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  • Modeling Potential Erosion Effects of The Sherpa Wildfire Using The RUSLE

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    jpeterson1
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    Tayler Duclos, Alaska Pacific University - Abstract Every year California is engulfed in flames as wildfires spread across the state. This is only made worse by the current record breaking drought. In their wake, fires leave an area characterized by burned vegetation and charred soil. Fire scars are particularly vulnerable to erosion due to the decrease in plant root system strength. The Sherpa Fire near Goleta, California consumed 7,474 acres of vegetation. To evaluate the impact of the fire we implemented the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Using a GIS with a variety of input sources, we compared pre-fire soil loss to different scenarios for post-fire soil loss. Sediment yield generally increased with increasing slope steepness and length, and it was influenced strongly by annual precipitation. Based on the RUSLE, we found there was more erosion under sparsely vegetated conditions than in heavy vegetation. Pre-fire erosion with 2011 annual rainfall resulted in 55,490 tons per acre annual soil loss. In comparison, post-fire erosion with the same annual rainfall resulted in 86,562 tons per acre annual soil loss. However, when we reduced annual rainfall to 22 cm to more accurately represent actual precipitation during the drought, the annual soil loss decreased to 10,096 tons per acre. Preliminary investigation showed that erosion values for individual pixels were not normally distributed and variances were different between the models. We log-transformed the values, which stabilized the variances and normalized the distributions. We found that the difference among the extrapolated models in log transformed erosion values was significant (One way ANOVA, F = 48,947, p < 0.001, n = 178,661 pixels), and a more accurate assessment could be made with improved soil mapping and rainfall measurements.

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    Modeling Potential Erosion Effects of the Sherpa Wildfire using the RUSLE

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    Tayler Duclos, Alaska Pacific University - Abstract Every year California is engulfed in flames as wildfires spread across the state. This is only made worse by the current record breaking drought. In their wake, fires leave an area characterized by burned vegetation and charred soil. Fire scars are particularly vulnerable to erosion due to the decrease in plant root system strength. The Sherpa Fire near Goleta, California consumed 7,474 acres of vegetation. To evaluate the impact of the fire we implemented the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Using a GIS with a variety of input sources, we compared pre-fire soil loss to different scenarios for post-fire soil loss. Sediment yield generally increased with increasing slope steepness and length, and it was influenced strongly by annual precipitation. Based on the RUSLE, we found there was more erosion under sparsely vegetated conditions than in heavy vegetation. Pre-fire erosion with 2011 annual rainfall resulted in 55,490 tons per acre annual soil loss. In comparison, post-fire erosion with the same annual rainfall resulted in 86,562 tons per acre annual soil loss. However, when we reduced annual rainfall to 22 cm to more accurately represent actual precipitation during the drought, the annual soil loss decreased to 10,096 tons per acre. Preliminary investigation showed that erosion values for individual pixels were not normally distributed and variances were different between the models. We log-transformed the values, which stabilized the variances and normalized the distributions. We found that the difference among the extrapolated models in log transformed erosion values was significant (One way ANOVA, F = 48,947, p < 0.001, n = 178,661 pixels), and a more accurate assessment could be made with improved soil mapping and rainfall measurements.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    180 Ansichten25 Seiten

    Modeling Potential Erosion Effects of The Sherpa Wildfire Using The RUSLE

    Hochgeladen von

    jpeterson1
    Tayler Duclos, Alaska Pacific University - Abstract Every year California is engulfed in flames as wildfires spread across the state. This is only made worse by the current record breaking drought. In their wake, fires leave an area characterized by burned vegetation and charred soil. Fire scars are particularly vulnerable to erosion due to the decrease in plant root system strength. The Sherpa Fire near Goleta, California consumed 7,474 acres of vegetation. To evaluate the impact of the fire we implemented the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Using a GIS with a variety of input sources, we compared pre-fire soil loss to different scenarios for post-fire soil loss. Sediment yield generally increased with increasing slope steepness and length, and it was influenced strongly by annual precipitation. Based on the RUSLE, we found there was more erosion under sparsely vegetated conditions than in heavy vegetation. Pre-fire erosion with 2011 annual rainfall resulted in 55,490 tons per acre annual soil loss. In comparison, post-fire erosion with the same annual rainfall resulted in 86,562 tons per acre annual soil loss. However, when we reduced annual rainfall to 22 cm to more accurately represent actual precipitation during the drought, the annual soil loss decreased to 10,096 tons per acre. Preliminary investigation showed that erosion values for individual pixels were not normally distributed and variances were different between the models. We log-transformed the values, which stabilized the variances and normalized the distributions. We found that the difference among the extrapolated models in log transformed erosion values was significant (One way ANOVA, F = 48,947, p < 0.001, n = 178,661 pixels), and a more accurate assessment could be made with improved soil mapping and rainfall measurements.

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    Modeling Potential Erosion Effects

    of the Sherpa Wildfire


    Tayler Duclos
    Alaska Pacific University
    NASA SARP 2016 Land Group
    David Miller UC Santa Barbara
    Professor Dar Roberts UC Santa Barbara

    Background

    http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/17/us/california-fires/

    Background

    Background
    Four types of Soil Erosion

    Sheet
    Rill
    Gully
    Channel

    http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/nvswcd/youyourland/soil.htm

    Background
    The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Renard et al 1997
    A = R * K * LS * C * P

    A = Average Annual Soil Loss


    R = Rainfall Erosivity Factor
    K = Soil Erosivity Factor
    LS = Slope Length and Steepness Factor
    C = Cover-type Factor
    P = Conservation Practice Factor

    Only predicts Sheet and Rill Erosion

    Motivation
    Fire Vegetation Loss Soil more susceptible to erosion Pollution

    Pollution
    Degrade water quality
    Increasing Turbidity
    Increasing nutrient influx

    Methods
    Precipitation

    Kurt Cooper Equation

    R Factor

    Methods

    High : 8
    Low : 7
    0

    1 Miles

    Methods
    Precipitation
    Soil

    Kurt Cooper Equation

    R Factor
    K Factor

    Methods

    0.20
    0.28

    1 Miles

    Methods
    Kurt Cooper Equation

    Precipitation

    K Factor

    Soil
    DEM

    R Factor

    Slope
    Flow Accumulation

    Moore and Burch Equation

    LS Factor

    Methods

    High : 17.5
    Low : 0
    0

    1 Miles

    Methods
    Kurt Cooper Equation

    Precipitation

    K Factor

    Soil
    DEM

    Vegetation

    R Factor

    Slope
    Flow Accumulation

    Moore and Burch Equation

    Reclassified Professor Roberts Map

    LS Factor
    C Factor (Pre-Fire)

    Methods

    Functional Type
    Tree
    Shrub
    Herb
    Rock
    Soil
    Urban
    Unknown

    1 Miles

    Methods
    Kurt Cooper Equation

    Precipitation

    K Factor

    Soil
    DEM

    Vegetation

    R Factor

    Slope
    Flow Accumulation

    Moore and Burch Equation

    LS Factor

    Reclassified Professor Roberts Map

    C Factor (Pre-Fire)

    Landsat Un-mixing (GV, NPV, Soil)

    C Factor (Post-Fire)

    Methods

    GV
    NPV
    Soil
    Unclassified

    1 Miles

    Methods
    Kurt Cooper Equation

    Precipitation

    K Factor

    Soil
    DEM

    Vegetation
    Conservation
    Practice

    R Factor

    Slope
    Flow Accumulation

    Moore and Burch Equation

    LS Factor

    Reclassified Professor Roberts Map

    C Factor (Pre-Fire)

    Landsat Un-mixing (GV, NPV, Soil)

    C Factor (Post-Fire)
    P Factor

    Methods

    1 Miles

    Methods
    R Factor
    K Factor
    LS Factor
    C Factor
    P Factor

    RUSLE Equation

    Modeled Erosion

    Results
    Pre-Fire

    (tons/acre/year)
    High : 317

    Potential Erosion
    2015 Rain
    (tons/acre/year)

    High : 77
    0

    1 Miles

    55,490 tons/acre/year

    Low : 0

    Post-Fire Dry

    Potential Erosion
    2011 Rain
    (tons/acre/year)

    2011 Erosion
    Low : 0

    Post-Fire Wet

    High : 9
    0

    1 Miles

    86,562 tons/acre/year

    Low : 0

    1 Miles

    10,076 tons/acre/year

    Results
    Raw One Way
    ANOVA

    Results
    Logged One Way
    ANOVA

    Results
    Kruskal-Wallis Rank
    Sum Test

    Conclusions
    Sediment yield generally increased with increasing slope
    steepness and length, and it was influenced strongly by annual
    precipitation.
    There was more erosion under sparsely vegetated conditions than
    in heavy vegetation.

    Acknowledgements
    THANK YOU!!
    David Miller
    Dr. Dar Roberts
    Dr. Emily Schaller
    Land Group
    Dr. Brad Harris
    Dr. Roman Dial
    Professor Jason Geck
    Everyone who helps keep SARP running

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