CECOS University of IT

&
Emerging Sciences

Mechanical Engineering
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
BY
Engr.M Irfan Khan
Lecture # 3
1

Lecture-3
2

WE WILL STUDY TODAY

Introduction
to
some
basic
terms/Components.
(refrigerant,
evaporator, condenser, compressors
heat exchangers etc)
Discussion on Vapour Compression
cycle

What is Refrigerant??
Arefrigerantis a substance or mixture, usually
afluid, used in aheat pump and refrigeration cycle.
In most cycles it undergoesphase transitionsfrom
aliquidto agasand back again.
Manyworking fluidshave been used for such
purposes.
Fluorocarbons, speciallychlorofluorocarbons, became
commonplace in the 20th century, but they are being
phased out because of theirozone depletioneffects.

Other common refrigerants used in various

applications areammonia,sulfur dioxide, and nonhalogenatedhydrocarbons such aspropane
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What is compressor???
An compressoris a device that
converts power (usually from an
electric motor, a diesel engine or a
gasoline
engine)
into
potential
energy by forcing a fluid into a
smaller volume and thus increasing
its pressure. The energy in the
compressed fluid can be stored while
the fluid remains pressurized.
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What is a heat
Exchanger???

A heat exchanger is a device

designed to efficiently transfer or
"exchange" heat from one matter to
another. When a fluid is used to
transfer heat, the fluid could be a
liquid, such as water or oil, or could
be moving air

What is a condenser???
A condenser is simply a heat
exchanger
In
systems
involvingheat
transfer,
acondenseris
a
device
or
unit
used
tocondensea substance from
itsgaseousto
itsliquidstate,
by cooling it. In doing so ,
thelatent heatis given up by
the substance, and will transfer
to the condenser coolant.
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What is an Evaporator???
The evaporator works the opposite of
the condenser, here refrigerant liquid
is converted to gas, absorbing heat
from the air in the compartment

Expansion device or
Capillary???
Athermal expansion valve(often
abbreviated
asTEV,TXV,
orTX
valve)
is
a
component
inrefrigerationandair
conditioningsystems that controls
the amount of refrigerant flow into
the evaporator thereby controlling
thesuperheatingat the outlet of
theevaporator. Thermal expansion
valves
are
often
referred
to

TON OF
REFRIGERATION ???

Cooling is typically
measured in tons
One ton of cooling is
equivalent to 12,000
BTU/Hour.
12,000 BTU/hr is the
amount of heat required to
melt one ton of ice in 24hrs
1BTU = 1.0556 KJ
1BTU = 0.25216 KiloCalorie
1K.C = 4.186 KJ

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Air Conditioning definition

Conditioning of air in an environment to provide
comfort or process will do some or all of the
following:
1. Heating:- Comfort, storage, and process
2. Cooling:- Comfort, storage, and process
3. Cleaning:- Microbial filters in pharmaceutical
plants, clean rooms, and hospitals
4. Humidifying:- Comfort, manufacturing, and
storage
5. Dehumidifying:- Comfort, manufacturing, and
storage
6. Exchanging air: - Providing a percentage of
outside (fresh) air for odor dilution, oxygen
depletion, and positive pressure
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Refrigeration Systems
Vapor Compression System
Vapor Absorption System
Mechanical
work as
input

Heat
energy as
input
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Let us consider a
situation

13

There is
water on the
table

14

Apply this
scenario to the
room we are
setting in
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Refrigera
nt

Refrigerant under
low pressure
absorbs heat
(evaporator)

The
problem=Heat (as
it is summer)

Compressor

Condenser to
dump the heat
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Vapour Compression Refrigeration

Refrigeration cycle

Condenser

High
Pressure
Side

4
Expansion
Device

Compressor

1
Evaporator

Low
Pressure
Side
17

Type of Refrigeration
Low pressure liquid refrigerant in
evaporator absorbs heat and
changes to a gas

/Refrigeration & AC

Vapour Compression Refrigeration

Refrigeration cycle
3

Condenser

High
Pressure
Side

4
Expansion
Device

Compressor

Low
Pressure
Side

Evaporator
18

Type of Refrigeration
The superheated vapour enters the
compressor where its pressure is
raised

Vapour Compression Refrigeration

Refrigeration & AC

Refrigeration cycle
3

Condenser

High
Pressure
Side

4
Expansion
Device

Compressor

Low
Pressure
Side

Evaporator
19

Type of Refrigeration
The high pressure superheated gas
is cooled in several stages in the
condenser

Vapour Compression Refrigeration

Refrigeration & AC

Refrigeration cycle
3

Condenser

High
Pressure
Side

4
Expansion
Device

Compressor

Low
Pressure
Side

Evaporator
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Type of Refrigeration
Liquid passes through expansion device,
which reduces its pressure and controls the
flow into the evaporator

Vapour Compression Refrigeration

Refrigeration & AC

Refrigeration cycle
3

Condenser

High
Pressure
Side

4
Expansion
Device

Compressor

Low
Pressure
Side

Evaporator
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Vapor Compression System on a

P-V diagram

Condenser

High
Press
ure
Side

4
Expan
Compr
sion
Device essor
2

1
Evaporator

Low
Pres
sure
Side

22

23

Vapor Compression Cycle of T-S Diagram

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Today we have
accomplished
Understanding of

Vapor
Compression
Cycle/System for
Refrigeration
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