Bio-fibre Reinforced Concrete

By:
Himalay Jariwala :12bcl014
Heena Agarwal: 13bcl002
Purvi Karanjiya:13bcl040
Urmi Morbia :13bcl058

Guided by: Prof. Sunil Raiyani

Flow of presentation
Introduction
Literature review
Objective & Scope
Work done
Mix design
Work to be done
References

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Introduction
Man made fibre : Man-made fibres or chemical fibres are fibres whose

chemical composition, structure, and properties are significantly

modified during the manufacturing process. Man-made fibres consist
of regenerated fibres and synthetic fibres.
Semi-synthetic fibres
Cellulose regenerated fibres
Synthetic fibres
Metallic fibres
Carbon fibres
Silicon carbide fibres

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Introduction
Natural fibres: Natural fibres develop or occur in the fibre shape, and

include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes.

They can be classified as :
Jute
Bamboo
Coir (Coconut)
Sisal
Wood cellulose
Elephant Grass
Banana fiber

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Sisal Fibre
Sisal plant looks like a giant pineapple plant and produces over 200-250

leaves during its life time. The dia. Of its elementary fibre is vary from 4 to
12m and length vary from 500-2500 mm. It is mainly used for ropes, mats,
carpets, reinforcement etc. The strength and stiffness of fibre depend on the
cellulose content and orientation of micro-fibres.
The advantages of sisal fibre is it has very well resistance to moist and heat
and also have good tensile strength, delay restrained plastic shrinkage.
The disadvantage of sisal fibre is that it can decomposed in alkaline
environment.

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Banana fibre
The fibre obtained from banana plant stems which is finding its

commercial use now a days. To obtain fibre, the stems stroked against
floor repeatedly until the stems become loose and are separated into
thinner ones. They are then placed in retting tank with urea (1:20
substrate: liquor ratio) for 10 days. Then the fibres are washed and air
dried.

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Coir fibre
Coir fibre is obtained from the outer layer of the fruit of coconut tree.

The outer layer is called coconut husk. The husk of the coconut
consists of a smooth waterproof outer skin and fibrous zone. The
mesocarp comprises of strands of fibro vascular bundles of coir
embedded in a non-fibrous paranchymatous corky connective tissue
usually referred to as pith which ultimately becomes coir dust. All coir
fibres fall into two different categories, white coir and brown coir. The
difference is due to conditions of husk used and method of extraction.
Coir obtained from fresh green coconut is known as white coir fibres
and it is finer than brown coir fibres obtained from seasoned coconuts.

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Jute fibre
Jute leaves are collected from jute plant & stalked into bundles. The

bundles are then taken for steeping in water. The tied bundles of jute
stalks are taken to a slow running stream which is free from pollution
as possible for retting. The bundles are steeped in water at least 60 to
90cm in depth and left for 10 days.The optimum water temperature for
retting was 26C. When the barks separate out easily from the stick,
retting is completed. When the retting is complete, fibres are ready for
extraction. Finally, the extracted fibre is washed in clean water and
hanged on bamboo railings for drying which takes 2-3 days.

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D. Verma Et. al. Coir Fiber Reinforcement and Application in Polymer

Composites, J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 4 (2) 263-276.[1]
The present review has been undertaken, with an objective to explore the potential

of the Coir fibre polymer composites and to study the mechanical properties of
composites.
The present review reports the use of Coir fibers, as reinforcements in polymer

matrix. This review focussed at providing knowledge to enhance further research in

this area.
The possibility of surface chemical modification of Coir fibres have been

extensively used in a wide variety of application. The present contribution defines

some selected works in the field of Coir fibres. The influence of the source of Coir
fibre on the mechanical properties of bio composites was reported.

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T Manasa Et. al.- Bio fibre Reinforced Concrete Advances in Structural

Engineering, Springer India, 2(16), 1655-1672. [2]
This paper represents the results of the concrete made by using bio fibres. Fibres such

as Sida Cordifolia plant fibre (SICOF), Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF), Banana fibre
(MUSAF) and Bagasse (BAGAF) were used. These fibres were used to reinforce
concrete and then study the mechanical properties for these fibres.
An optimum content for 0.25% of concrete had to be added. On adding these fibres, the

compressive and split- tensile stress increased drastically, but no significant increase in
flexural strength is observed.
Best results were given by SICOF and MUSAF. SICOF increased the split tensile

strength will MUSAF increased compressive strength values. The combinations tried
are SICOF-PALF (SP), SICOF-MUSAF (SM), SICOFBAGAF (SB) & PALF-MUSAF
(PM). Out of these, the combination SM gave excellent results both in improving
compressive and flexural strengths. The behaviour of the combination SB is peculiar
and needs a further study.

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Objective
Comparative study will be done to study the mechanical properties of control concrete

with different kind of bio fibre reinforced concrete.

Scope
Study literature review of bio fibres and its uses in concrete.
Testing the basic property of materials used in Bio fibre reinforced concrete.
3 cubes for compressive strength and 3 cylinders for split tensile strength by using

natural fibres like sisal, banana coir, jute, bagasse as per IS 10262:2009
Parametric study of Bio fibre reinforced concrete.

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Work done
Various tests were performed prepare the mix design. The results are as

under :

12

Test

Result

Consistency (5%bagasse and 95%

cement)

34.5%

Water absorption (coir fibre)

93%

Water absorption (banana fibre)

407%

Water absorption (Sisal fibre)

110%

Water absorption (Jute fibre)

13%

Specific gravity (CA)

2.7

Specific gravity (FA)

2.5

Water absorption (CA)

1.5%

Water absorption (FA)

4.16

Specific gravity (bagasse)

1.1

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Specific
Gravity (cement)

3.15

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Work done

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Material

Specific gravity

Coir Fibre

1.177

Banana Fibre

1.031

Sisal Fibre

1.37

Jute Fibre

1.460

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Mix design

14

Cemen Water
t (kg)
(kg)

Bagas
se
(kg)

Coir

0.70

0.052

2.26

1.23

0.0098

Banan
a

0.72

0.052

2.26

1.23

0.0086

Sisal

0.70

0.052

2.26

1.23

0.011

Jute

0.69

0.052

2.26

1.23

0.0122

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CA
(kg)

FA
(kg)

Fibre
(kg)

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Sampling and Testing

Fiber cutting
The Fibers were cut in the size of 40mm each.

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Continued
Mixing.

- All materials except the fibers were dry mixed.

- Fibers were then mixed along with water.

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Continued
Sample Testing

- All 3 batches of fiber bagasse mix concrete

were tested at the end of 28 days and average
Compression and Split Tensile Strength were
obtained.

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Continued

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Continued
Result

- After examining closely the inside matrix of

tested samples, we can see the actual
arrangement of fibers with the aggregates.

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Test results

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Fibre

Cube

Cylinder

Coir

Compressive
strength
(KN to MPa)

Split Tensile strength

(KN to Mpa)

Sample 1

405 18

160 2.264

Sample 2

410 18.22

145 2.05

Sample 3

409 18.1

151 2.13

Average

408 18.1

152 2.148

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Test results

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Fibre

Cube

Cylinder

Jute

Compressive
strength
(KN to MPa)

Split Tensile strength

(KN to Mpa)

Sample 1

490 21.78

160 2.26

Sample 2

600 26.6

150 2.12

Sample 3

580 25.77

170 2.4

Average

556.66 24.71

160 2.26

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Test results

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Fibre

Cube

Cylinder

Banana

Compressive
strength
(KN to MPa)

Split Tensile strength

(KN to Mpa)

Sample 1

490 21.56

160 2.26

Sample 2

470 20.68

165 2.3

Sample 3

400 17.6

160 2.26

Average

453.33 20

161.66 2.38

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Graph

Compressive

30
24.71

25

20

21.2

20
18.1

15

10

5
2.15
0

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Coir

2.26

Jute

2.38

2.9

Banana Controlled concrete

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References
1.

A Review D. Verma, P.C. Gope, A. Shandilya, A. Gupta, M.K. Maheshwari, (2013),

Coir Fibre Reinforcement and Application in Polymer Composites, J. Mater.
Environ. Sci. 4 (2) 263-276.

2.

T Manasa,T Parvej, T SambaSiva Rao, M Hemambar Babu, Sunil Raiyani, (2015)

Biofibre Reinforced Concrete, Advances in Structural Engineering, Springer
India, 2(16), 1655-1672.

3.

IS 10262:2009, Indian Standard Concrete Mix Proportioning-Guidelines (First

Revision)

4.

Balaguru, P. (1985), Alternative reinforcing materials for less developed

countries, International Journal for Development Technology,3, 87-107

5.

Balaguru, P. (1994), Contribution of fibers to crack reduction of cement composites

during the initial and final setting period, ACI Materials Journal, 91(3) 280-288.

6.

IS 2386 (part 3), specific gravity and water absorption test.

7.

IS 4031 (part 4), Methods of

physical tests for hydraulic

cement
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