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Seismic resistant

reinforcing bar

Earthquake

Failure modes under earthquakes loadings

Shaking of the surface of earth resulting from abrupt release of energy in


earths crust that creates seismic waves

Earthquakes are measured through observation using seismometers

The size of earthquakes in terms of energy released is scaled by


1) Moment Magnitude Scale, MMS
2) Richter Magnitude Scale

Moment Magnitude vs Richter Magnitude


Moment Magnitude Scale, MW

Richter Magnitude Scale ML

Developed in 1970s

Developed in 1930s

Scale applicable globally

Scale specific to California earthquake

Medium to large size earthquake

Small to medium size earthquake

Accuracy increases with size of


earthquake

Accuracy decreases with size of


earthquake >7

High accuracy even if earthquake


occurs miles from earths epicenter

Unable to estimate readings if


earthquake is too far from epicenter

Earthquake

The earth plates shakes longitudinally for several seconds before shaking
transversely. Transverse wave is the most damaging factor to buildings.

Failure mode of building induced by earthquake is mainly high-strain and low


cyclic fatigue failure

As per Eurocode No.8 for seismic design, the following points must be met

a)

The steel should have a yield strength of 400 to 500 MPa.

b)

Welding is not permitted in critical regions of the structure

c) Steel rebars should also have an ultimate tensile strength to yield strength
ratio higher than 1.20, the elongation at maximum load in a tensile test
should exceed 8%, and the ratio of actual yield to nominal should not exceed
1.20.

Standard
Specifications

AS/NZS 4671: 2001

SS2: 1999

MS146 : 2014

JIS 3112

Grade

Yield min (N/mm2)

Tensile min (N/mm2)

TS/YS

Agt (min %)

250N

250

270

1.08

300E
500N

300 - 380
500 - 650

345 - 570
540 - 702

1.15
1.08

15
5

500E

500 - 600

575 - 840

1.15 - 1.40

10

500L
G300
G500
G250
G460
G500A
G500B
G500C
SD295A
SD295B
SD345
SD390
SD490

500 - 750
300
500
250
460
500
500
500
295
295 - 390
345 - 440
390 - 510
490 - 625

515 - 773
330
550
263
483
525
540
575, <675
440 - 600
440
490
560
620

1.03
1.1
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.08
1.15, <1.35
1.5
1.1 - 1.5
1.1 - 1.4
1.1 - 1.8
1.26

1.5
2.5
2.5b
5.0
7.5
17
17
19
17
13

MS 146: 2014

Testing include:

Fatigue Testing

Description

Testing frequency

Upper, middle and bottom of diameter range of a diameter


shall be tested at least one a year, test sample shall be
selected so that all dimension tested over 5 years period

Sampling

5 pieces of bar for each diameter without defect

Testing method & requirement

Bar size, mm

Stress range, MPa

16

200

>16 20

185

> 20 25

170

>25 32

160

> 32

150

Retest

Shall survive
5 million
stress cycle

If one of the 5 test pcs produces a valid failure, another 5


samples from test unit shall be tested

Deformed bar bend test


Standard

Grade

Nominal size,
mm

Former size,
mm

Bending angle

MS 146: 2014

500A, 500B,
500C

6 - 50

4d to 7d

180o

Dimensions Tolerances
Item

MS 146: 2014

Cut length

Nominal length : -0mm / + 100mm

Mass

- For nominal size 8mm: Tolerance o


n mass per metre run = 6.5%
- For norminal size > 8mm: Tolerance
on mass per metre run = 4.5%

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