BODY MASS

INDEX
(B.M.I.)

 Body Mass Index (BMI) is a rough measure of

body composition that is
useful for classifying the
health risks of body weight

 It is also based on the

concept that a persons
weight should be
proportional to height.

 BMI is calculated by
dividing your body weight
(expressed in kilograms)
by the square of your
height (expressed in
meters).

Weight: in kilograms (kg)

Height: in meter (m/cm)
BMI = weight (kg)
2
2
height (m)

Classification BMI
Underweight
<18.5
Normal
18.524.9
Overweight
25.029.9
Obesity (I)
30.034.9
Obesity (II)
35.039.9
Extreme Obesity (III)
40.0

Lifestyle

 The way in which an

individual lives is called
lifestyle.

 This includes the typical

patterns of an individuals
behavior like everyday
routine at home, in school, or
at work; eating, sleeping, and
exercise habits, and many
others.

 These patterns of
behavior are related to
elevated or reduced
health risk

Managing your lifestyle

entails making modifications
in your routine especially in
those aspects that elevate
health risks.

Aspects of Lifestyle to be
Improved to be healthy:

OFood choice

OPhysical activity
OEating habits

Variables That Could

Improve Healthy Lifestyle
ONutrition

OBody Weight

OPhysical Activity
OHealth Habits

Risk Factors That Could

Affect Lifestyle
O Hypertension / high blood

pressure
O Overweight and obesity
O High levels of stress

Risk Factors That Could

Affect Lifestyle
O Lack of exercise and sedentary

lifestyle
O Smoking
O Unhealthy dietary practices
O Alcohol consumption

An unhealthy lifestyle
brings with it certain
diseases that can shorten
your lifespan.

Non-Communicable
Diseases (NCDs)
O Diseases that are not transmitted

from person to person; also called

chronic diseases
O They are of long duration, and are
generally of slow progression.

Four Main Types of NCDs

1. Cardiovascular Diseases (Heart

Enlargement And Hypertension)

2. Cancer
3. Chronic Respiratory Diseases
(Pulmonary Disease and Asthma)
4. Diabetes

Weight
Management

Weight Gain
O energy consumed is greater

than energy expended

O more food intake but less
physical exertion

Weight Loss
O energy consumed is less

than energy expended

O more physical exertion but
less food intake

Weight Maintenance
O energy consumed equals

energy expended
O physical exertion is the same
with food intake

Energy Balance
OCrucial to keep a healthy ratio of fat

and lean body mass

OEnergy (calories)

OConsumption or expenditure of

calories
OControl over intake of calories

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Evaluating Body Weight and Body

Composition
OPercent body fat and distribution of body fat =

weather a change on body composition

would improve health.

O Overweight
O Obesity

O Height-Weight charts

O Body Mass Index (BMI)

O Body Composition

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The Health Risks of Excess Body Fat

OObese individuals have a mortality rate twice

that of non-obese

O Associated with: diabetes, elevated cholesterol levels,

impaired heart function, hypertension and cancer

O Psychological health: depression, body dissatisfaction
and eating disorders

OBody Fat distribution and Health

O Apples
O Pears

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Body Image
OCollective picture of the body as seen

through the minds eye.

OPerceptions
OImages

OThoughts
OAttitudes

OEmotions

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Factors Contributing To Excess Body Fat

OGenetic Factors

OPhysiological Factors
OMetabolism (RMR)
OHormones
OFat Cells

OCarbohydrate Craving

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Factors Contributing To Excess Body Fat

OLifestyle Factors
OEating

OPhysical Activity

OPsychosocial

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Adopting A Healthy Lifestyle For

Successful Weight Management
ONormal body weight

ODiet and Eating Habits

O Total Calories
O1600 calories - Sedentary women and older adults
O2200 calories - Children, teenage girls, active
women, and sedentary men
O2800 calories - Teenage boys, active men, and very
active women.
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Adopting A Healthy Lifestyle For

Successful Weight Management

OPortion Sizes

OEnergy (calorie) Density

OFat Calories

OComplex Carbohydrates

OSimple Sugars and Refined Carbohydrates

OProtein

OEating Habits

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Physical Activity and Exercise

OMuscles needing energy.
ONot anaerobic only burns simple sugars.
OAerobic burns more of the fat.
OMust last 15-30 minutes.
OUse all major muscle groups.
OGradually increase time of
endurance activities.

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Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle

OThinking and Emotions
OCoping strategies

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Creating an Individual Weight

Management Program
O Assess your motivation and commitment.
O Set a weight loss goal that is healthy and

reasonable.
O Create a negative energy balance.
O Increase your level of physical activity.
O Make changes in your diet and eating habits.
O Keep records of your weight and behavior change
progress.

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Overcoming a Weight Problem

OSelf- Help programs.
OPrescription Drugs
OSurgery

Liposuction)

(Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass,

OPsychological Help
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Eating Disorders
OAnorexia Nervosa - Failure to eat enough

food to maintain a reasonable body

weight.
OCharacteristics

OFear gaining weight.

ODistorted self-image.

OCompulsive behaviors and rituals.

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Eating Disorders
OBulimia Nervosa - recurring episodes of

binge eating followed by purging.

OCharacteristics

ORapidly consumes food, then purges.

O Done in secret.

OAfter a binge - feels ashamed, disgusted

and physically and emotional drained.

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Eating Disorders
OBinge-Eating - Similar to Bulimia

except no Purging behavior.

OEating patterns - very rapid, eating

until uncomfortably full.

OOften eat as a way of coping.
OLikely to be obese.

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Health Risk
Anorexia
O AMENORRHEA
O LOW BLOOD PRESURE AND
HEART RATE
O DRY SKIN AND FINE BODY
HAIR
O DISORDERS OF THE
CARDIO, GASTRO,AND
ENDOCRINE

Bulimia
O CHRONIC HOARSENESS
O ESOPHAGEAL TEARS
O TOOTH DECAY
O CARDIA ARRHYTHMIA
O ABNORMAL MENSE
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Thank You

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