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Second level
Third level

LISTENING
STRATEGIES
Fourth level
Fifth level
RATIH WULANDARI HIDAYAT

What are Listening

Strategies
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Second level
Third
level
Are
Techniques
or activities that
Fourth level
contribute
directly to the
Fifth level
comprehension and recall of
listening input

Listening Strategies
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Listening strategies can be
Second level
classified by how the listener
Third level
processes
Fourth levelthe input, these are :
Fifth level
Top Down
Strategies
Bottom Down Strategies
Metacognitive

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Second level
Third level

TOP-DOWN
STRATEGIES
Fourth level
Fifth level

TOP-DOWN STRATEGIES
Top-down
strategies
listener
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Masterare
text
styles based;
the Second
listenerlevel
taps into background
knowledge
of the topic, the situation or
Third level
context,
the level
type of text, and the
Fourth
level
language. Fifth
This
background knowledge
activates a set of expectations that
help the listener to interpret what
is heard and anticipate what will
come next.

Top-down
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include
Second level
:
Third level

Listening
for the main
Fourth level
idea Fifth level
Predicting
Drawing inferences
Summarizing

TOP DOWN LISTENING

STRATEGIES
Top down strategy focuses on content. Student
Click
to edit
Masteroftext
styles
can
predict
the content
listening
activity
beforehand
Second and
leveluse various materials such as
picture
and level
key words to understand the
Third
meaning.
This strategy is more broad approach
Fourth level
than bottom up
and related with daily live. When we
Fifth level
watch drama or movie, we usually focus on whole
meaning, not structure or forms. Likewise, we listen
to news program to grasp overall content and music
by understanding the whole meaning. Some people
do these activities by using bottom up strategy,
but this is rare case. The materials that can use in
top down are prevalent . Teacher can used
authentic information. When student listen to real

TOP DOWN LISTENING ACTIVITIES

Putting a series of picture or sequence of
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events in order
Second level
Listening
to conversation and identify
Third level
where they take place
Fourth level
Reading information
about a topic then
Fifth level
listening to find whether or not the same
points are mentioned
inferring the relationship between the
people involved

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Second level

BOTTOM-UP
Fourth level
STRATEGIES
Fifth level

Third level

BOTTOM-UP STRATEGIES
Bottom-up strategies are text based;
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the listener relies on the language in the
Second level
message,
that is, the combination of
Third level
sounds, words,
and
grammar
that
creates
Fourth level
meaning. Fifth level
Bottom-up strategies include

listening for specific details

recognizing cognates
recognizing word-order patterns

BOTTOM UP LISTENING
STRATEGIES
Bottom up strategy is to know about details and
Click toIt concentrates
segments.
of forms
and
structure. Thus,
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text
styles
this activity is more related with academic study. English
Second
level
learning
students
use this activity to enhance their
Third
level
listening
ability.
Dictation and listening test are include
in this. In class,
filllevel
in the blank/s activity can increase
Fourth
students awareness
of form. However, bottom up
Fifth level
strategy doesnt mean that it excludes all authentic things.
When we need deep concentration on details, we use this
activity. For example, weather forecast, phone number,
and advertisement having implied meaning need special
focus on details to understand. Besides, tongue twists
can a good exercise for students to notice subtle difference
in various English forms and pronunciation.

TONGUE TWISTER

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Howlevel
much
Second

dew does a
Third level
dewdrop drop
Fourth level
if dewdrop
do drop dew ?
Fifth level
They do drop, they do
As do dewdrops drop
If dewdrops do drop dew

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Second level
Third level

Fourth level listening depends

Successful
Fifth level
on the ability to combine Top
Down and Bottom up
Processing

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Second level

We
Thirdhave
level two ears and only
Fourth level
one
tongue
in
order
that
we
Fifth level
may hear more and speak less

- Diogenes Laertius-

REFERENCES
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http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/listenin
Second level
g/stratlisten.htm
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level