Other Network

Architecture
Chapter 6

Release 16/7/2009

Jetking Infotrain Ltd.

Chapter Objectives - I

Explain token ring topology

Explain token bus topology
Differentiate between token ring, token bus and
Ethernet
Explain FDDI
Describe signaling and connection standards

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Chapter Objectives - II

Understand ATM
Explain AppleTalk
Explain ARCNET
Explain MAN systems, SMDS and DQDB
Describe Ethernet alternatives

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Recall

10Base-T is the most commonly used Ethernet

standard, which provide transmission speed up to
10 Mbps.
The 5-4-3 rule is designed for the number of
repeaters and segments on shared access.
High speed Ethernet standards are:

Fast Ethernet (100Base Ethernet)

Gigabit Ethernet
10-Gigabit Ethernet

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Explain token ring using CBT

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Token Ring - IV

Advantages:

Data collision does not

occur
Every station is allowed
to transmit data
Time required to carry
the amount of data can
be calculated
Minimum cable
requirement

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Disadvantages:

System collapses if
links between nodes
are malfunctioning
No alternative link to
transmit the data
Data transmission is
through single direction
Performance degrades
when junk data is
transmitted

Token Ring Vs Ethernet

Token Ring

Ethernet

Token Ring network uses token passing Ethernet

network
mechanism.
mechanism.

use

CSMA/CD

Physical star topology is used.

Any topology can be used as physical

topology.

Defined by IEEE 802.5 standard.

Defined by IEEE 802.3 standard.

Devices in token ring may transmit only at Devices can transmit as soon as the
specific time.
medium is free.
Support heavy network traffic and The performance of the Ethernet network
maintains the network performance.
degrades as network traffic increases.
Token Ring network is deterministic.

Ethernet network is not deterministic as

token ring.

Token ring network provides bandwidth Ethernet network provides

efficiency up to 90%.
efficiency up to 40%.

bandwidth

The network setup and maintenance of The cost of network equipment is lower for
token ring is expensive than Ethernet.
Ethernet.

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Token Bus

Defined by IEEE 802.4

Uses bus topology as physical topology
Token passing mechanism is used for data transfer
like token ring
Token is passed over a virtual ring within network

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Token Ring Vs Token Bus

Token Ring

Token Bus

Designed for offices.

Designed for large factories.

Star topology is used as physical topology.

Bus topology is used as physical topology.

A token is passed over the physical ring A virtual ring is formed over which the token
itself.
is passed.
Defined by IEEE 802.5 standard.

Defined by IEEE 802.4 standard

In Token ring the maximum time that a In Token Bus network the maximum time that
token will take to reach the end station
a token will take to reach the end station
can be calculated.
cannot be calculated.

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Explain fiber LAN and FDDI

using CBT

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Copper Distributed Data

Interface (CDDI)

Version of FDDI
Uses twisted-pair copper cable instead of fiber optic
cable
Supports 100 Mbps DTR and 100m segment length
Official name - Twisted-Pair Physical MediumDependent (TP-PMD)
Only two types of cables are supported by ANSI
standard for CDDI:

150 Ohm STP

CAT5 UTP

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Signaling and Connection

Standards
Ensure that equipments to be used for creating

networks can work together

Signaling
Standards

FDDI

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FOIRL

10Base - F

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

(ATM)

Network protocol which converts the data traffic into

stream of fixed size cell before transmission
Designed to transfer data simultaneously from
multiple sources
Can be employed in both LAN and WAN
environments
Can provide a maximum data speed of 622 Mbps
A high speed transfer technology for voice, video
and data over public networks

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ATM Performance

Throughput Rate at which ATM cells depart from the

ATM switch
Connection Blocking Probability Defines the probability
of Non-availability of enough resources for generating
physical connections between inlet and outlet
Cell Loss Probability Defines a no. of data cell that can
be handled by a switch queue
Switching Delay Time required for cell to pass through
the ATM switch
Cell Delay Variation Probability that the switching delay
of the ATM switch exceeds the certain value

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AppleTalk

AppleTalk protocol suite was developed by Apple

Computers for use on Macintosh computers
Developed to allow the multiple users to share
resources
AppleTalk protocol suite is also compatible with
Ethernet, Token Ring and FDDI network
architectures
AppleTalk is an early implementation of distributed
client-server networking system

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AppleTalk Network
Components

Sockets Location in AppleTalk node which is

recognized by a unique address
Nodes Device which is a part of an AppleTalk
network e.g. computer, printer or router
Networks Consists of a cable with multiple nodes
connected to the cable
Zones Constitutes a group of nodes and network
which are logically associated

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LocalTalk

LocalTalk is obsolete but its relation to Appletalk, a

popular piece of networking software is found on
every Apple brand computer
Supported by AppleTalk network protocol for
Macintosh computers
Implemented at the data link-layer
Uses network bus topology
Cost effective solutionfor connecting local
workgroups
Allows 32 active nodes within 300m area

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ARCNET

Attached Resource Computer NETwork (ARCNET)

First LAN system introduced by Datapoint
Corporation
Uses a Token Passing bus structure similar to Token
Ring
255 nodes per network and supports speed up to 20
Mbps
Supports segment length up to 600 meters
Still it is popular in robotics and industrial controls
markets

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ARCNET Devices

Active Hub Collection of 8 or 16 ports and use

BNC female connectors for connecting devices.
Isolates the port electrically
Passive Hub Splits signals and consists of 4 ports
ARCNET Card - Different types of network interface
card (NIC) can be used depending upon the type of
network topology
BNC Terminator Prevent signal reflection in
network

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ARCNET - Cables

Coaxial Cable Uses RG62 coaxial cable

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Uses RJ11 or
RJ45 connectors and maximum segment length is
400m
Fiber Optic Uses both SM and MM fibre cable

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MAN and show the diagrams of

SMDS
and
DQDB
from
CBT

MAN connects different LANs

Cover large distances to function across city
MAN Systems

Switched
Multimegabit
Data
Service (SMDS)
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Distributed
Queue
Dual Bus (DQDB)

Switched Multimegabit Data

Service (SMDS)

High speed packet-switched MAN technology used

for communication over public data networks
(PDNs)
SMDS is the first broadband service that was
provided to the public
Packets transferred are of variable length and
contains the source and destination address
Standard speed is 45 Mbps
Uses a connectionless service and less expensive
as compared to leased line

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SMDS Network Components

Provide high-speed data transmission service

Network
Components

Customer
Premises
Equipment
(CPE)
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Carrier
Equipment

Subscriber
Network
Interface
(SNI)

IEEE 802.6 Standard

Mainly developed for MANs

Uses the Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB)
network form
DQDB is Data-link layer communication protocol
Used for data, voice and video transmission based
on cell switching technology
DQDB can cover distance up to 30 miles and
supports transfer rate ranging from 34 Mbps to 154
Mbps
DQDB consists of two unidirectional buses

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Alternatives to Ethernet

Sometimes it is impossible to run Ethernet cabling

so no new wire networking technologies can be
used
In alternatives to Ethernet two or more computers
can be connected into a LAN without running a wire
Three networking technologies are:

Wireless LANs
Phone line networks
Power line networks

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Wireless LANs

Wireless networks enable the user to move around

the house and use the computer.

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Phone Line Networks - I

Phone line networks provide satisfactory

performance at a much lower cost than wireless
systems.

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Phone Line Networks II

Carries data at the rate of 1 or 10 Mbps

Intels AnyPoint are used in this network
Computers are interconnected through
parallel port

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Explain power line network

using CBT

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Summary - I

The network arrangement and data communication is

given by logical topology
Token ring and token bus are the two logical topologies
A token passing mechanism is used in both token ring
and token bus
100Base-FX, 100 Base SX and 100BaseBX and FDDI
are types of fiber LAN
Single-attached station (SAS) and Dual-attached station
(DAS) are the different types of FDDI stations
SAS is connected to the FDDI network through a single
connector called S-port

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Summary - II

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network protocol

converts data into a stream of fixed size cell before
transmission
Apple Computers has designed a protocol suite known
as AppleTalk
The network components of AppleTalk are sockets,
nodes, network and zones
Attached Resource Computer NETwork (ARCNET), the
first LAN system and supports up to 255 nodes
The different types of devices used in ARCnet are, active
hub, passive hub, ARCnet card and BNC terminator

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Summary - III

The most prominently used type of cabling for ARCnet

are, coaxial cables, UTP and fiber optic
Point-to-point, distributed star, bus, daisy chain are the
different topologies which are suitable for ARCnet
MAN uses Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)
and Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) systems
SMDS is a connectionless, high speed packet-switched
technology used for communication over public networks
DQDB is a Data-link layer communication protocol
IEEE 802.6 standard uses DQDB network form
The Ethernet alternatives are, Wireless LANs, Phone
line networks and Power line networks

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