KEY KNOWLEDGE

KEY SKILLS
Collection and
plan and undertake
analysis of games and
an activity analysis
performance data
select relevant
including skill
technology to
analysis, movement
conduct an activity
patterns and work to
analysis in order to
rest ratios
collect and interpret
primary data to
ascertain the
important fitness
components and
energy systems used
Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

The main purpose of games analysis is to determine how the

performance might be improved by :
Direct observation & immediate intervention
Applying specific training drills (skill improvement) or training programs (physical

improvement) once data analysis has occurred

Game/performance data is closely analysed following

performances to determine:
Individual & team playing styles and the effectiveness of set plays
Energy system interplay and contribution to different aspects of performance
Major skills performed and related muscle groups requiring conditioning
Fatigue factors - how to avoid these next time (recovery during and after performances)

Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Methods of Data Collection

Direct Observation - Advantages
Immediate changes can be made to playing set up or style of play in response

to how the game is progressing.

Player fatigue easily observed and counteracted with use bench for recovery
Players able to stay on the field and positions rotated to increase player

efficiency

Disadvantages
Subjective or opinion based decisions (can be reduced with training and

increased viewing experience)

No way of showing players how they performed
No future reference possibility to compare performances
Limited observer memory
The pace of the game is too fast to take everything in
Difficult to observe multiple players at the same team
Large playing fields increase distance over which observations need to be

made
Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Methods of Data Collection

Direct Observation & Statistical Recording
Advantages
Able to discuss performance with players with more objectivity
Data can be archived/ stored and referred to in future
Player/performance profiles easier to establish

Disadvantages
Training for observers required prior to accurate recording
Difficult to view and record what is happening at the same time
Extremely labour intensive requiring lots of effort to arrive at game

summaries
Players may become obstructed or distant in field of view and
guessing may need to be used
Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Methods of Data Collection

Digital Recording - Heart Rate monitoring
Advantages
Relatively inexpensive
Generally unobtrusive and doesnt interfere with performance
Accurate collection of playing intensities

Disadvantages
Waterproof models are very expensive
Interference from nearby digital transmitters
Delay in real time signals
Must be close to receiver to obtain immediate data, otherwise need

to download after event is finished

Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Methods of Data Collection

Digital Recording - Global Positioning System GPS
Advantages
Combines movement patterns with intensities
Easily determines players who are fatiguing and efforts dropping in
intensity(useful for player rotation on and off the bench)
Disadvantages
Limited number available on the field at one time - not every player

currently able to be monitored (e.g. 10 AFL players per team / game

No reference to other players and thus limited contextual information
possible
Some models can be uncomfortable to wear
Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Methods of Data Collection

Digital Recording - Filming ,Eye in the Sky, etc.
Advantages
Every player visible for duration of game
Vision in vision allows player to be monitored when off the ball and allows
tactical decision making to be seen
Movements can be further analysed by biomechanists or computer
programs to make comparison with most efficient / effective techniques and
skill execution
Increases spectator understanding and following of games
Allows for third umpire decisions to be called for by field referee as
required
Disadvantages
Expensive to set up and requires lots of operators to use the many
cameras /recorders (this is increasingly becoming remote operated)
Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Important data to collect when analysing performances

Movement Patterns
Skill Frequencies
Major Muscles used
Playing Intensities
Work : Rest ratios

Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Movement Patterns
Its hard to plot movements onto a scale drawing of a field because of the speed
actions occur at and difficulty in keeping eyes o n the play and drawing
movements at the same time better options include video or GPS recording.
GPS quickly shows decreased high intensity efforts and the start of fatigue so

players can be substituted on/off.

Movement patterns also reveal common sprint distances so specific tests can be

chosen to assess speed, PC replenishment, etc.....

Analysis of movement patterns reveals energy system contribution making

training each system better linked to game demands

Hot spots and set plays can easily be determined and then discussed during

team strategies.

Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Examples of locomotor / movement patterns for an AFL player

There were only 3 zone-6 entries in 4th quarter compared to 14 in 1st quarter
34% of time spent 0-10kmh in 1st quarter compared to 51% in 4th quarter
Average sprint in 1st quarter (335.6 14) = 24 m compared to (37.9 3) = 12.6 m in 4th quarter
Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Skill Frequencies
These are often analysed for technical and tactical reasons, but PE students more
concerned with links to fitness components, choosing specific fitness tests and
training activities within a program.

Analysis:
only 65% effectiveness on backhand need to work on this (not during PE training)
large number of serves and smashes - arm power is important
frequent and many directional changes agility is crucial
When choosing the best fitness tests, its important that the muscle actions
observed during skills are reproduced closely during testing. The serves/smashes
are closely replicated by the baseball throw; changing direction on the court is
closely mimicked by the
movements in the Semo agility test
Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Major Muscles used

Look at the skills performed & carefully consider the major muscles used to
execute these skills. The muscle movements should be mimicked during fitness
testing and again during training activities to ensure specificity of testing/training.

Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Playing Intensities
This information is best collected by using digital recorders (heart rate monitors,
GPS units, etc.). It is critical in determining energy system contribution to
performances as well as setting specific guidelines for training.

Which training program would you recommend (Training 1 or Training 2) and why?
Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010

Work : Rest ratios

Heart rates below a certain intensity can be considered to be rest even though
these are not true resting heart rates.

Work:rest data can be very useful when determining work and rest periods used
in training to replicate those occurring during a game

Robert Malpeli - Balwyn High School 2010