Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
presentation:
Prsente par:
Sara HATTAN
Rania ARABYECH
Introduction
GSM system is a frequency- and timedivision cellular system, each physical
channel is characterized by a carrier
frequency and a time slot number
Cellular systems are designed to operate
with groups of low-power radios spread
out over the geographical service area.
Each group of radios serve MSs
presently located near them. The area
served by each group of radios is called a
CELL
GSM
Architecture
GSM Architecture
ME- Mobile
Equipement
IMEI- International
Identity
Mobile
Equipment
TMSI: Temporary
Mobile Subscriber
Identity
Protect the subscriber from
being identified by someone
attempting to monitor the radio
interface.
The TMSI is a local number and
is always allocated by the VLR.
CC-Country code
XCDR :Transcoder
transcoder.
or
RXCDR:
Remote
BSIC - Base
Station Identity
Code
10
11
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XCDR - Transcoder
The speech transcoder is the interface between the 64 kbit/s PCM
channel in the land network and the 13 kbit/s vocoder channel used
on the Air Interface
The XCDR can multiplex 4 traffic channels into a single 64 kbit/s
timeslot. Thus a E1/T1 serial link can carry 4 times as many channels.
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NSS: Network
SubSystem
15
17
20
GSM Interfaces:
Air Interface.
Terrestrial Interface.
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Frequency
Allocation
22
Frequency Band
GSM900
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Frequency
Allocation
ARFCN 900[80-124]
BCCH [80-99]
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TCH[100-124]
Concept of Frequency
Reuse
25
Reuse Density
f reuse n m
26
Adjacent channels
Interference
The template of a channel is not steep sides
so it will extend to the adjacent channels
interference due to the frequency
Multi-path signal Interference
Multiple Access
Technique:
28
FDMA:
o FDMA uses different
frequency channels to
accomplish communication.
o The whole frequency
spectrum available is
divided into many individual
channels (for transmitting
and receiving) every
channel can support the
traffic for one subscriber or
some control information.
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TDMA:
o TDMA accomplishes the
communication in different
timeslot.
o A carrier is divided into
channels based on time.
Different signals occupy
different timeslots in
certain sequence , that is ,
many signals are
transmitted on the same
frequency in different time.
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Channel
Concept:
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Channel:
Physical
Channel:
Logical
Channel:
Variety of information is
transmitted between the MS
and BTS. There are different
logical channels depending
on the information sent.
The logical channels are of
two types:
Traffic channel
Control channel
Each timeslot on a
carrier is referred to as a
physical channel. Per
carrier there are 8
physical channels.
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Logical Chanel:
Many types of logical channels exists, eachdesigned to carry a
different message to or from an MS.
There are several types of burst. The relationship between
burstsand logical channels is shown
in this figure.
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Type of BURST:
Frequency
Correction
BURST:
Normal
BURST:
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Type of BURST:
Synchronisati
on BURST:
Enables MS to synchronise
its timings with BTS.
Access
BURST:
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Dummy
BURST:
Transmitted on the
unused timeslots
of the BCCH
carrier in the
downlink.
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Speech
Processing:
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Voice Signal
Processing:
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Channel Coding:
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Interleaving:
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Ciphering:
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Call Flow:
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Handover
46
Types Handover
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Intra-cell
Handover
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Intra-BSC
Handover
49
Intra-MSC
Handover
50
Inter-MSC
Handover
51
Interferences
Solutions
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Frequency
Hopping:
Hopping can be
implemented in two
ways:
Class according to
the min hopping
time unit:
Base-band hopping.
Timeslot hopping.
RF hopping.
Frame hopping.
53
Hopping
Parameters:
Mobile Allocation
(MA): Set of frequencies
the mobile is allowed to
hop over.
Mobile Allocation
Indicator (MAI): Defines a
hopping system made up by
an associated set of
frequencies (MA) to hop
over and a hopping
sequence (HSN) and
(MAIO).
Hopping Sequence
Number (HSN):
Determines the hopping
order used in the cell.
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Frame Hopping:
Frequency changes every TDMA frame. The different channel of
one TRX uses the same MAIO.
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Timeslot Hopping:
Frequency changes every timeslot. The different
channel of one TRX uses the different MAIO.
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Power Control:
WHY?
After using
TA
Distance increase
Transmission delay
increase
Inter-code interference:
if the delay is too high, the
timeslots of the signal from
a certain mobile station and
that of the next signal from
another mobile station
received by the base station 59
will overlap each other
DTX:
Discontinuous
Transmission
DTX: Discontinuous
Transmission
Shut off the transmission at voice
intervals
Only transmit SID frames
The transcoder at the RX terminal
produces comfortable noise