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  • Effects of Drought On Terrestrial Primary Productivity in Southern California

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    jpeterson1
    137 Ansichten19 Seiten
    Julia LaFond, North Carolina State University - Abstract: For the past few years, Southern California has been experiencing extended drought. These conditions are unfavorable to the growth and health of most types of terrestrial vegetation. We hoped to gain insight into potential ecosystem changes as well as possible disturbances to the terrestrial carbon cycle by exploring changes in gross primary productivity (GPP) over time and space in different plant types. We analyzed time series of GPP over the past five years derived from the MODIS sensor at four field sites: Coal Oil Point Reserve, Sedgwick Airstrip, Mission Canyon, and Painted Cave. We also assessed the relationship between GPP and the drought with other MODIS products, such as vegetation indices and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR). Furthermore, we studied higher resolution spatial effects of the drought using Landsat data from spring 2011, 2013, and 2015. The images were classified by plant type and the results were used in a light use efficiency (LUE) model. The values for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were based on data collected at one of the field sites; fPAR was calculated from the images using a linear regression with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). While some individual sites showed minimal changes in GPP, widespread GPP trends indicate a drop in primary production due to the drought.

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    Effects of Drought on Terrestrial Primary Productivity in Southern California

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    Julia LaFond, North Carolina State University - Abstract: For the past few years, Southern California has been experiencing extended drought. These conditions are unfavorable to the growth and health of most types of terrestrial vegetation. We hoped to gain insight into potential ecosystem changes as well as possible disturbances to the terrestrial carbon cycle by exploring changes in gross primary productivity (GPP) over time and space in different plant types. We analyzed time series of GPP over the past five years derived from the MODIS sensor at four field sites: Coal Oil Point Reserve, Sedgwick Airstrip, Mission Canyon, and Painted Cave. We also assessed the relationship between GPP and the drought with other MODIS products, such as vegetation indices and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR). Furthermore, we studied higher resolution spatial effects of the drought using Landsat data from spring 2011, 2013, and 2015. The images were classified by plant type and the results were used in a light use efficiency (LUE) model. The values for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were based on data collected at one of the field sites; fPAR was calculated from the images using a linear regression with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). While some individual sites showed minimal changes in GPP, widespread GPP trends indicate a drop in primary production due to the drought.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    137 Ansichten19 Seiten

    Effects of Drought On Terrestrial Primary Productivity in Southern California

    Hochgeladen von

    jpeterson1
    Julia LaFond, North Carolina State University - Abstract: For the past few years, Southern California has been experiencing extended drought. These conditions are unfavorable to the growth and health of most types of terrestrial vegetation. We hoped to gain insight into potential ecosystem changes as well as possible disturbances to the terrestrial carbon cycle by exploring changes in gross primary productivity (GPP) over time and space in different plant types. We analyzed time series of GPP over the past five years derived from the MODIS sensor at four field sites: Coal Oil Point Reserve, Sedgwick Airstrip, Mission Canyon, and Painted Cave. We also assessed the relationship between GPP and the drought with other MODIS products, such as vegetation indices and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR). Furthermore, we studied higher resolution spatial effects of the drought using Landsat data from spring 2011, 2013, and 2015. The images were classified by plant type and the results were used in a light use efficiency (LUE) model. The values for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) were based on data collected at one of the field sites; fPAR was calculated from the images using a linear regression with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). While some individual sites showed minimal changes in GPP, widespread GPP trends indicate a drop in primary production due to the drought.

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    Drought Impacts on

    Primary Production in
    Southern California
    Julia LaFond, North Carolina State University
    With Thanks to Dr. Dar Roberts & David Miller
    University of California, Santa Barbara

    Background
    Extended drought for the past few
    years
    Negative impacts on plant health
    Stress inhibits primary production;
    could affect the terrestrial carbon
    cycle
    Potential differential effect on
    ecosystems
    Pictures taken from http://geog.ucsb.edu/ideas/Locations.html

    Project Goals
    Assess how the drought has affected
    primary production in Southern
    California
    Establish patterns of temporal
    variation in production and related
    variables
    Extrapolate spatial changes in
    production for different ecosystems

    Temporal Analysis
    Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) from
    MODIS
    Vegetation indices (NDVI, LAI) from MODIS
    Surface temperature from field sites, land
    surface temperature (LST) from MODIS
    All MODIS data 1 km resolution
    Sites: Sedgwick Airstrip (SED), Coal Oil
    Point Preserve (COP), Painted Cave (PACA),
    Mission Canyon (MCA)

    Temporal GPP Trends


    Monthly GPP sums peak in spring
    (February May)
    Lowest in winter (November
    January)
    Yearly total GPP decreasing since
    2012
    Drop less pronounced at SED and
    COP
    Most evident at PACA and MCA

    Yearly Total GPP (kg C/m2/year)


    2

    1.8

    1.6

    1.4

    1.2
    SED
    GPP (kg C/m2/year)

    PACA

    MCA
    COP

    0.8

    0.6

    0.4

    0.2

    0
    2011

    2012

    2013

    2014
    Year

    2015

    2016

    0.3

    Monthly Total GPP (kg C/m2/month)

    0.25

    0.2

    PACA
    MCA
    0.15

    SED
    COP

    0.1

    0.05

    2011
    0

    2012

    2013

    2014

    2015

    2016

    GPP and Temperature


    GPP clusters at optimal temperatures
    Monthly total GPP highest at monthly
    average temperatures ranging from
    285 290 K (12 17 C).
    8 day GPP clusters at nighttime LST
    of 285 K (12 C) and daytime LST of
    295 300 K (22 - 27 C)

    SED

    GPP (kg C/m2/8 days

    MCA

    12

    12

    10

    10

    GPP (kg C/m2/8 days)

    0
    280

    290

    300

    310

    320

    0
    285 290 295 300 305 310 315

    330

    Temperature (K)

    Temperature (K)

    PACA
    GPP (kg C/m2/8 days)

    COP

    12

    12

    10

    10

    GPP (kg C/m2/8 days)

    0
    280 285 290 295 300 305 310 315

    Temperature (K)

    50 100 150 200 250 300 350


    Temperature (K)

    Soil Moisture and GPP


    Soil moisture decreases slightly
    May remain high due to lower uptake
    by plants
    No clear relationship with GPP
    PACA data unavailable; COP sensor
    at different depth

    COP
    0.2
    0.15
    GPP (kg C/m2/month)

    0.1
    0.05
    0
    0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

    SED

    Soil Moisture (m3/m3)

    0.25
    0.2
    0.15
    GPP (kg C/m2/month)

    MCA

    0.05
    0

    0.25

    0.2

    0.1
    0.05
    0
    0.15

    0.05

    0.1

    0.15

    Soil Moisture (m3/m3)

    0.15
    GPP (kg C/m2/month)

    0.1

    0.2

    0.25

    Soil Moisture (m3/m3)

    0.3

    0.35

    0.2

    0.25

    COP Monthly Average Soil Moisture (m3/m3)


    0.5
    0.4
    0.3
    0.2
    0.1

    2012

    2011

    2013

    2014

    2015

    2016

    SED Monthly Average Soil Moisture (m3/m3)


    0.5
    0.4
    0.3
    0.2
    0.1
    0

    2011

    2012

    2013

    2014

    2015

    2016

    MCA Monthly Average Soil Moisture (m3/m3)


    0.5
    0.4
    0.3
    0.2
    0.1
    0

    2011

    2012

    2013

    2014

    2015

    2016

    Spatial Analysis
    Landsat data from 2011, 2013, 2015;
    30 m resolution
    Classification based on different
    plant functional types (PFT):
    grassland, trees, shrubs
    GPP via light use efficiency (LUE)
    model
    Photosynthetically active radiation
    (PAR) based on COP field data

    2011

    2013

    Red = Annual
    Herbaceous/Grass (AH)
    Green = Evergreen Broadleaf
    Tree (EBT)
    Blue = Evergreen Broadleaf
    Shrub (EBS)
    Apparent grassland expansion
    is an artifact of decreasing
    brightness

    2015

    Clockwise from top left: GPP in 2011,


    GPP in 2013, GPP in 2015.
    GPP has decreased overall since
    2011, most notably toward the
    interior. It has remained high along
    the coasts.

    Red = 2011 GPP, green = 2013 GPP, blue

    Conclusions
    The drought has caused overall GPP
    declines, but varies by site
    Related climate factors such as
    temperature and soil moisture
    contribute
    Coastal GPP has been least affected
    Spatial reductions in GPP indicate
    decreased health of trees and shrubs

    Acknowledgements

    Dr. Dar Roberts


    David Miller
    Dr. Jessie Sagona
    Dr. Emily Schaller
    Tanner Thompson
    Mariah Heck
    NSERC

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