PASSIVE VOICE

ISWANTO LIYADI

6103015026

MIKHAEL SANTOSO 6103015092

YOSHEFINE DELANEIRA 6103015149
FELICIA VALENTINA 6103015070

DEFINITION
The passive voice is a
grammatical construction (specifically, a
"voice"). The noun or noun phrase that would
be the object of an active sentence (Our
troops defeated the enemy) appears as the
subject of a sentence with passive voice (The
enemy was defeated by our troops).

WHEN DO WE USE PASSIVE VOICE?

A. When the RECEIVER of an action is the EMPHASIS
Look! A mermaid is found by the fishermen!

B. When it is NOT NECESSARY to mention the DOER

of an action
I was born in August.

C.

When the DOER of an action is NOT KNOWN

Miss Leungs diamond ring was stolen!

HOW TO MAKE A PASSIVE SENTENCE?

The object of an active sentence becomes the subject of a passive voice.
The subject of an active sentence is the object of by in the by-phrase
is a passive sentence.
The form of all passive verbs is BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
BE : is, am, are, was, were, has been, have been, will be, etc
THE PAST PARTICIPLE : follows BE
Regular verbs :the past participle ends in ed (conducted, tested)
Some past participles are irregular (brought, taught)

 Passive sentences are common in scientific writing to maintain

objective views of the writer and to hide an unimportant doer.
The by-phrase is used in passive sentences when it is
important to know who performs an action.
Ussualy there is no by-phrase in a passive sentence. The
passive is used when it is not known or not important to know
exactly who performs an action.

EXAMPLE
Active:
Rita writes a letter.
S V
O
Passive:
A letter is written by Rita.
S
V by-phrase

Normal Passive

Ditransitive Verbs

NOTE :
DO = DIRECT OBJECT
IO = INDIRECT OBJECT
AC = AGENT COMPLIMENT

Active object
Active verb
Active subject
compliment

Passive subject
Be + participle
Agent

Active : S + V + IO + DO
Passive :
DO(subject) + V(passive) + IO + AC
IO(subject) + V(passive) + DO + AC

PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES

Form : Modal +be + past participle
Modal : will, can, should, ought to, must, has to,
may, might, could
Example :
A : Our English teacher may give an exam today.
P : An exam may be given by our English teacher
today.
Normal
Passive

SIMPLE PRESENT
Form : Is/are + past particle
Example:
A : Deva eats bread every morning
P : Bread is eaten by Deva every
morning
Normal
Passive

SIMPLE PAST
Form : Was/were + past particle
Example:
A : Somebody cleaned this room
everyday
P : This room was cleaned everyday
Normal
Passive

SIMPLE FUTURE
Form : Will + be + past participle
Example:
A : I will tell a story tomorrow
P : A story will be told by me
tomorrow
Normal
Passive

PRESENT PERFECT
Form : Have/has + been + Past
particle
Example:
A : He has finished the script
P : The script has been finished
Normal
Passive

PAST PERFECT
Form : Had + been + past participle
Example:
A : Tina had read the book three times
P : The book had been read by Tina three
times

Normal
Passive

PRESENT CONTINOUS
Form : Is/are + being + Past
participle
Example:
A : Rose is sewing a sweater
P : A sweater is being sewed
Normal
Passive

PAST CONTINOUS
Form : Was/were + being + past
participle
Example:
A : Marsha was singing a song when I arrived
P : A song was being sung by Marsha when I
arrived
Normal
Passive

DITRANSITIVE VERBS
Some verb that have two objects :
Direct object and Indirect object
Some of these verbs are:
Give LendOrder Hand
Send Ask Pay
Grant
Show TellBring Allow

With these verbs, changes into passive can be

done in 2 different ways
Active : S + V + IO +DO
Passive :DO(subject) + V(passive) + IO + AC
IO(subject) + V(passive) + DO + AC

Ditransitive
verbs

Example :
A : The ministry of education granted
them $2000
P : $2000 were granted to them by the
ministry of education
Or
P : They were granted $2000 by the
ministry of education
Ditransitive
verbs

Thank
You