Course Outline

TOPIC

Introduction to IT

Mode:
2 x Lecture
1 x Practical Lab
2 x Tutorial

Assessment:
Quiz
5%
Assignment 5%
Practical
20%
Final Exam 70%

17

12

Network Basics
The Internet
Internet Services
Types of Website

Computer Ethics and Security

System Concept
Number system and Representation
Information Coding Scheme
Logic Gate and Simple Logic Circuit
Hardware
Software

Internet Technology

NO. OF
QUIZ

Overview of IT

Computer System

HOUR

Computer Ethics
Computer Security

Topic 1

1.1 Overview of
Information
Technology

Intro video

a.

Explain Information Technology.

b.

Discuss the applications of Information

Technology.

c.

Explain different categories of computers

a.

Explain Information Technology.

Definition of Information Technology
Advantages and disadvantages of Information
Technology

b.

Discuss the applications of Information

Technology.

c.

Explain different categories of computers

4

Define IT.
IT is ..

Advantages of IT vs Disadvantages of IT.

Advantage

List applications of IT in certain field.

1.
2.
3.

4.

Disadvantage

.
.
.
..

5.

6.

7.

8.

Example of IT applications in each field.

Field

Example of applications
5

Information Technology (IT) is defined

as the use of
computer hardware and software to store,
retrieve, and manipulate information.

computer hardware
and software

http://www.mariosalexandrou.com/definition.asp

http://ccs.mit.edu/21c/iokey.html

store, retrieve &

manipulate

information
6

 Easier

Communication :

With the help of information technology, communication has

also become cheaper, quicker, and more efficient. We can now

communicate with anyone around the world through email, or
using the social network services (Face book, Twitter, Instagram)

Creation

of new jobs :

Creation of new and interesting jobs such as Computer

programmers, Systems analyzers, Hardware and Software

developers and Web designers are examples of new job
opportunities created with the help of IT.
7

 Globalization

of knowledge:

Today you can use the internet to get the latest news from

any country on the globe. Services like Twitter and

Wikipedia are well equipped with data on about anything.
Improves

data storage and file management:

Information and data are very important tools, so it is very

essential to store them safely and also access them at any

time of need. With services like Dropbox, we can store
and backup data, and can access data any time any where.

 Social

implications :

With the increased addiction to social networks and

internet games, people are spending more time on

computers and give up on their normal life.
Over

dependence on information technology makes

students less active and innovative.
Students no longer take time to solve problems and tasks,

all they do is query that task in a search engine and a

solution will be provided.

 Unemployment

Information Technology has replaced most positions which

humans used to take up. Accounting is now being done by

software, so accountants run out of opportunities.
Internet

security issues :

For customers to perform online transactions, they have to

provide their personal details. Experienced hackers can use

this lop hole to channel this information and use it for their
own needs.
10

b.

Discuss the applications of Information

Technology.
Education, Finance, Government, Health Care, Science,

Publishing, Travel, Manufacturing

11

Education
Finance
Government
Health Care
12

Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
13

Field : Education

Today, educators are turning to computers to assist with

education. Many schools & companies equip labs &
classrooms with computers.
Usage:
o Teachers : use IT to do research for teaching materials,
participate in online forum and online reference, use
software (prepare lecture notes)
o Students : use IT as reference tools for finding information
in the Internet
o School Administrators : use IT for keeping students and
teachers record
14

Field : Education

Example of applications:
Courseware
Educational portal (e-portal)
Web based learning
Learning Management System

Courseware:
Computer programs or other material
designed for use in an educational or
training course.

15

Field : Education

Web-based learning / E-portal / Educational portal:

A method of learning in which students choose their materials

and use them to study on their own.

Learning process using or via Internet (e.g.: online tuition).
Students are able to access materials anytime and any where

16

Field : Education

Learning Management System

A learning management system (LMS) is a software

application for the administration, documentation, tracking,

reporting and delivery of electronic educational technology,
education courses or training programs.

17

Field : Finance

Many people & companies use computers to help manage

their finances.
Usage:

Companies use IT ( finance software) to balance checkbooks, pay bills,

track personal income and expenses, manage investment, and evaluate
financial plans.

Example of applications:
Online banking.
Finance Investment System / Online Investing.
Electronic Payment System (EPS).
18

Field : Finance

Online banking:
Is an electronic payment system that enables customers of
a bank to conduct financial transactions (access account
balances, pay bills & copy monthly transactions) on a
website operated by the bank.
E.g.: Maybank2u, CIMBClicks,

iRakyat, Amonline

19

Field : Finance

Finance Investment System / Online Investing:

A system that allow investors buy and sells stocks & bonds
online, with / without using a broker.
E.g.: Permodalan Nasional Berhad
(PNB), Bursa Malaysia.

20

Field : Finance

Electronic Payment System (EPS):

Electronic Payment System is a financial exchange that
takes place online between buyers and sellers, i.e. a means
of making payments over an electronic network such as the
Internet.
E.g.: Malaysian EPS
(MEPS).

21

Field : Government

Most government offices have their own Web sites to provide

society with up-to-date information & services.

Usage:

To provide citizens with up-to-date information through the

government Web sites

Helps to enhance the convenience, accessibility, and quality of

interactions between the government and the citizens.

Employees of government agencies use IT as part of their daily routine

22

Field : Government

Example of applications:
myGovernment.
e-Filing.
e-Penyata Gaji & Laporan.
HRMIS Aplikasi Sistem Maklumat
Pengurusan Sumber Manusia.
Portal Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam.
e-SPKB Sistem Perancangan Kawalan
Belanjawan Elektronik.
e-Perolehan The Electronic Procurement
System.

23

Field :Government

e-Filing:
Online system
for declaring
tax.

24

Field : Government

e-Penyata Gaji & Laporan:

Online system that

allow government
staffs to view and
print monthly pay
slip.

25

Field: Health Care

Nearly every area of health care today uses computers for various
purposes:

Usage :

Hospitals & doctors use IT to maintain & access patient records, store
personal health history including prescriptions, lab test result, doctor visit
allergies and immunizations

Doctors use e-mail to correspond with patients.

Example of applications:
Telemedicine.
Telesurgery.
Medline.
Counter Registration System
26

Field: Health Care

Telemedicine:
Health-care
professionals in
separate locations
conduct live
conferences on the
computer regarding
their patients.

27

Field: Health Care

For example:
A doctor at one
location can have a
conference with a
doctor at another
location to discuss
a bone X-ray. Live
images of each
doctor, along with
the X-ray, are
displayed on each
doctors computer.
28

Field: Health Care

Telesurgery:
Surgery in which a
surgeon performs
an operation on a
patient who is not
located in the same
physical room as the
surgeon by directing
the robots to
perform operations
via computers.

29

Field: Health Care

Medline:
Many Web sites
provide up-todate medical,
fitness, nutrition,
or exercise
information.

30

Field: Science

Breakthroughs in surgery, medicine, & treatments often result from

scientists use of computers.
Usage:
Use computers to assist them with collecting, analyzing, and modeling
data.
Scientists also use the Internet to communicate with colleagues
around the world
Example of applications:
A cochlear implant.
An electrodes implant.
A neural network.

31

Field: Science

A cochlear implant:
It is a embedded chip that allows a deaf person to listen.

32

Field: Science

An electrodes implant:
Electrodes implanted in the brain stop tremors associated
with Parkinsons disease.

33

Field: Science

A neural network:
A system that attempts to imitate the behavior of the
human brain.

34

Field: Publishing

The process of making works available to the public. These

works include books, magazines, newspapers, music, film, and
video.
Many publishers make their works available online & some Web
sites allow you to copy the work, such as a book or music.
Example of applications:
Special software assists graphic designers in developing pages
that include text, graphics, and photos.
Artists in composing and enhancing songs.
Filmmakers in creating and editing film.
35

Field: Publishing

Special software assists graphic designers in developing pages

that include text, graphics, and photos:
Online magazines.
Online Photo Printing
Online newspaper.
Online Card Printing

36

Field: Publishing

Artists in composing and enhancing songs:

Apple GarageBand, DUBturbo, Sonic Producer, Sound Forge

37

Field: Publishing

Filmmakers in creating and editing film:

iMovie.
Adobe Premiere.

38

Field: Travel

Vehicles manufactured today often include some type of onboard

navigation system to help you navigate from one location to
another.
Many mobile devices such as smart phones have built-in navigation
systems.
Example of applications:
Car Navigation System by Global Positioning System (GPS).
Automatic roaming by Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM)
Online Intelligence Transportation IS (ITIS)
Online reservation.
39

Field: Travel

Navigation System by Global Positioning System (GPS):

GPS System is a radio navigation system that allows land,
sea, and airborne users to determine their exact location,
velocity, and time of their destination.

40

Field: Travel

Automatic roaming by Global System for Mobile

Communications (GSM):
Telecommunication companies provides automatic
roaming for travelers to travel abroad.

41

Field: Travel

Online Intelligence Transportation IS (ITIS)

the application of advanced information and
communications technology to surface transportation in
order to achieve enhanced safety and mobility while
reducing the environmental impact of transportation.

42

Field: Travel

Online reservation: - Transportation and accommodation

reservation can be done through a Web site.
Online Flight Booking.

43

Field: Travel
Online Hotel Booking.

44

Field: Travel
Online Car Reservation.

45

Field: Manufacturing

Latest technology have helped in making manufacturing

process more effective.

Usage
Reduce product development costs,
Shorten a products time to market, and
Stay ahead of the competition.

Example of applications:
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).
Computer-aided design (CAD).
A Bar Code System.
46

Field: Manufacturing

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM):

The use of computer software to control machine tools and
related machinery in the manufacturing of work pieces.

47

Field: Manufacturing

Computer-aided design (CAD):

The use of computer systems to assist in the creation,
modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.

48

Field: Manufacturing

A Bar Code System :

All products are bar coded and can be read by the
computer scanner to help in determining prices and
managing inventory.

49

Fields

Education

Finance

Government

Health Care

Examples of Applications
Courseware
Educational portal (e-portal)
Web based learning
Learning Management System
Online banking.
Finance Investment System / Online
Investing
Electronic Payment System (EPS)
myGovernment.
e-Filing.
e-Penyata Gaji & Laporan, etc.
Telemedicine.
Telesurgery.
Medline.

50

Fields
Science
Publishing

Travel

Manufacturing

Examples of Applications
A cochlear implant.
An electrodes implant.
A neural network.
Composing and enhancing songs.
Filmmakers in creating and editing film.

Navigation System by Global Positioning

System (GPS).
Automatic roaming by Global System
for Mobile Communications (GSM).
Online reservation.
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).
Computer-aided design (CAD).
A Bar Code System.
51

SC015 Session 2015/2016

Topic 1

1.1 Overview of
Information
Technology

52

c.

Explain different categories of computers

Categories of computers

Supercomputers
Mainframes
Personal Computers
Mobile Computers and Devices
Embedded Computers

Characteristics and capabilities for different categories

of computers:

Physical size
Speed
Storage

53

Define Computer.
Computer is ..

Categories of Computer.
Categories of Computer

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Physical Size

Speed Storage

54

What is a Computer

An electronic device (machine),

that performs four basic
operations: input, processing,
output and storage.

or

Computer is an electronic device

operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own
memory, that accepts data,
process the data, produce results,
and store the results for future
use.

55

Categories of Computer
Supercomputers
Mainframes

Personal Computers
Mobile Computers and Devices
Embedded Computers
56

Categories of ComputerSupercomputers

What is Supercomputer ?
A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful, most

expensive computer and used for very complex,

sophisticated job such as nuclear research, calculating
weather patterns, petroleum exploration, online banking,
automotive design.

57

Categories of ComputerSupercomputers

Physical Size :
Full room of equipment.

58

Categories of ComputerSupercomputers

Speed :
The fastest supercomputer are capable of

processing billions of program instructions

per second.
Can operate at speeds measured in
picoseconds-1,000 times as fast as
microcomputers.
59

Categories of ComputerSupercomputers
Storage

Can store more than 20,000 times the data

and information of an average desktop

computer.

60

Categories of ComputerMainframes

What is Mainframe ?
A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer

that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected

users simultaneously (multi-user) and storing tremendous
amounts of data, instructions and information.
Mainframes are often used in businesses that manage
large amounts of data, for example, insurance companies
use mainframes to process information about millions of
policyholders.

61

Categories of ComputerMainframes

Physical Size :
Partial room to a full room of equipment.

62

Categories of ComputerMainframes

Speed :
Powerful computer that handle hundreds or

thousands of connected users

simultaneously at the same time.

63

Categories of ComputerMainframes
Storage

Can store tremendous amounts of data,

instructions, and information;

enterprises are able to bill millions of customers,
prepare payroll for thousands of employees, and
manage thousands of item in inventory.

64

Categories of ComputerMainframes
Advantages

Huge memory/Large

- Able to store tremendous amounts of

data, instructions & information.
High speed/Powerful - they can process vast amounts of data,
very quickly.
Super reliable
- incredibly reliable with mean time
between failure (MTBF) up to 20 years
because lot of circuitry is designed to
detect and correct errors.
Multi User
- They allow several users (sometimes
hundreds) to use the computer at the
same time.

65

Categories of ComputerPersonal Computers

What is Personal Computers ?

Personal computer is a computer that can perform
all its input, processing, output and storage
activities by itself.
Two types of personal
computers are desktop
computers, and notebook
computers

66

Categories of ComputerPersonal Computers

Physical Size :
Fits on a desk.

67

Categories of ComputerPersonal Computers

Speed :
Various depends on the memory and

processors.

68

Categories of ComputerPersonal Computers

Storage

Various depends on the hard drive size

69

Categories of ComputerMobile Computers & Devices

Mobile
Computer

Mobile computer is
a personal computer
(that can perform all
of its input,
processing, output,
and storage
activities by itself)
that you can carry
from place to place

Examples: notebook
computers, netbook
Tablet PCs

Mobile
Device
Computing device
small enough to
hold in your hand

Examples : Smart
phones and PDAs, Ebook readers,
Handheld
computers, Portable
media players, and
Digital cameras
70

Categories of ComputerMobile Computers & Devices

Laptop/ Notebook

Portable, often designed

to fit on your lap.

Thin and lightweight,

powerful as the average
desktop computer.

Netbook

Smaller, lighter than a

notebook computer.
Not as powerful as a
notebook computer.

Tablet PC

Special type of notebook

computer that you can
interact with by touching
the screen by using finger
or digital pen.

71

Categories of ComputerMobile Computers & Devices

Smart Phones & PDAs

E Book Reader

Handheld Computers

Small computer enough

Smart phone is an
Internet-enable phone.
Provides personal
information management
functions such as
calendar, an appointment
book, address book,
calculator and notepad

to fit in one hand.

Is a handheld device that
is used primarily for
reading e-books.
Have a touch screen and
are Internet-enable.

Many handheld
computers are industrialspecific and serve the
needs of mobile
employees such as meter
readers and parcel
delivery people.
72

Categories of ComputerMobile Computers & Devices

Portable Media Player

Is a mobile device on which you can

store, organize and play digital media
such as music, watch videos, movies and
view photos.

Digital Camera

Is a device that allows user to take

pictures and store the photographed
images digitally.

73

Categories of ComputerMobile Computers & Devices

Physical Size :

Fits on the lap, palm, pocket

74

Categories of ComputerMobile Computers & Devices

Speed :
May slower than a personal computer.

75

Categories of ComputerMobile Computers & Devices

Storage

Small storage media.

76

Categories of ComputerEmbedded Computer

What is Embedded Computer ?

Special-purpose computer that functions as a component in

a larger product and perform various functions depending

on the product.

77

Categories of ComputerEmbedded Computer

Consumer
Electronics
Mobile and
digital
telephones
Digital televisions
Cameras
Video recorders
DVD players and
recorders
Answering
machines

Home Automation
Devices
Thermostats
Sprinkling
systems
Security
monitoring
systems
Appliances
Lights

Automobiles
Antilock brakes
Engine control
modules
Airbag controller
Cruise control

Process
Controllers and
Robotics
Remote
monitoring
systems
Power monitors
Machine
controllers
Medical devices

Computer Devices
and Office
Machines

Keyboards
Printers
Faxes
Copiers

78

Categories of ComputerEmbedded Computer

Some of the
embedded
computers
designed to
improve the
safety,
security and
performance
in todays
automobiles

79

Categories of ComputerEmbedded Computer

Physical Size :
Small

80

Speed :

Categories of ComputerEmbedded Computer

May slower than a mobile computer and

devices.

Categories of ComputerEmbedded Computer

Storage

Limited or small storage media.

82

Differences between Categories

of Computers
Categories of
Computers

Physical Size

Speed

Storage

Supercomputers

Full room of
equipment

The fastest
supercomputer are
capable of processing
billions of program
instructions per second.

Can store more

than 20,000
times the data
and
information of
an average
desktop
computer.

Can operate at speeds

measured in
picoseconds-1,000
times as fast as
microcomputers.

83

Differences between Categories

of Computers
Categories
of
Computers

Physical Size

Speed

Storage

Mainframes

Partial room to a full

room of equipment.

Powerful computer
that handle
hundreds or
thousands of
connected users
simultaneously/ at
the same time.

Can store tremendous

amounts of data,
instructions, and
information;
enterprises are able to
bill millions of
customers, prepare
payroll for thousands
of employees, and
manage thousands of
item in inventory.

84

Differences between Categories

of Computers
Categories of
Computers

Physical Size

Speed

Storage

Personal Computers

Personal computer is a computer that

can perform all its input, processing,
output and storage activities by itself.

Mobile Computers
& Mobile Devices

Mobile computer is a personal

computer (that can perform all of its
input, processing, output, and
storage activities by itself) that you
can carry from place to place

Mobile Devices is a computing device

small enough to hold in your hand

85

Differences between Categories

of Computers
Categories of
Computers

Physical Size

Embedded
Computers

Special-purpose computer
that functions as a
component in a larger
product and perform various
functions depending on the
product.

Speed
-

Storage
-

86

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

Define Information Technology.

Explain the advantages of Information Technology.
Explain the disadvantages of Information Technology.
List the various fields in Information Technology.
Discuss the applications of Information Technology in various
fields.
Discuss the usage/purposes/advantages of IT in each field.
Define computer.
List the categories of computers.
Define supercomputer.
Explain supercomputer from its size, speed and storage.
Define mainframe.
Explain mainframe from its size, speed and storage.
87

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

Define personal computer.

Explain personal computer from its size, speed and storage.
Define mobile computers.
Give examples of mobile computers.
Define mobile devices.
Give examples of mobile devices.
Explain mobile computers & devices from its size, speed and
storage.
Define embedded computers.
Explain embedded computers computer from its size, speed
and storage.
Give examples of embedded computers.
Differentiate between categories of computers from its size,
speed and storage.
88