of MR by the historical measurement

reports after interpolation.
2.
Guide by the tendency, to predict the values of measurement

report to be received. There are 0~3 measurement reports
prediction, which are configured on LMT.
3.
Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted

measurement reports, and implement power control
judgment.
Page23
HW II Power Control
MR. prediction
Diagram of power control effect comparison between prediction filter and mean filter
50
45
Y axis
40
No power control
35
Mean filter power

control
30
Prediction filter power

control
25
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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12
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45
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48
49
50
20
X axis
The
Theexpected
expectedreceiving
receivingsignal
signallevel:
level:30
30
The
Thepower
powercontrol
controlwith
withprediction
predictionfilter
filterwill
willbe
bemore
moreeffective
effective than
thanthat
thatwith
with
mean
meanfilter
filter
Page24
Data Configuration of MR.

Prediction
Page25
HW II Power Control
MR. filter Smooth the instantaneous fading point
Calculate the average value within the filter window
us M
o
u
n
ti
Con
ow
R Fl
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
Filter----Average several
consecutive MRs
Page26
Data Configuration of MR. filter
Page27
HW II Power Control Judgment
Power control demand based on receiving level.
After measurement report pre-processing, the power control

module makes a comparison between the expected signal
level and the current receiving signal level.
Calculate the transmitting power level step size to be

adjusted, making the receiving level value closer to the
expected value.
Adopt variable step size when decreasing the transmitting

power according to the receiving level, so as to achieve the
expected level as soon as possible.
Page28
Power control demand based on receiving quality
After measurement report pre-processing, the power

control module makes comparison between the expected
quality level and the current receiving quality level.
Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to
be adjusted: increase the transmitting power in case of
poor receiving quality, and decrease the transmitting
power in case of good receiving quality.
Adopt fixed step size when adjust the transmitting power
according to the receiving quality.
Page29
General power control judgment
Page30
HW II Power Control Feature
Adaptive power control:
Adaptive power control refers to changeable power control

strategy according to the communication environment, it
makes power control more effective and stable.
Automatically change the adjustable maximum step size of

power control according to different communication
environment (different receiving quality).
Adopt different power control strategies according to different

communication environments (different receiving quality and
level).
Max. step is different between increase and decrease.
Page31
HW II Power Control Feature
Power control within the upper/lower thresholds
Power control will not execute if the signal level and

quality is within the threshold bands.
Avoid the signal level fluctuation caused by power

control.
The upper threshold can be increased dynamically in

case of bad quality.
Page32
Data Configuration for UL Rx_Lev

Upper/Lower Threshold
Page33
Data Configuration for UL

Upper/Lower Quality Threshold
Page34
Data Configuration for DL Rx_Lev

Upper/Lower Threshold
Page35
Data Configuration for DL

Upper/Lower Quality Threshold
Page36
Data Configuration of Power

Control (Rx_Lev)
Page37

Control (Rx_Lev)
Page38

Control (Rx_Lev)
Page39
Data Configuration for UL/DL Bad

Quality
Page40
HW II Power Control
Advantages
Measurement report compensation to makes power
control judgment more accurate
Measurement report prediction --to avoid power

control later than needed, the delay is dangerous in
case of poor level or bad quality
Power control expected signal level and quality

threshold falls within a band, this avoids receiving
signal level fluctuate up and down frequently
Page41
Exercise
Exercises for HW II power control
Given conditions:
The uplink receiving level is -55dBm, the quality is level 0. Power control
algorithm is HW II.
Data configuration is as follows: Uplink signal level upper threshold:

-60dBm, uplink signal level lower threshold: - 80dBm. Uplink signal upper
quality threshold: level 1. Uplink signal lower quality threshold: level 2. The
downward adjustable step size of quality band 0 is 16dB, of quality band 1
is 8dB, and of quality 2 is 4 dB. The upward adjustable step size of
receiving level is 16dB. The upward or downward adjustable step size for
power control by quality are both 4dB.
Question: What will be the uplink stable receiving level after power
control?
Page42
Exercise
Answer.
First, transmitting power to be reduced according to receiving level

= actual receiving level -(uplink signal level upper threshold +
uplink signal level lower threshold)/2 -55- (-60 + (-80))/2 (-55)(-70) 15dB. As the receiving quality is level 0, downward
adjustable step size of quality band 0 can be used -- decrease
16dB.
Second, the transmitting power to be decreased according to
receiving quality = as power control adjustment step size by
quality is 4dB, thus decrease 4dB.
Therefore, according to the general judgement on power control,
15dB should be decreased.
Page43
Exercise
Answer .
After the implementation of step 1 power control, the

receiving level becomes: -55dBm-15dB= -70dBm,
Suppose the quality reach already in level 1 here.
First: the receiving level value is between -80dBm~60dBm, neednt adjust.
Second: the receiving quality value is between 0 and 2,

neednt adjust.
Therefore, the uplink stable receiving level =-70dBm.
Page44
Content
1.
2.
HWPower Control
3.
HWPower Control
Page45
HW III Power Control Flow

MR.
Preprocessing
Initial MR. process
Stop PC, waiting

the next MR.
Yes
Number of lost MR. > N?

No
MR. Interpolation
No Power
Control
Exponent Filter
Slide Window Filter
Calculate the power
control step for BTS and
MS
Yes
Rx_lev&(Qual.+FH gain)
are within expected window?
No
Power control
implement
Page46
Measurement Report
Preprocessing
For the measurement report preprocessing, there are

three differences between HW II and HW III power
control
Initial discarded MR. number
Interpolation method
Filter calculation
Page47
Measurement Report
Preprocessing
Initial discarded MR. number
Avoiding the access period measurement report influence

power control accuracy, system discards some initial
measurement report.
HW II: discard 4 initial MR. fixedly.
HW III: set it via Signal/Traffic Channel Discard MR. Number.
MR. interpolation method
Rx_lev: If Rx_lev(k) is lost, recover it as Rx_lev(k-1).
Rx_qual: If Rx_qual is lost, recover it as quality lever 7.
Page48
Data Configuration of Initial

Discarded MR. Number
Page49
Measurement Report
Preprocessing
MR. filter calculation
Quality filter
Quality class value will be converted to BER and set up the

correspondence relationship with CIR as below table.
Calculate the average CIR according to the selected filter

method.
Quality Class
CIR (dB)
22
18
16
14
12
Page50
Measurement Report
Preprocessing
MR. filter calculation
filter algorithm: exponent filter and slide window filter
Exponent filter
ca_filtered1 (1)=ca(1)
k=1
ca_filtered1 (k)=a*ca(k)+(1-a)*ca_filtered1 (k-1)
k>1
~ ca: original receiving level or quality

~ ca_filtered1: receiving level or quality after exponent filter calculation
~ k: serial number of measurement report
~ a: exponent filter coefficient, a=1 / (2^(w/2)), and w is exponent filter
length
Page51
Measurement Report
Preprocessing
Filter algorithm
Slide window filter
ca_filtered (1) = ca_filtered1 (1)
k=1
ca_filtered (k) = [ca_filtered 1(1)++ca_filtered1 (k)] / k

1<k<w
ca_filtered (k) = [ca_filtered1 (k-w+1)+...+ca_filtered1 (k)] / w

k>=w
ca_filtered1: receiving level or quality after exponent filter
ca_filtered: receiving level or quality after window filter
k: serial number of measurement report
w: slide filter window
Page52
Data Configuration of Filter(DL)
Page53
Data Configuration of Filter(UL)
Page54
Power Control Judgment
During HW III power control judgment, system will

calculate radio channel gain.
Suppose: In SACCH period k, useful signal is c(k),

interference is I(k), radio channel gain is g(k) and
transmit power for BTS or MS is p(k). The below
c(k )
I (k )
formulas
by logarithm:
ca _ filteredare
( k ) calculated
10
10
Rx_lev
10
10
10 10
Useful signel
(1)
Interference
C/I qa_filtered(k) = c(k) I(k)
(2)
c(k) = p(k) g(k)
(3)
Page55
Radio channel gain calculation:
According to (1) and (2), we can get c(k)
c( k ) ca _ filter (k ) qa _ filter ( k ) 10 lg(1 10
qa _ filtered ( k )
10
Input c(k) to (3), get g(k) = p(k) c(k). So calculate
the g(k) for BTS and MS
Page56
BTS power control step calculation:

step(k) = - ( sfactor*( BsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
+ qfactor*( qa_filtered(k) + QOffFh - QThr) );
SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown) / 2; Physical meaning is received useful signal.
QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown) / 2; Physical meaning is received CIR without
hopping.
If step(k) >0, so step(k) =0;
Notes:
sfactor HWIII DL RexLev Adjust Factor
qfactor HWIII DL Rex Qual. Adjust Factor
BsTxMaxPower the maximum power level of occupied carrier
SThr the mean level of expected receiving level window
QThr the mean level of expected receiving quality window
QOffFh frequency hopping gain
Page57
MS power control step calculation:

step(k) = - ( sfactor*( MsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
+ qfactor*( qa_filtered(k) + QOffFh - QThr) );
SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown) / 2;
QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown) / 2;
If step(k) >0 then step(k) =0;
Page58

Control Judgment
Page59

Control Judgment
Page60

Control Judgment
Page61

Control Judgment
Page62

Control Judgment
Page63

Control Adjust Factor
Page64
Adjustment protection
For avoiding too rapid adjustment, parameter [HWIII

DL/UL MAX DownStep/UpStep] is used to control the
maximum power control step.
If the difference between power control step(k) and

previous one step(k-1) is bigger than maximum power
control step configured above, just take the maximum
power control step as the difference between them, so
as to limit the current power control command step(k).
Page65
Data Configuration of Power Control

Step
Page66
If Rx_lev upper threshold >= Rx_Lev >= Rx_lev lower

threshold
and Rx_qual upper threshold >= [RxQual + QOffFh] >=

Rx_qual lower threshold, step(k)=step(k-1)
QOffFh is depended on hopping gain table

Number of MA
>=8
QOffFh (dB)
4.3
4.7
5.0
5.3
Page67
HW III Power Control Features
Exponent filter enhance the measurement report process speed.
In HW II PC, receive level and quality be considered independently

and then general power control judgment will be done. While in
HW III PC, the final result will be got from the general formula.
Difference quality threshold be set for the difference service, such

as AMR, FS and HS.
Hopping gain also be considered.
Page68
Question
Given condition
The current UL_Re_Level: -75dBm UL_Re_Quality: 4(qa_filtered (k)

=12) Radio channel gain(g(k)): 110dB, there are 7 hopping
frequency, Max power output of MS is 2W(33dBm)
HWIII is available data configuration is as following:
[HWIII UL RexLev Upper Threshold] 30
HWIII UL RexLev Lower Threshold 20
HWIII DL FS Rex Qual. Upper Threshold(dB)] 22
HWIII UL FS Rex Qual. Lower Threshold(dB)] 16
HWIII UL RexLev Adjust Factor 4 HWIII UL Rex Qual.Adjust Factor

6
HWIII
UL 2MAX3 DownStep(dB
)7 Number
8 of MA
HWIII UL MAX UpStep(dB) 8
0
1
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Quality Class
CIR (dB)
22
18
16
14
12
QOffFh (dB)
4.3
4.7
5.0
Question What will be the power output of MS after power control
Page69
8
5.3
Question
Answer:
step(k) = - ( sfactor( MsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
qfactor( qa_filtered(k) + QOffFh - QThr) )
{{0.4 [33 110 (
30 20
22 16
110 )]} 0.6 (12 5
)}
2
2
2dB
After power control
Power output of MS: 33-2=31dBm
Suppose the current g(k)=115dB, current quality:3(CIR=14dB) then
For level -90dBm<31-115<-80dBm
For quality 16<14+5<22
So power control stops the power output of MS 33-2=31dBm
Page70
Summary
In this course, we have learned:
Power control procedure
HW II power control algorithm
HW III power control algorithm
Data Configuration of HWII and HWIII
Page71
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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GSM Power

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when

Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS

Save the power of BTS and MS

Reduce the interference of the network

Increase the quality of the network

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Power control includes uplink power control and downlink

Uplink power control: Adjust TX power of MS to let BTS

Downlink power control: Adjust BTS TX power to let MS

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Up link and Down link power

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Process of power control commands

It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period)

BTS sends the command for power

SACCCH report period:

BTS receives the

MS begins to send the

MS begins to set up a new SACCH header

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of Power Control

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Power control judgment

Power control judgment is controlled by BTS

MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing):

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power control judgment process

The power control

The power control

General power control

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Original data of power control -- Measurement

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MR. preprocessing in HW II PC algorithm consists of four

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report

BTS may fail to receive the MR from MS, and it needs to

Service cell: linear algorithm

Neighboring cell: the lowest value defined in GSM

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history

1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diagram when there is no power control

Power control diagram when there is

Power control diagram when there is no

Data Configuration of MR.