MANAGEMENT

SCIENCE

List of units
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

Introduction to Management
Operations and Marketing
Management
Human Resource Management
Project Management (PERT/CPM)
Strategic Management and
contemporary strategic issues

UNIT-I
Introduction
To
Management

Definition of Management

Henri Fayol: To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize,

to command, to co-ordinate and control
Peter F. Drucker: Management is concerned with the
systematic organization of economic resources and its task is
to make these resources productive
EFL Brench: Management is a social process. The process
consists of planning, controlling, co-ordinating and
motivation
W.F.Glueck: Management is effective utilization of human and
material resources to achieve the enterprise objectives
Koontz and ODonnel: Management is a operational process
that can be divided into 5 essential managerial functions.
The functions are planning, organizing, staffing, directing
and leading and controlling

Definition of Management

Koontz and Weihrich: Management is the process

of designing and maintaining an environment in
which individuals working together in groups,
accomplish efficiently selected aims
So management can be defined as
Management is considered as a social process of
planning, organizing, coordinating, commanding
and controlling for the purpose of achieving
organizational goals by using limited resources
efficiently and effectively

Nature and Features

Management is a social process

It also denotes a a body of people involved
in decision making
It is inexact science
universal
It is an art and also science
It is profession
It is inter-disciplinary
It is Situational in nature

IMPORTANCE

It facilitates the achievements of goals

through limited resources
It ensures smooth sailing in case of
difficulties
It ensures continuing in the organization
It ensures economy and efficiency
It focus on group efforts
It is the key to the economic growth

FUNCTIONS OF
MANAGEMENT

According to Luther Gullick

P-----Planning
O------Organizing
S-----Staffing
D----Directing
Co---Coordinating
R---Reporting
B---Budgetting

Functions of Management
Planning- It is the outline of when, where, what, how
and by whom a task is to achieved
Organizing- It involves identification of activities
required for the achievement of the objective and
implementation of plans.
Staffing- Procure suitable person for planning jobs.
Functions of staffing:
1. Man power planning which decides the number and
kind of personnel required
2. Recruitment which attracts suitable number potential
employees to seek job
3. Selection of most suitable person

Functions of Management
4. Training and development of employees

Directing- It consists of guiding and supervising the

subordinates in activities.

Controlling- It consists of making the results tally with

targets
Steps in controlling
1. Establishment of standard work
2. Assessment of actual work
3. Determination of deviation
4. Corrective action

Coordinating-means achieving team spirit and unity of

action among subordinates for the achieving common
business objective

Taylors Scientific Management

Theory

F.W.Taylor Father of Scientific

Management

Taylor demonstrated the benefits of

increased productivity and earnings
through an experiment at
Bethlehem Steel Works.

Fayols Principle of
Management

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Henri Fayol contributed 14 principles to

management
Division of Work
Authority
Discipline
Unity of command
Unity of direction
Subordination of individual interest to
group interest

Fayols Principle of
Management

7.Remuneration
8.Centralization of authority
9.Scalar chain
10.Order
11.Equity
12.Stability of tenure of personnel
13.Initiative
14.Espirit de corps (Team work)

Mayos Hawthorne Experiments

Mayo known for his famous experiment

at Hawthorne plant of the western
electric company, Chicago, USA, for
evaluating the attitudes and
Psychological reaction of workers on
the job situations.

Maslows theory of Human NeedsS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

According to him humans have 5

needs
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Affiliation or acceptance needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualisation needs

Douglas McGregors Theory X and

Theory Y
Theory X: Assumptions
1.
Employees are lazy
2.
They require constant guidance and
support
3.
Some times they require even coersion
and control
4.
Given an opportunity they would like to
avoid responsibility
5.
They do not show any ambition but
always seak security

Theory Y
Assumptions:
1.
Some employees consider work as natural as play
as rest
2.
They employees are capable of directing and
controlling performance on their own. They are
much committed to objectives of the organization.
3.
Higher rewards make these employees more
committed to organization.
4.
Most of them are highly imaginative, creative, and
display ingenuity in handling organizational issues.
5.
Give an opportunity , they not only accept
responsibility but also look for opportunities to out
perform others.

Herzbergs Two Factor Theory of

Motivation
Herzberg developed 2 factors:
1. Hygiene Factors: These are the basic
requirements such as company policies
and procedures.
2. Motivators Factors: The other set
comprising motivators refers to the higher
order needs.

System Approach
A System is a collection of interrelated
parts called sub-systems, which constitute
one whole unit. It facilitates the study of
each of these parts in detail to have a
close understanding of the whole system.

Leadership Styles
Leader: One who leads a given group
or team of people.
Leadership: It is an ability to
influence people to achieve the given
goals in an organisation.

Types of Leadership
Based on the use of authority the
leadership is divided into 3 types.
1. Autocratic leadership
2. Democratic or Participative leadership
3. Free-Rein Leadership

Social Responsibilities
It refers to the process which includes several
activities ranging from providing safe products
and services to giving portion of the companys
profits to welfare with a philanthropic
perspectives.
1. Responsibility towards shareholders.
2. Responsibility towards consumers.
3. Responsibility towards employees.
4. Social Responsibility towards creditors.
5. Responsibility towards the Government,
competitors, General public.