Linear Procedures in Seismic

Performance Analysis of
Different Vertical Structures
in Valenzuela City
Kenneth Cabacungan
Angelina Cruz
Althea Delos Santos
Christine Grace Villarazo
B.S. Civil Engineering

Goals & Objectives

This research aims to provide a general statement of the
seismic performance of vertical structures in Valenzuela
based from selected buildings, which represent the ideal
samples based on the prescribed criteria of the methodology.
The goal is to create a methodology based on linear
principles of structural analysis. Time is the greatest
constraint of this study and a linear approach retrieves data
faster than its non-linear counterpartnever to mention the
number of prescribed samples (three*), which is fairly plenty.

Goals & Objectives

At the end of the study, certain inquiries are expected to be
provided with answers supported by the findings. These are some of
the questions:
How safe it is to dwell in those structures?
Which parts of the structures are weakest and need to be
strengthened? How shall those be addressed?
How does the evaluation of selected buildings reflect the general
seismic performance of vertical structures in Valenzuela city?

Scope of the Study

Emphasis is given on the evaluation of seismic
performance of existing structures. Vicinities of
each structures shall also be considered in the
study since seismic activity affects first the
ground.
Ideal subjects shall be those that are centre of
commerce; built on elevated ground; or located
within 10 Km from an active fault line. Moreover,
selection of subjects will be biased on structures

Limitations
The study is greatly limited of resources,
especially of time and financial resources, since
this is of undergraduate level. So, a detailed Gantt
Chart that shows the schedule of research
activities is prepared. Cost estimations shall also
be prepared.
Limited prior knowledge and skills of the
researchers in technical aspects, such as
modelling and analysis using prescribed software,

Limitations
In terms of literary sources, it is an
advantage that the internet is now easily
accessible for information. Most of the
references of this research is published online.
But, it can also be a weak point of this study
since the internet is also shared with
unrecognized and informal contributors,

Methodology
Initial
Requirem
ents and
Selection

Tier 1 Screening

Tier 2 Deficiency
-Based
Evaluation
and
Retrofit

Analysis
and
Evaluation
Report

Methodology: Initial Requirements and

Selection
Random Arbitration for Master List: Three*
structures: 1 center of commerce, 1 built
on elevated ground, 1 within 10-Km nearfault zone
ASCE 41-13: Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit
of Existing Buildings

Methodology: Initial Requirements and

Selection
Performance Objective:
Seismic Hazard: Location relative to faults,
site geotechnical features, specified hazard
levels (Life Safety and Immediate Occupancy)
Structural Performance Level
Non-Structural Performance Level

Methodology: Initial Requirements and

Selection
Level of
Seismicity

Methodology: Initial Requirements and

Selection
As-Built Information

Field Observation of Exposed Conditions

As-Built Documents
Reference Codes (NSCP 1992 or 2001)
Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing
Interview with Stakeholders

Building Type

Methodology: Tier 1 - Screening

If the building meets the benchmark Building
criteria, it has passed the seismic evaluation
and needs no further assessment except for its
non-structural elements.
If not, a series of checklist based on the
building type will be checked for deficiencies
before proceeding to Tier 2.

Methodology: Tier 2 DeficiencyBased Evaluation and Retrofit

This intends to identify any weak links in the
building through linear analysis and the
deficiencies that are identified in the Tier 1 Phase
are analyzed. The building is evaluated at the
expected displacement of the structure during
the demand earthquake.
Propose necessary solutions and retrofits.

Methodology: Analysis and

Evaluation Report
The analysis need only be used to determine
demands, capacities, and acceptance criteria for
those elements that the Tier 2 procedures
designate to be evaluated.
General analysis requirements are specified for
gravity loads, primary and secondary
components, damping, foundation modeling,
multidirectional excitation, vertical seismic
effects, P- effects, overturning, diaphragms,

Progress and Scheduling (As of Friday, 15 July

2016)

Overall Progress

Interpretation and Conclusion

Final Output and Defense

Revisions
Manuscript

October

Analysis of Data
Manual Computations
Computer Simulations and
Computations

September

Hands-On Work
Software Training
Subject Sampling
Testing & Inspection
Structure No. 1
Structure No. 2
Structure No. 3

August

Literary Works
Review of Related Literature
Goal Setting and Subject Narrowing
Title Proposal
Formulation of Methodology

July

Progress and Scheduling (As of Friday, 22 July

2016)

Overall Progress

Interpretation and Conclusion

Final Output and Defense

Revisions
Manuscript

October

Analysis of Data
Manual Computations
Computer Simulations and
Computations

September

Hands-On Work
Software Training
Subject Sampling
Testing & Inspection
Structure No. 1
Structure No. 2
Structure No. 3

August

Literary Works
Review of Related Literature
Goal Setting and Subject Narrowing
Title Proposal
Formulation of Methodology

July

References
National Structural Code of the Philippines 2010. Association of Structural
Engineers of the Philippines
Earthquake Impact Reduction Study for Metropolitan Manila, Republic of the
Philippines. Japan International Cooperation Agency, Metropolitan Manila
Development Agency, and Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology.
March 2004
The Big One Could Kill 34,000 in the Philippines. Sabillo, K. A., Inquirer.net.
July 2015. http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/709030/the-big-one-could-kill-34000.
Retrieved June 2016
The Valley Fault System Atlas in Greater Manila Area. Department of Science
and Technology Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. May 2015
What dangers await when the West Valley Fault Moves?. Rappler.com. May
2015. http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/disasters/knowledge-base/93746maps-west-valley-fault-earthquake-scenarios. Retrieved June 2016

References
Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Structures. Sahin, S.. 2014
Assessment of Modal Pushover Analysis Procedure and Its
Application to Seismic Evaluation of Existing Buildings. Yu, et. Al..
August 2004
Structural Engineering Assessments of Existing Buildings. Ireland
and Koerth. 2012
Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings.
American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013