Topic 2

SC015 Session 2016/2017

Computer System
1

2.1 SYSTEM CONCEPT

2.1.1 Overview of Computer System
2.1.2 Data Representation
2.1.3 Storage Capacity

Learning Outcome
2

2.1.1 Overview of Computer System

Describe the operations involved in information
processing cycle.
2.1.2 Data Representation
Explain data representation in computer.
2.1.3 Storage Capacity
Differentiate various storage capacity.

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

System
3

Learning Outcome
Describe the operations involved in information
processing cycle.

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

4
System

What is a Computer?

An electronic device (machine),

(machine) that performs four

basic operations: input, processing, output and

storage.
OR
An electronic device,
device operating under the control
of instructions stored in its own memory, that:

accept data,
data
process data,
data
produce results,
results &
store results for future use.
use

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

5
System
Computer-based Information Processing /

Information Processing Cycle :

Series of input,
input process,
process output,
output and storage
activities performed by a computer.

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

System
What
is the difference between data and
information?

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

System

Computers process data into information

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

System

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

9
System

Computer-based Information Processing /

Information Processing Cycle :

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

10
System
Information Processing Cycle:
Cycle
Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model

Input
Input

Process
Process

Storage
Storage

Output
Output

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

11
System

A Computer System is :

A collection of related computer components

(hardware & software) that have been designed
to work together smoothly.
Computer Are Your Future
(Twelfth Edition)

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

12
System

The Components of a Computer:

Computer Hardware

2.1.1 Overview of Computer

13
System

The Components of a Computer:

Computer Software

2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION

14

Learning Outcome
Explain data representation in computer.

2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION

15

How computers represent data?

2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION

16

How computers represent data?

Data & instructions can be represented electronically

by using two unique binary digits 1 (on) and 0 (off)

Eight bits is combined together to represent a
character/data.
Binary
Binary
Digit
Digit
(BIT)
(BIT)

Electronic
Electronic Electronic
Electronic
Charge
State
Charge
State

Computer
Computer
recognizes
recognizes only
only two
two
discrete
discrete electrical
electrical
states
states
((on
on and
and off
off ))

2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION

17

What is Bit?
Bit
The smallest unit of data a computer can process

consists of 1 (on) or 0(off).

1 and 0 is a natural language of a computer

2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION

18

What is Byte?
Byte
Eight bits grouped together (e.g.:11110000) as a unit.
A byte provide enough different combinations of 1s and

0s to represent 256 individual characters

(digits, uppercase, lowercase letters, punctuation marks
or any symbol) in computer.

2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION

19

Common keyboard
characters and their
equivalent binary numbers
representation

2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION

20

The figure
shows how
a letter is
converted
to binary
form and
back

2.1.2 DATA REPRESENTATION

21

The Difference between Bit and Byte?

Byte

Size
(the amount
of
information
stored)

Usage

Bit

Byte

The smallest unit of

data a computer can
process that consist
0 (off) or 1 (on).

Eight bits grouped

together as a unit to
store a single
character up to 256
individual characters

Use to measure data

transfer rate of
computer
communications
devices.

Use to measure
storage capacity.
(KB,MB,GB,TB,PB)

2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY

22

Learning Outcome
Differentiate various storage capacity.

2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY

23

Storage capacity refers to how much disk space one

or more storage devices provides.
Measured in units such as Kilobyte (KB),
KB Megabyte
(MB),
MB Gigabyte (GB),
GB Terabyte (TB),
TB Petabyte (PB).
PB

2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY

24

Table of Storage Capacity

Term
Kilobyte

Approxim
ate
Abbreviat Number
Exact Number of Binary
ion
of Bytes
Bytes
Power
KB
1 thousand 1,024
2^10

Decim
al
Power
10^3

Megabyt MB
e
Gigabyte GB

1 million

1,048,576

2^20

10^6

1 billion

1,073,741,824

2^30

10^9

Terabyte TB

1 trillion

1,099,511,627,776 2^40

10^12

Petabyte PB

1
quadrillion

1,125,899,906,842 2^50
,624

10^15

2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY

25

Example 1: Convert 1GB to KB

/1024

Byte

x1024

/1024

KB

/1024

MB

x1024

1GB = 1 x 1024 x
1024 or
= 1 048 576 KB

GB

x1024

/1024

TB

x1024

/1024

PB

x1024

1GB = 1 x 210 x 210

= 220 KB
= 1 048 576 KB

2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY

26

Example 2: Convert TB to PB

/1024

Byte

x1024

/1024

KB

/1024

MB

x1024

GB

x1024

/1024

/1024

TB

x1024

PB

x1024

1200 TB = 1200 /
1024
= 1.17

2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY

27

Typical storage and capacities.

Storage
Tape drive

Capacity
A few hundred kilobytes
to several terabytes

Diskette
CD-ROM

1.44 MB
650 MB 700MB

Hard disks
External hard
disk

Up to 4TB or more

2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY

28

Sony's new magnetic tape technology e

nables 185 TB cartridges

2.1.3 STORAGE
CAPACITY

Optical Disc
08/09/16

2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY

30

Storage capacities of DVDs & Blu-ray Discs.

DVD and Blu-ray Storage Capacities

Sides Layers

DVD

Blu-ray

4.7 GB

25 GB

8.5 GB

50 GB

9.4 GB

50 GB

17 GB

100 GB

2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY

31

Blu-ray Disc

2.1.3 STORAGE CAPACITY

32

Storage capacities of Flash Memory Storage.

Storage
Solid State
Drives(SSD)

Capacities
16GB 256GB

Memory cards
Compact Flash(CF)
Secure Digital(SD)
SDHC
XD Picture Card

512MB 100GB
512MB 8GB
4GB 32GB
256MB 2GB

USB Flash Drive

512MB 100GB

33

Convert 500MB into KB, GB and TB

Convert 8 GB to MB, B, TB

Chapter Concept :
Topic 2.1 System Concept
34

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Define computer.
Describe Information Processing Cycle/Computer
based Information Processing.
Explain data.
Explain information.
Describe Input.
Describe Process.
Describe Output.
Describe Storage
Illustrate the IPO Model.
Describe computer system.
Discuss how computer represents data.
Explain bit.
Explain byte

Chapter Concept :
Topic 2.1 System Concept
35

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Differentiate between bit and byte.

Define storage capacity.
List the terms used to measure storage capacity.
Illustrate the conversion between the storage
capacity.
Identify the storage media and its capacity.

RECAP
36

1.

A byte is formed by a group of ______________

2.

Desktop, media center, notebook, netbook, tablet PC, and handheld

computers are classified as ________________________.

1.

The most widely used handheld computers are

___________________________.

1.

A specific type of notebook computer that accepts handwriting is

called a ____________________.

1.

____________computers are not nearly as powerful as

supercomputers, but are capable of great processing speeds and data
storage.


.
37

1.

All of the following are commonly used units of measurement to

describe memory capacity, except:
A. Megabyte (MB)
B. Gigabyte (GB)
C. Terabyte (TB)
D. Nanobyte (NB)

1.

Insurance companies are most likely to use personal computers to

process information about millions of policyholders. (T / F)

1.

Two important components of the system unit are the

microprocessor and the hard disk. (T / F)

2.

Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and

sounds, are called ____________

38

1.

_____ are cell phones with wireless connections to the Internet.

1.

Through ____________________, health-care professionals in

separate locations conduct live conferences on the computer.

2.

A(n) ____ is an electronic device, operating under the control of

instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process
the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the
results for future use.
________________conveys meaning and is useful to people.

3.
1.

Some people refer to the series of input, process, output, and storage
activities of a computer as ___________________________

39
1.

Which of the following is NOT true of mobile devices?

A.You often can connect a mobile device to a personal computer to exchange
information between the computer and the mobile device.
B.Some mobile devices are Internet-enabled, meaning they can connect to the
Internet wirelessly.
C.Mobile devices usually have disk drives.
D.Because of their reduced size, the screens on mobile devices are small, but
usually are in color.

1.

Breakthroughs in surgery, medicine, and treatments seldom result

from scientists use of computers. (T / F)

1.

Industries use ____________________ to shorten a products

time to market, reduce product development costs, and stay ahead of
the competition.