Chapter 6

Digital Media for Work and

Leisure
 Digital Music and Audio
 Digital Graphics
 Digital Photography and Video
 Interactive Media

Please discontinue use of cell

phone and turn off ringer

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 Digital Media
Digital Media encompasses digital
technologies of all kinds that serve and support
digital music, video, and graphics.

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 6.1

Digital Music and Audio

Key Terms
• Digital audio • MP3
• Digital music • DRM
• MIDI • Media player software
• Podcast • Satellite Radio

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 Digital Audio and Music

 Digital audio is any type of sound, including

voice, music, and sound effects, recorded
and stored digitally as a series of 1s and 0s.
 Digital music is a subcategory of
digital audio that involves recording
and storing music.

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 The sampling rate for audio CDs
is 44,100 samples per second,

Digitizing Sound whereas the sampling rate of

your voice on a digital cell phone
is 8000 times per second.

 A sound wave is sampled at predefined time

intervals (sampling rate) the amplitude for each
sample is stored as a binary number.
30 Digital Music File
30 30 30 10010100010010
20 20 01000100100100
20 20 20 10110001010101
12
10 01010010010010
10 10 10 10010100010010
amplitude

4
2 2 01000100100100
0 0 0 0 0
-1 10110001010101
-4 -4 -3
01010010010010
-10 -10 -10 -10 -10 -10 10010100010010
01000100100100
-18 -18
-20 -20 -20 10110001010101
01010010010010
-28
-30 10 20 -30 10 20 -30
Milliseconds (ms)
1. An analog sound wave is… 2. “sampled” at regular 3. stored as a sequence of
time slice, and numeric values…
(30,-10,-28,-4,20,…)

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 Digital Sound For
Professionals
 Digital Voice Recorders are used in
many professions to capture dialogue
for future reference.
 Digital audio is used in Science, Law
Enforcement, Entertainment and
Communications
 Digital audio techniques are used in
speech and voice recognition.

http://www.ntnu.no/gemini/2003-06e/19.htm

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 Digital Sound For
Professionals
 Forensic audio uses digital processing to denoise,
enhance, edit, and detect sounds to assist in criminal
investigations.

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 Digital Music & Sound
 Sound Production Studio
Westlake Audio Studio
in Hollywood, CA uses
millions of dollars worth
of digital audio
equipment to produce
music CDs, sound
tracks for motion
pictures, and many
other audio services.

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 Digital Music Production Tools

 A synthesizer electronically produces sounds

designed to be similar to the sounds of real
instruments; they can also produce new sounds
unlike any that a traditional instrument could
produce.
 A sampler digitally records real musical instrument
sounds and allows them to be played back at various
pitches using an electronic keyboard.
 A sequencer allows musicians to create multitrack
recordings with a minimal investment in equipment.

http://www.yamaha.com/musicproduction/

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 MIDI

 The musical
instrument digital
interface (MIDI)
protocol provides a
standard language for
digital music devices
to use in
communicating with
each other.

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 Podcasting

 A podcast is an MP3 audio file

that contains a recorded
broadcast distributed over the
Internet.
 A podcast aggregator is software that
allows you
http://www.podcastalley.com/
to subscribe to podcasts.
Record your own podcasts:
http://www.ipodder.org/ http://www.jakeludington.com/podcasting/20050222_

Windows: http://audacity.sourceforge.net/
Mac: http://www.apple.com/ilife/garageband/

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 Discussion:
Mainstream Media
vs.
Consumer Generated Media

PROS
n Rather on http://www.cbsnews.com &
CONS

A blogger interview
also see
http://www.current.tv

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 Digital Audio File Formats
File Format Description
Extension
.aac Advanced Audio Apple compressed audio file format. A new compressed file format that
.m4p Coding is more efficient than MP3. Used with Apple’s iTunes music service.

.au Audio Audio file format used mostly on Unix and Apple operating systems.
.cda Compact Disc Used to store music on traditional music CDs using a storage
Audio technology different from typical computer files.
.mid MIDI File format containing MIDI commands to control keyboard synthesizers
and other electronic instruments.
.mp3 MP3 A popular compressed audio file format used on file sharing networks
and the Internet. Compresses .cda files by a factor of 10 - 14.
http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/mp31.htm
.ra Real Audio Format designed for streaming audio over the Web.
.wav Waveform Audio Windows PC audio file format.
.wma Windows Media Microsoft Windows compressed audio file format. A new compressed
Audio file format that is more efficient than MP3 and provides the distributor
with control over copying of the file. Used with most Internet music
services other than Apple iTunes.

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 Digital Music Media

 CDs, CD-Rs, CD-RWs, Mini-disks

 Flash Memory
 Hard Drive
Creative's Sound Blaster Wireless Music (listed at $250)
is the first digital media receiver to offer music-file
navigation via a remote control with a large LCD. The idea
is that once you've configured the small, modem-size base
unit to work with your Wi-Fi network, you'll be able to
stream music over the system to any stereo or even a set
of powered speakers.

http://reviews.cnet.com/4521-6531_7-5021436-2.html?tag=dir.top

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 Players and Software
Media player software such as iTunes,
Windows Media Player, and RealPlayer, allows
users to organize and play digital music, audio,
and video files on PCs and media devices.

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 Digital Music Distribution
Channels
 Purchase new on CD
99 cents
 Internet music services
Per-song $14.95 pm
or 99 cents
Monthly Subsciption
 Satellite Radio
$12.95 pm
 Illegal methods
File sharing networks
Copying CDs $9.99 pm

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 Digital Rights Management
(DRM)
 DRM provides a way to control if and how
many times a digital music file can be copied.
 Fairplay: Apple’s DRM technology used in m4p
files.
 Janus: Microsoft’s DRM technology used in wma
files (wma-drm 9.0).
 Zune wma-drm 9.1: Microsofts new DRM for Zune
not compatible with Janus.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management

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 Online Music Distribution
 Wma drm 9.0 Online • Wma drm 9.1 Stores
Stores – Zune
 AOL Music Now
 Yahoo! Music Unlimited
 Musicmatch
 Napster
 M4P Stores
 Rhapsody To Go  iTunes
 Ruckus
 Sony Music Store • No DRM Stores
 URGE – Amazon
 Virgin Digital – eMusic.com
 Tesco Downloads – iTunes Plus

The public’s reaction to DRM…

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 Audio File Formats & Players
wav aiff mp3 aac aac wma wma wma
(m4a) (m4p) (drm 9.0) (drm 9.1)

iPod X X X X X

Zen X X X X

Zune X X X X

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_file_format
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 6.2

Digital Graphics

Key Terms
• Digital graphics • Scientific visualization
• Pixels • CAD
• Bit-mapped graphics • 3D Modeling Software
• Vector graphics

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 Digital Graphics

 Digital graphics refers to computer-

based media applications that support
creating, editing, and viewing 2D and 3D
images and animation.

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 Digitizing Graphics

 Digital images are made up of a grid of

small points called pixels (short for
picture element).

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 Digitizing Graphics
 Colors for pixels are
expressed using
numbers that represent
combinations of
intensities of red, blue,
and green, with one byte
(256 levels of intensity)
for each. Using three
bytes provides
16,777,216 (224) possible
colors.

How many bits does your PC use for color? Check your display properties.
Demo tool: http://pic.fsu.edu/colormap.exe

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 Graphics File Formats

 Vector graphics  Bit-mapped

files store geometric graphics files store
descriptions that the color of each
define all the shapes pixel in the image.
in the image.

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 Uses of Digital Graphics
Electrons in a nanotube
 Creative Expression
 Presenting Information
 Communicating Ideas
 Exploring New Ideas
 Scientific visualization
uses computer graphics
to provide visual
representations that
improve our
understanding of some
phenomenon.

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 Uses of Digital Graphics

 Entertainment
 Documenting Life
 Designing Real-World
Objects
 Computer-assisted
design (CAD) software
assists designers,
engineers, and
architects in designing
three-dimensional
objects.

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 Vector Graphics Software

 Vector Graphics
Software, or drawing
software, provides
tools to create,
arrange, and layer
graphical objects on
the screen to create
pictures.

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 3D Modeling Software
 3D Modeling Software provides graphics
tools that allow artists to create pictures
of realistic 3D models.
 Objects are created using a wire framework.
 Surface textures are applied to the objects.
 Light source is defined.
 The scene is rendered – lighting, shapes,
and surfaces are calculated to create a 3D
appearance on a 2D display.

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 3-D Modeling Software

3D Modeling is sometimes referred to as Ray Tracing. http://www.irtc.org/

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 Real or computer generated?
http://www.strata.com/showcase.asp
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 www.liamkemp.com
Real or computer generated?

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 Computer Animation
 2D Animation
 Animated GIFs
 Macromedia Flash
 3D Animation
 Involves rendering 24 3D images per second.
 Expensive Software
 Avars are used to provide hinges for movements
of characters.
 http://www.pixar.com/howwedoit

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 Defines avar for
blinking eyelid.

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 Digital Animation Software
 Softimage/XSI v3.0 $13,000
http://www.softimage.com
 3ds + Reactor = $1,795
http://www.discreet.com
 Lightwave 3D, $1,595
http://www.newtek.com
 Renderman $ 5,500
http://renderman.pixar.com/

Check links for cool demos.

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 6.3

Digital Photography and

Video

Key Terms
• Photo-editing Software
• Video-editing Software

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 Digital Photography

 Digital photos are created, or

acquired, using a digital
camera or scanner and are
saved as bit-mapped images.

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 Photo Editing
 Photo-editing
software, such as
Adobe Photoshop
Elements and Microsoft
Picture It!, includes
special tools and effects
that you can use to
improve or manipulate
bit-mapped photograph
images.

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 Today’s technology makes it easy to create realistic looking faked
photos – thus photos are no longer trusted as evidence in court.

http://www.worth1000.com

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 Valuable Viewing, Sharing,
and Printing Services

 http://picasa.google.com
 www.kodakgallery.com
 www.flickr.com
 www.smugmug.com

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 Digital Video

 Digital video cameras, called

digital camcorders, are available
in a wide range of prices with
wide-ranging capabilities.

Camcorder Buying Guide

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 Video Editing
 Video-editing software allows
professional and amateur
videographers to edit bad footage
out and rearrange the good
footage to produce a professional-
style video production.

Video editing storyline

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 Portable
Digital Video Hardware
 Portable Media Player (PMP)

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 6.4

Interactive Media

Key Terms
• Interactive media
• Video game consoles
• Interactive TV

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 Interactive Media

 Interactive media
refers to digital
media presentations
that involve user
interaction for
education, training,
or entertainment.

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 Interactive Media in Education
 Authorware provides a toolkit for creating
interactive 2-D tutorials and training for
delivery on computer.
 Software like “Making History” is used to
enhance education.

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 Interactive Media in
E-commerce

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 Game Consoles

 Video game consoles, such as the

Nintendo Wii, the Sony Playstation 3
(PS3), and Microsoft’s Xbox 360, are
high-powered multiprocessor
computers designed to support 3D
interactive multimedia.

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 Portable Gaming Hardware

 PlayStation Portable
 Nintendo DS

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 Interactive TV
 Interactive TV is a digital television
service that includes one or more of the
following:
Video on demand
Personal video recorder
T-Commerce
Internet access on TV
Video games over TV

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 Chapter 6 Questions?

Don’t forget to turn

your phone on!!

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