Course Intended Learning

Outcomes
To understand information
technology system stardards
To use information technology
system standards

Nursing Informatics
Therirose Anne Tan-Suzara,
RN, MN

Direction: Compute for the number

equivalent of words SKILLS, ATTITIDE and
KNOWLEDGE. Use the table of alphabet
and numbers for your references.
A

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

SKILLS =
ATTITUDE
=
KNOWLEDGE

What does
this mean
for us
nurses?

 1994, Scope of Practice for Nursing

Informatics
Nursing Informatics is the specialty that
integrates nursing science, computer
science, and information science in
identifying, collecting, processing, and
managing data and information to
support nursing practice, administration,
education, research, and the expansion
of nursing knowledge.

 Nursing Informatics is a specialty that

integrates nursing science, computer
science, and information science to manage
and communicate date, information, and
knowledge in nursing practice. Nursing
informatics facilitates the integration
of data, information, and knowledge to
support patients, nurses, and other
providers in their decision-making in
all roles and settings. This support is
accomplished through the use of
information structures, information
processes, and information technology.
ANA (2001)p. 46

Nursing informatics (NI) is a specialty that

integrates nursing science, computer
science and information science to manage
and communicate data, information,
knowledge and wisdom in nursing
practice. NI supports consumers, patients,
nurses, and other providers in their
decision-making in all roles and settings.
This support is accomplished through the
use of information structures, information
processes and information technology.
ANA, 2008

 Manage
information in
patient care
Monitor the quality
of care
Evaluate the
outcome of care

Well-documented
information provides:
What care has been provided
and what is outstanding
Outcomes of care provided and
responses to the plan of care
Current patient status and
assessments
Support decisions based on
assessment to drive new plans
of care

Because
information
management is
integrated into
nursing practice,
there are now
additional steps in
the nursing
process

 A form of
communication
Enhancing
Nursing
Education
Nursing Research

g
e
b
l
l
a
t
i
w
o
H

.
.
an

Cathode Ray Tube

Online Communication

Hospital Information System

 Recognized the value of

computer into nursing
Improvement of
documentation
Mainframe HIS were
designed and
developed

1980s
Emersion of Informatics in the health
care industry
Updates on Practice Standards
Computer Based Patient Records System
HIS
Order entry: Kardex * Online results
Nurses Notes * Discharge plan
Vital signs

Emergence of the microcomputer

Hospital Information System

NEW HIS

1990s
Computer technology become integral part
of health care
NI was approved as a new nursing specialty
Smaller and faster computers were brought
to the bedside and all of the point-of-care
settings
Local Area Network and Wide Area Network
were developed
Introduction of INTERNET

Local Area Network

INTERNET

Post 2000
Development of wireless point-of-care
Clinical information system became
individualized in the Electronic Patient
Record (EPR) and life longitudinal record
Electronic Health Record (HER)
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
Use of voice-over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 was
enacted

Electronic Patient Record

Electronic Patient Record

Electronic Patient Record

Electronic Patient Record

Electronic Patient Record

Personal Digital Assistant

Personal Digital Assistants

Hospital Information
System

Hospital Information
System

Electronic Health Record

Post 2000
Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996
was enacted
Critical Care Units are monitored
remotely by health care providers
(eICU)

eICU

Questions?

Electronic Health Record

from a Historical
Perspective
Computer Based Patient Record
Institute (CRPI)
- Non profit organization founded in
1992 on clinical applications of
information technology
- Initiate/facilitate/promote/the routine
use of computer-based patient record
- Developed criteria for implementation
of computerized records

Criteria

Introduction of Davies
Program
Dr. Nicholas E. Davies Award of
Excellence Program
This national program is intended to
award and bring to national attention
excellence in the implementation of
computerized medical records

Revisions
by Davies
Davies
Revisions made by
Program
Program

COMPUTER SYSTEMS

Definition of Terms
Computer
- Is a machine that uses electronic
components and instructions to the
components to perform calculations
and repetitive and complex
procedures, process text and
manipulate data and signals.

Definition of Terms
Computer Hardware
- Is defined as all of the
physical components of the
machine itself
Computer Software
- Is the general term applied
to the instructions that the
direct the computers
hardware to perform work.

Definition of Terms
Information System
- Combination of hardware, software,
infrastructure and trained personnel organized
to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and
decision making in an organization.
- Is a combination of people, hardware, software,
communication devices, network and data
resources that processes data and information
for a specific purpose

Definition of Terms
Computer Science
- Study of computers and applications.

Basic Components
Central Processing
Unit
Input controllers
Output controller
Storage media

Parts of the Basic

Computers

Parts of the Basic Computer

Parts of the Basic Computer

Common Hardware
Peripherals

History of Computers
Colossus Mark I
- First true digital computer built in
1943.
- Used in airplane design and other
complex engineering applications
- J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly

Development of the 1st

Computers

History of Computers
1st Generation
Computers
- Built during the 1950s
- Age of business
computing
- UNIVAC
- Easily get hot and fail
regularly

History of Computers
2nd Generation Computers
- Introduced in the late
1950s
- Used transistors instead
of vacuum tubes
- Less heat/improved
reliability
- IBM 1401 and 1620

History of Computers
3rd Generation
Computers
- Mid 1960s
- microminiatures,
solid state
components
- Hard drives were
introduced
- IBM 360 and IBM 370

History of Computers
4th Generation Computers
- Rise of the Modern Personal
Computer
- Intel Corporation introduced the
first commercial microprocessor
called INTEL 8008

History of Computers
4th Generation Computers
- Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak,
built the first microcomputer called
Apple in May in 1976.

Founders of Apple

History of Computer
5th Generation Computers
- World of Supercomputers
- 1st supercomputer was developed by
Seymour Cray
- Cray I

Classes of Computers

Types of Computers

Computer Hardware
Hardware
- Physical components of the machine

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Motherboard
- Is a thin, flat sheet made of a firm,
nonconducting material on which the
internal components are mounted.
- Processor/CPU, Memory, Basic
Controllers, Ports/Expansion slots

Motherboard

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- brains of the computer
- Carries out the machine language
functions like fetch, execute,
decode and store.

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Fetching
- Process of obtaining a program
instruction/data item from RAM
Decoding
- Process of translating the instruction
into signals the computer can execute
Executing
- Process of carrying out the command

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Storing
- Writing the result to memory

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Memory
- Read Only Memory (ROM)
- Random Access Memory (RAM)

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Read Only Memory (ROM)
- Is a form of permanent storage
- Contains programs and softwares

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Random Access
Memory (RAM)
- Working memory
used for primary
storage
- Used as
temporary
storage

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Input Devices/ Input Controllers
- Allows the computer to receive
information from the outside world
- Keyboard and mouse

Input Devices
Keyboard

Input Devices
Pointing Device
Mouse

Input Devices
Pointing Device
Trackball

Input Devices
Pointing Device
Joystick and wheel

Input Devices
Pointing Device
Pointing Stick

Input Devices
Pointing Device
Game Pad

Input Devices
Graphic Tablet/Digitizing Tablet

Input Devices
Touch Display Screen

Input Devices
Stylus/Digital Pen

Input Devices
Audio Input
- CD/DVD
players
- Radio
- MP3/MP4
- Electronic
keyboard
- Voice Input/Mic

Input Devices
Touch Pad

Input Devices
Scanners

Input Devices
Digital Camera

Input Devices
Video Input

Input Devices

Biometric Input
Retinal Scanner
Iris Scanner
Hand Geometry

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Output Devices/Output Controllers
- Is a data that has been processed
into a useful format
- Printed text/spoken words/
- music/pictures/video/graphic

Output Devices
Monitor

Printer

Output Devices
Graphic Plotter

Thermal Printer

Output Devices
Speakers/Headset

Data Projectors

Output Devices
Modem

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals

Storage Media
Hard drive
Diskettes
CD-ROM
USB

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Computer Power
- bits and bytes refers to how the
machine stores information at the
lowest, or closest to machine registers
and memory level.
- Bit is a unit of data in the binary
numbering system
- Bytes are group of bits that describes a
single character in the computer

Bits and Bytes

1 bit = a 1 or 0 (b)
8 bits = 1 byte (B)
1024 bytes = 1 Kilobyte
1024 Kilobytes = 1
Megabyte
1024 Megabytes = 1
Gigabyte
1024 Gigabytes = 1
Terabyte

Computer Hardware
Fundamentals
Computer Speed
- Central Processing Unit speed is
measured in cycles per second which
are called clock speed.
- Megahertz refers to one million
cycles per second
- Gigahertz refers to one billion
cycles per second

Questions????

Data Processing
Different Processes Involved in the CPU
1.Instruction Cycle
- Refers to the amount of time to retrieve
the instruction and complete the
command
2. Execution Cycle
- Refers to the amount of time it takes the
CPU to execute the instruction and
stores the results

Basic Operations

Fetching
Decoding
Executing
Storing

Data Processing
INPUT
INSTRUCTIO
N CYCLE:
1.The
control unit
fetches the
instruction
from
memory
2.The
Control Unit
decodes the
instruction
and sends it
to the ALU

MEMORY
CPU

ALU

OUTPUT

EXECUTION
CYCLE:
3. The ALU
executes
the
instruction
4. The
result of the
instruction
is stored in
memory

Computer Software and

System

Software
Is the general term applied to the
instructions that direct the
computers hardware to perform
work.
Also known as PROGRAM
Debugging means checking the
program to ensure that it is free of
error.

Types of Software
1. Systems Software
2. Applications Software

Types of Software
Systems Software
Basic Input Output System (BIOS)
Operating System
Utilities/ Utilities Software
Device Driver

Basic Input Output System

(BIOS)
Is a program that
stores
configuration
details about the
computer
hardware and
enables the
computer to boot
up

Operating System
OS
Is a set of programs
that manages
computer hardware
resources and provide
common services for
application software

Operating System
1. Disk Operating
System (DOS)
- Manages disk files,
allocate system
resources according
to requirements

Operating System
2. Graphical User
Interface (GUI)
- Uses graphics images
or pictures to bring
closer to reality the
ideal that computers
could become selfteaching
- Steve Jobs developed
its own GUI in 1979

Operating System : GUI

- Macintosh FINDER was the first
commercially available GUI in 1984
- Eventually named MacOs
- Microsoft developed its own GUI
called Interface Manager and
eventually called Windows
- Apple PC : Macintosh or Mac OS
- IBM PC : Microsoft Windows

Operating System: UNIX

UNIX
- is amulti-tasking, multiusercomputeroperating
systemoriginally developed in 1969
- Frequently used by scientist and
programmers
- LINUX IBM
- GNOME

Operating System: UNIX

Systems Software: Utilities

Program
that
performs
maintenance tasks for the
computers resource such as
clean-up and organizing files
and program so they would
load and work fast
Programs
that
complete
specialized task related to
managing
the
computers
resources

Systems Software: Utilities

Anti virus
Disk Formatting
File Management
Disk Defragmentation
Uninstall
Diagnostic
File Conversion
Disk Compression
Back up

Systems Software: Utilities

Anti virus

Systems Software: Utilities

Disk Formatting

Systems Software: Utilities

File Management

Systems Software: Utilities

Disk
Defragmentation

System Software : Utilities

Uninstall

System Software : Utilities

Diagnostic

System Software : Utilities

File Conversion

System Software : Utilities

Disk Compression

System Software : Utilities

Back up

System Software
4. Device Drivers
- Program that allows a particular
hardware device to work and
communicate with computer system

Types of Software
2. Applications Software
- Referred to productivity software
- Programs people use to do work,
process data, play games,
communicate with others or watch
multimedia programs on a computer

Categories of Applications
Software
Word Processing Software

Categories of Applications
Software
2. Spreadsheet
Software
- MS Excel
- Apple Numbers
- Lotus 1-2-3
- OpenOffice.org
Cal

Categories of Applications
Software

Categories of Applications
Software
2. Spreadsheet Software

Categories of Applications
Software
3. Desktop Publishing Software
- Has various fonts and creative styles
for designing text and graphics on
page
- Eg. MS Publisher, Adobe PageMaker,
Print Artist

Categories of Applications
Software
4. Database Software
- Fox Pro, MS Access, OpenOffice Base,
Oracle

Categories of Applications
Software
5. Educational Software
- Designed to present a learning
package or topic
- Teaches a certain skills like cooking,
typing tutor and etc
- Math Success, Rapid Typing

Categories of Applications
Software
6. Entertainment Software
- MS Flight Simulator, MS Train
Simulator, Chess and Card Games
- Design to play games

Categories of Applications
Software
7. Graphics Software
- Used to create designs, logos,
presentation, animations and
pictures
- CorelDraw, MS Powerpoint, MS Paint,
Adobe Photoshop

Categories of Applications
Software
8. Personal Information Manager (IPM)
- MS Outlook, Apple iCal
- A program that includes address
book, calendar of appointments,
notes and other information you
want to manage and access when
you needed.

Categories of Applications
Software
9. Presentation Software
- Used to convey information, ideas,
messages or products to a target
group of persons
- MS PowerPoint, OpenOffice.org
Impress, Apple Keynote, Adobe
Persuasion

Categories of Applications
Software
10. Video Software
- Adobe Premier, Apple Final Cut, MS
Movie Maker

Categories of Applications
Software
11. Computer Aided Design (CAD)
- AutoCad, VectorWorks

Categories of Applications
Software
12. Web Page Authorizing Program
- Adobe Dreamweaver, MS FrontPage,
Joomia

Categories of Applications
Software
13. Reference Software
- Encarta Encyclopedia
- Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary

Categories of Applications
Software
14. Accounting Software
- Peachtree Accounting, MYOB
Accounting, Quickbooks Accounting

Categories of Applications
Software
15. Communication Software
- Emial, Internet Telephony, Instant
Messaging

Common Software in
Nursing
1. Admission Discharge and Transfer
(ADT)

ADT

Common Software in
Nursing
2. Medication Administration Record
(MAR)

Common Software in
Nursing
3. Computerized Patient Order Entry
(CPOE)

Common Software in
Nursing
4. Electronic Bulliten Board/Discussion
Board/Electronic Forum

Common Systems Used in

Nursing Practice
1. Stand-Alone/Turn key System
- Patient classification system,
pharmacy and laboratory uses

Common Systems Used in

Nursing Practice
2. Physiologic Monitoring
System
- Used to monitor and
measure continuous
automatic physiologic
finditns
- Oscilloscope (an electronic
device that detects and
converts them into wave
forms on a monitor)

Common Systems Used in

Nursing Practice
3. Expert System
- System containing the information
and decision-making strategies of an
expert to assist in decision making

Common Systems Used in

Nursing Practice
4. Charting System
- Online charting; combination of
MAR/PA/Endorsement/NCP

Charting System

Common Systems Used in

Nursing Practice
5. Point-of-Service
System (POS)
- Ensures that data
are entered at the
point at which
they are collected

OPEN SOURCE AND FREE

SOFTWARE

Related Terms
Freeware
- Software that is offered for free of
charge but without freedom to modify
the source code and redistribute the
changes
Shareware
- A form of commercial software which is
offered on a try before you buy basis

Related Terms
Propriety Software
- A software on which individual or
company holds the exclusive rights
- Right to access the softwares source code
Commercial Software
- Developed by individuals or company with
the aim of making money form its
licensing and use

Related Terms
Licensing
- Giving the user permission to use
something
Copyright
- Described as the exclusively-granted
or owned legal rights to publish,
reproduce, sell

Open Source and Free

Software
Open Source
All features of
Free Software +
you can modify
everything

Free Software
A matter of the
users freedom to
run, copy,
distribute, study,
change and
improve the
software

Examples of OS/FS in
Nursing
OpenEHR
FreeMed

www.openehr.org
www.freemed.org

CARE2X
TORCH
OSCAR

www.care2x.com
www.openparadigms.com
Open Source Cluster Application
Resource
www.oscarforge.net

SPIRIT
SMARTIE
openECG
OSMIA

www.euspirit.org
www.smartie-ist.org
www.openecg.net
www.tina-vision.net

QUESTIONS???