Indian Geography

Physical geo of India

Geological history of
India
Physiography of India
Indian weather: seasons
Climatic regions of India
Soils of India

Geological history of India

Pre-Cambrian
era
India part of
Gondwana land

Pre-Cambrian era

Arav
alli
Dhraw
ad

Singhbh
um

Indian Peninsular
plate =Oldest
crustal block of India
Collision between 3
proto continents
1) Aravalli
2) Dharwad
3) Singhbhum

Pre-Cambrian era

N
a

a
God
i

a
arm

Son

var

3 lineaments
1) Narmada
2) Son
3) Godawari
Remmenants:
Aravalli R, Dharwad
plt, Singhbhum plt

Pre-Cambrian era
Geosynclines at
margins of Protocontinents:
1) Aravalli
2) Vindhyan
3) Satpura
4) Eastern Ghats
5) Bijawal

Gondwana times

a
ah
M
i

av

d
na

d
Go
i

Na
a

n Da
o
m
d S
a
od
rm

ar

ar

Reactivation of
Narmada SonGodawari lineament
Rifting of Mahanadi
and Damodar valley
Submergence of
forest-Development
of coalfields

Gondwana times

Faulting along
western edge
of peninsular
plateau

Mesozoic time

150 ml yrs ago

Indian plate
broke from
Gondwana land
Started
northward
journey
15 ml yrs ago
India broke from
Madagascar

Late Cretaceous
India move over
Reunion Islands
Hotspot volcanism
Deccan lava plateau
Narrowing of Tethys
sea

Tertiary time
Collision
between Indian
plate and
Eurasian plate
Upliftment of
Himalayas

Tertiary Time

Slope:
South
eastern

The jerk activation of

crack created at
western margin of
peninsula
Breaking of western
part subsidence
peninsula raised at
western side
Tilted on west-east
direction
Western ghats = horst

Tertiary time
1
2
3

3 phases of
formation of
Himalayas:
1) Great Himalayas
(Oligo-Eocene)
2) Mid-Himalayas
(Miocene)
3) Outer-Himalayas
(Pleistocene)

Tertiary time
Late
Pleistocene
formation
of Northern
plains
Sediments
from
Himalayan
rivers