BASIC DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION

LINES

DESIGN AND OPTIMISATION OF POWER

TRANSMISSION LINES
Review of existing system and practices
Selection of clearances
Insulator and insulator string design
Bundle conductor studies
Tower configuration analysis
Tower weight estimation
Foundation volumes estimation
Line cost analysis & span optimization
Economic evaluation of line

MID SPAN CLEARANCE = 9.0 M (MIN)

MAXM.
SAG=12.87 M

GROUND
CLEARANCE =
8.84 M
A= CLEARNCE AT 0 DEG
SWING (FOR
SWITCHING / LIGHTNIG PHASE TO PHASE
OVERVOLTAGE)
CLEARANCE =
8.0M (MIN)
B= CLEARNCE AT MAX
SWING (FOR POWER
FREQ.OVERVOLTAGE)

TYPICAL 400KV S/C TOWER: CLEARANCES

CONDUCTOR SELECTION SCENARIOS

Scenario I
Selection of conductor for a transmission line of
identified voltage level and specified minimum power
flow but power flow capacity becomes ruling factor in
selection of conductor size (low voltage lines).

Scenario II
Selection of conductor for a transmission line with
identified voltage level and a specified minimum power
flow but voltage level becomes ruling factor in selection
of conductor/conductor bundle size (EHV/UHV lines).
Scenario III
Selection of conductor for high power capacity long
distance transmission lines where selection of voltage
level and conductor/conductor bundle size are to be
done together to obtain most optimum solution (HVDC
Bipole).

CONDUCTOR CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY:

Variation w.r.t Emissitivity Coeff.

Current Carrying Capacity

(Amp)

760
740

Conductor- ACSR Moose

Max Temp 75deg C
Ambient Temp: 45 degC
Solar Radiation: 1045 W/sqm
Wind Velocity :2km/hr
Absorption Coeff: 0.8

720
700
680
660
640
620
600
580
560
540
0.23

0.45

0.75

Emmisitivity Coeff

CONDUCTOR TYPES
ACSR
AAAC
ACAR
AAC
New Technology Conductors
- Trapezoidal
- ACSS
- INVAR
- Self Damping
- Vibration Resistant

FLOW CHART FOR TOWER DESIGN

NAME, VOLTAGE, CLASS,
WIND ZONE & BASIC DESIGN
PARAMETERS ( FROM
APPROVED FR OR SEF
GROUP)

GEOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS
DETAILS OF ROUTE & BILL
OF QUANTITIES (FROM SITE)

DESIGN PHILOSPHY (FROM

IS / IEC/ STANDARDISATION
COMMITTEE REPORTS)

INPUTS
REVIEW
CONFOIGURATION & TYPE OF TOWERS
REVIEW
TOWER LOADINGS & CONDITIONS
REVIEW
STURUCTIRAL ANALYSIS
-BY COMPUTER
-BY MANUAL VERIFICATION
REVIEW

DESIGN
STAGES

FINAL DESIGN (THEORITICAL)

STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
PROTO MANUFACTURE/ FABRICATION

TESTING &
FINALISATION

MODIFY DESIGN
SUCCESSFUL

FAILED
PROTO TESTING (FULL SCALE)

DESIGN FINALISED

FLOW CHART FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN

START

MAXIMUM/ CRITICAL TOWER LOADINGS FROM TOWER DESIGN/ PREVIOUS SIMILAR FDN
DESIGN
, TOWER DIMENSIONS & SLOPE FROM TOWER DESIGN
REVIEW

INPUTS

FOUNDATION LOADINGS
TYPE OF FDN FROM BOQ (SITE INPUT), SOIL
PROPERTIES FROM SPECN/ SOIL INV. REPORT
& CONCRETE PROPERTIES FROM SPECN

DESIGN PHILOSPHY (FROM IS/ CBIP /

(STANDARDISATION COMMITTEE
REPORTS)
REVIEW

FOUNDATION DESIGN BY COMPUTER /MANUALLY

REVIEW

YES

LARGE VARIATION WRT PREVIOUS

SIMILAR DESIGN/ NIT ESTIMATE ?

FOUNDATION DRAWINGS

REVIEW

YES

FINALISATION
REVIEW

DESIGN FINALISED

END

INSULATOR AND INSULATOR STRING DESIGN

Electrical design considerations
Insulation design depends on
- Pollution withstand Capability
Min. nominal creepage dist. = Min nominal
specific creepage dist X highest system voltage
phase to phase of the system
Creepage Distance of insulator string required for different

pollution levels
Pollution
Level

Equiv. Salt Deposit Density

(mg/cm2)

Minm nominal specific

creepage dist (mm/Kv)

Light

0.03 to 0.06

16

Medium

0.10 to 0.20

20

Heavy

0.20 to 0.60

25

Very Heavy

>0.60

31

- Switching/ Lightning Over voltage

INSULATOR AND INSULATOR STRING DESIGN

Mechanical design considerations
a) Everyday Loading Condition
Everyday load 20 to 25% of insulator rated strength.

b) Ultimate Loading Condition

Ultimate load on insulator to not exceed 70% of

its rating. This limit corresponds roughly to pseudoelastic limit.
c)In addition, capacity of tension insulator strings
at least 10 % more than rated tensile strength of the
line conductors.

SALIENT DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS & IMPORTANT

PARAMETERS OF 800KV KISHENPUR-MOGA
TRANSMISSION LINE
ELECTRICAL DATA
A). NOMINAL VOLTAGE

765KV

B). MAXIMUM SYSTEM VOLTAGE

800KV

C). LIGHTNING IMPULSE WITHSTAND VOLTAGE

2400kVp

D). POWER FREQUENCY WITHSTAND VOLTAGE (WET)

830 kVrms

E). SWITCHING IMPULSE WITHSTAND VOLTAGE (WET)

1550 kVp

F). MINIMUM CORONA EXTINCTION VOLTAGE (DRY)

510kVrms

G). RIV AT 1 MHZ FOR PHASE TO EARTH VOLTAGE

OF 510 kVrms

1000uV

CONDUCTOR BUNDLE SELECTION (800 KV Kishenpur-Moga)

-

QUAD ACSR BERSIMIS

STRANDING - 42/4.57 + 7/2.54, DIA - 33.05 MM,
WEIGHT - 2.181 KG/M, UTS - 154KN
SUB-CONDUCTOR SPACING - 457 MM

TOWERS, FOUNDATIONS (800 KV Kishenpur-Moga)

-

SELF SUPPORTING TYPE OF TOWERS

FAMILY SELECTED : 0 DEG, 5 DEG & 15 DEG SUS.
30 DEG & 60 DEG TENSION
REINFORCED CONCRETE TYPE FOUNDATIONS

TOWER ELECTRICAL CLEARANCE (800 KV Kishenpur-Moga)

-

ELECTRICAL CLEARANCE OF 1.3M CORRESPONDING TO 50 HZ.

POWER FREQUENCY - TO BE MAINTAINED UNDER 55 DEG.
SWING ANGLE.

ELECTRICAL CLEARANCE OF 4.4 M CORRESPONDING TO

SWITCHING SURGE LEVELS OF 1.75 p.u. - TO BE MAINTAINED
UNDER 25 DEG. SWING ANGLE.

ELECTRICAL CLEARANCE OF 5.1 M TO TOP & 5.6 M TO SIDE

(+0.5M
ADDED FOR LIVE LINE MAINTENANCE) - TO BE
MAINTAINED UNDER STATIONARY CONDITIONS.
-

PHASE CLEARANCE : 15M

MID SPAN CLEARANCE : 9M
SHIELDING ANGLE : 20 DEG.
GROUND CLEARANCE : 15 M
{BASED ON ELECTRICAL FIELD LIMIT OF 10KV/M.(AS PER
IRPA/WHO GUIDELINES}

INSULATORS (800KV Kishenpur-Moga)

FOR SUSPENSION TOWERS :
-

0 DEG : DOUBLE SUSPENSION 120KN FOR I STRING (2X40)

(IVI) SINGLE SUSPENSION 210 KN FOR V STRING(2X35 )

5 DEG : DOUBLE SUSPENSION 120 KN FOR I STRING (2X40)

(IVI)
DOUBLE SUSPENSION 160/210KN FOR V STRING
(2X2X35)

15 DEG:DOUBLE SUSPENSION 210 KN (4X35)

(VVV)

FOR TENSION TOWERS :

-

QUAD TENSION 210 KN

RIGHT OF WAY & INTERFERENCE (Kishenpur-Moga)

-

RIGHT OF WAY - 85M

ELECTRICAL FIELD AT EDGE OF RIGHT OF WAY < 2KV/M
RI AND AN AT EDGE OF RIGHT OF WAY:

VOLTAGE(kV) ALTITUDE(M) RI (DB)

(FAIRWEATHER)
800
765
800
765
-

1000
1000
500
500

50.3
48.0
48.7
46.4

AN(dBA)
(WETCONDUCTOR)
58.2
55.9
56.5
54.2

RI AND AN LEVELS ARE WITHIN INTERNATIONAL

ACCEPTABLE LIMITS.

LOADING CRITERIA (800 KV Kishenpur-Moga)

-

WIND ZONE - 4 (47M/SEC BASIC WIND SPEED).

150 YEAR RETURN PERIOD. AS PER REVISED IS-802.
DESIGN WIND PRESSURE ON CONDUCTOR - 1825 Pa
NARROW FRONT WIND LOADING EQUIVALENT TO
WIND SPEED OF 250 KM/HR. APPLIED ON TOWER
BODY.
RULING SPAN - 400 M
MAXM. WIND SPAN - 400 M
WEIGHT SPANS MAXM - 600M FOR SUSPENSION & 750 M FOR
TENSION TOWERS
MINM - 200M FOR SUSPENSION & -200M FOR
TENSION TOWERS.

800KV S/C KISHENPUR-MOGA TRANSMISSION LINE

DESCRIPTION

ALTERNATIVES/PARAMETERS/ RESULTS

Conductor Bundle

(I) 8 nos. ACSR types with dia ranging from 30.56mm to 38.2mm. (2) 5 nos.
ACAR types with dia ranging from 30.40mm to 35.80mm. (3) 5 nos. AAAC
types with dia ranging from 31.50mm to 35.8mm.

Spans

300 m,350 m,400 m,450 m,500 m,550 m,600 m

Basic Design Considerations

(A) Wind Zone
(B) Reliability Level
(C) Power Flow
(D) System Voltage
Results
(A) Optimum Conductor Bundle
(B) Span
i. Ruling
ii. Maximum Wind Span
iii. Weight Spans
iv. Maximum ratio wind to weight span.
Line Parameters
(A) Clearances
i. Live Metal Clearance
ii. Minimum Ground Clearance
iii. Minimum Phase Clearance
(B) Insulator String
i. Suspension Towers
0 deg. (I-V-I)
5 deg.(I-V-I)
15 deg. (V-V-V)
(C) Interference Performance
i. Audible Noise
ii. Radio Interference

Wind Zone 4 as per IS:875(1987)

2 as per IS:802 (1995)
2500 MW
800kV
QUAD ACSR BERSIMIS
400 m
400 m
200 to 600 m for suspension towers, -200 to 750 m for tension towers
1.4

5.10 m for switching surge,1.3m for power frequency

15.0m
15.0 m
Double I Suspension with 2x 40 nos, 120 kN disc insulators and single
suspension V string with 35 nos, 210kN disc insulators in each arm.
Double I Suspension with 2x 40 nos, 120 kN disc insulators and double
suspension V string with 2x35 nos, 160/210kN disc insulators in each arm.
Double V Suspension with 2x35 nos, 210kN disc insulators in each arm
58dBA
50 dB/1V/m at 834 kHz