Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
% in total
population
1971
Number of persons
with higher
education
74,376
1981
131,937
3.60
1991
204,066
5.30
2001
267,995
7.27
2.20
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
research
TOTAL
10,16
1
3,679
2,325
16,16
5
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
3000
2500
Natural Sciences
Technical Sciences and
Engineering
2113 1941
2000
1500
1000
1202
Biotechnical Sciences
638
Social Sciences
500
Humanities
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
of total funds
allocated to science
60% allocated to
higher education
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Total
Natural sciences
449
Engineering
486
Types
institutions
Public institutes
of
499
374
Higher
education
institutions
1,526
Biotechnical
178
Other institutions
138
Social sciences
353
Humanities
323
Total number of
junior researchers:
2,163
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Number
scholarships
of
2000
130
337
2001
145
606
2002
143
603
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Number
of
research months
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
Students
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
8680
7856
8275
8394
9298
2000
13510
Prospective students in
academic year 2004/2005
University and professional studies at
Total
University of Zagreb
13,551
University of Osijek
4,879
University of Rijeka
5,830
University of Split
8,136
University of Zadar
1,005
University of Dubrovnik
900
TOTAL
34,301
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
2001
1996
Field of study
1991
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
INTERFACULTY
PROGRAMMES
SOCIAL
SCIENCES
NATURE
SCIENCES
HUMANITIES
ENGINEERING
BIOTECHNICAL
SCIENCES
BIOMEDICINE
ART
Number of students
15000
10000
5000
1991
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
SOCIAL
SCIENCES
1996
NATURE
SCIENCES
HUMANITIES
2001
ENGINEERING
BIOTECHNICAL
SCIENCES
BIOMEDICINE
ART
Young
scientists
1998
Young
scientists
2000
Young scientists
with offers to go
abroad
Potential base
for brain drain
78.7%
56.0%
66.7%
21.7%
Decided to go
abroad
11.7%
7.3%
2.4%
2.4%
TOTAL
24.1%
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
244
PhD
346
40.75%
Technical
sciences
249
MSc
319
37.57%
Biomedicine
139
Young
scientists
184
21.67%
Others
217
TOTAL
849
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Technology
The difference between number of graduates and the
actual increase in number of HE persons is 30,000
Number of brain drain was estimated by calculating
proportion in total mortality in the period
Proportions taken: 5%, 4%, 3% in total mortality
Possible brain drain rates: 4.5% (min), 8.9%, 13.2% (max)
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Students
Graduates
MSc
PhD
91/92
92/93
93/94
94/95
95/96
96/97
97/98
98/99
99/00
Total
Percentage
30
44
44
43
40
47
51
53
27
44
39
37
34
42
35
14
3
483
82
9
10
7
3
?
?
?
?
?
6
10
7
2
?
?
?
?
?
589
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
up to
1996/97 432
Working in
Croatia 249 or
57.6%
Working abroad
(brain drain)
166 or 38.3%
Number
USA
34
Germany
34
Switzerland
39
Austria
16
Great Britain
France
12
Italy
Sweden
Serbia
10
Total
166
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
No. of students
317
320
312
277
255
240
251
1971
9
19
8
10
3
1
1
51
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
4
2.8
Another survey shows that 403 MDs applied for documents for
travel abroad in the last 10 years
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
No. graduates
Brain drain
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
TOTAL
48
73
71
90
94
117
122
118
154
132
1019
0
6
1
0
1
3
1
1
1
1
15
Studying abroad
Other
2
1
3
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
2.0
No. of graduates
1
2
3
TOTAL
214
13
15
1
28
Percentage
6.0
7.0
13.0
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
No. of graduates
Brain drain
Studying abroad
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Total
400
520
469
460
432
532
443
442
388
4090
12
20
16
18
16
10
7
0
3
102
1
1
0
1
0
0
3
1
0
7
3.0
3.8
3.4
3.9
2.7
1.9
1.6
0.8
2.6
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Geographical distribution of
Croatian scientists abroad
Country
Number of
scientists
Country
Number of
scientists
USA
Germany
Canada
Switzerland
France
UK
Austria
Australia
Argentina
Italy
Sweden
Netherlands
466
143
84
75
50
39
37
34
16
16
15
12
7
7
6
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
12
Total
1033
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Conclusion
Case study of brain drain in Croatia determined three facts:
There currently exists no systematic monitoring of brain drain and
labour migration market. This could escalate into a significant
problem as seen in the case of molecular biologists.
Academic labour market is influenced by the quality of environment
for scientific work and the opportunity for scientific development
interest expressed by Croatian scientists abroad and AMAC
societies shows significant potential for reinvestment of human
scientific resources
Policy proposal: to use the EHEA and ERA trends, diaspora and
AMAC potentials to build a sustainable and effective system of
brain drain monitoring and management in Croatia.
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,
Web sites
Ruer Bokovi Institute, Zagreb
www.irb.hr
UNESCO Chair in Governance and
Management of Higher Education, University
of Zagreb
www.unizg.hr/unesco
unescoch@unizg.hr
Pifat-Mrzljak, Juro,