Alligation

And Mixture

What is Alligation ?
What is Mixture ?
What is Difference between Alligation and Mixture?

Mixture:Mixing of two or more than two type of

quantitiesgivesusamixture.
Example:
Quantitiesoftheseelementscanbeexpressedas
percentageorratio.(20%ofsugarinwater)
Fraction(Asolutionofsugarandwatersuchthat
sugar:water=1:4)

Alligation : Alligation is a rule which is used to

solve the problems related to mixture and its
ingredient.
Itistherulethatenablesustofindtheratioinwhich
two or more ingredients at the given price must be
mixedtoproduceamixtureofdesiredprice.

Alligation Rule
Whentwoelementsaremixedtomakeamixtureand
one of the elements is cheaper and other one is
costlierthen,

Diagram Representation

Examples
Q.InwhatproportionmustsugaratRs40perkgbe
mixedwithsugaratRs60perkgsothatthemixture
beRs55perkg?
A.1:3
B.1:4
C.1:5
D.None

 Cheaper/dearer= 60-55:55-40
=5/15=1:3

Mixture of more than two elements.

**This method is a bit tricky initially but if
you practice it then it becomes quite easy.
Q.Howmustashopownermix4typesofriceworth
Rs95,Rs60,Rs90andRs50perkgsothathecan
makethemixtureofthesesugarsworthRs80perkg?
Ans:3 : 2 : 4 : 6

Rule 2:
Removal and Replacement
If a vessel contains x liters of liquidAand if y
litersbewithdrawnandreplacedbyliquidB,thenif
y liters of the mixture be withdrawn and replaced
byliquidB,andtheoperationisrepeatedntimesin
all,then:

Example on Rule 2:
Q.Acontaineriscontaining80literofwine.8literof
winewastakenoutfromthiscontainerandreplaced
by water. This process was further repeated two
times.Howmuchwineisthereinthecontainernow?
A.58.32ltr
B.57.89ltr
C.54.66ltr
D.None

 (1-8/80)^3*80
9/10*9/10*9/10*80
58.32 ltr

Rule 3:
pgramofingredientsolutionhasa%ingredientinit.
To increase the ingredient content to b% in the
solution

Example on Rule 3:
Q. 125 liter of mixture of milk and water contains
25% ofwater. How much water mustbeadded toit
tomakewater30%inthenewmixture?
A.8.92ltr
B.6.76ltr
C.7.89ltr
D.5.67ltr

 125(30-25)/100-30
125*5/70
8.92 ltr

Some Shortcut Formulas

Rule 1
If n different vessels of equal size are filled
withthemixtureofPandQintheratiop 1:q1,
p2: q2, , pn: qnand content of all these
vesselsaremixedinonelargevessel,then

Example on this Rule 1:

Q. Three equal buckets containing the mixture of
milkandwateraremixedintoabiggerbucket.Ifthe
proportion of milk and water in the glasses are 3:1,
2:3 and 4:2 then find the proportion of milk and
waterinthebiggerbucket.
A.109:71
B.108:77
C.190:73
D.None

 M=3/4+2/5+4/2=218/60
W=1/4+3/5+2/6=142/60
M/W=109/71

Rule 2:
Ifndifferentvesselsofsizesx1,x2,,xnarefilled
withthemixtureofPandQintheratiop1:q1,p2:q2,
, pn: qnand content of all these vessels are
mixedinonelargevessel,then

Example On Rule 2:
Q. Three buckets of size 2 liter, 4 liter and 5 liter
containing the mixture of milk and water are mixed
into a bigger bucket. If the proportion of milk and
waterintheglassesare3:1,2:3and4:2thenfindthe
proportionofmilkandwaterinthebiggerbucket.
A.193:137
B.199:134
C.197:165
D.None

 M=3*2/4+2*4/5+4*5/2=193/60
W=1*2/4+3*4/5+2*5/6=137/60
M/W=193/137

Examples:
Q1.Avesselisfilledwithliquid,3partsofwhichare
water and 5 parts syrup. How much of the mixture
mustbedrawnoffandreplacedwithwatersothatthe
mixturemaybehalfwaterandhalfsyrup?
A.1/5
B.1/6
C.1/8
D.None

 Suppose the vessel initially contains x litres of

liquid.
Water=3x/8, syrup =5x/8
After y litre mixture is replaced by water
Water=3x/8-3y/8+y , syrup= 5x/8-5y/8
At end half water and half syrup
Ratio 1:1
i.e 3x/8-3y/8+y=5x/8-5y/8
3x+5y/8=5/8(x-y)
Y=1x/5

Q2.Inwhatratiomustagrocermixtwovarietiesof
pulsescostingRs.15andRs.20perkgrespectively
soastogetamixtureworthRs.16.50kg?
A.7:3
B.4:5
C.6:4
D.None

 By the rule of alligation:

Cheaper quantity/dearer
quantity=20-16.50/16.50-15
Required rate = 3.50 : 1.50 = 7 : 3.

Q3.Adishonestmilkmanprofessestosellhismilkat
cost price but he mixes it with water and thereby
gains25%.Thepercentageofwaterinthemixtureis:
A.20%
B.10%
C.11%
D.None

 Let C.P. of 1 litre milk be Re. 1

Then, S.P. of 1 litre of mixture = Re. 1, Gain =
25%.
C.P. of 1 litre mixture = Re. 100 x 1 / 125=4/ 5
By the rule of alligation, we have:
Cheaper /dearer=1-4/5/4/5-0
Ratio of water to milk = 1: 4
Hence, percentage of water in the mixture =
1/5 x 100 % = 20%.

Q4. How many kilogram of sugar costing Rs. 9 per

kgmustbemixedwith27kgofsugarcostingRs.7
perkgsothattheremaybeagainof10%byselling
themixtureatRs.9.24perkg?
A.63KG
B.66KG
C.67KG
D.None

S.P. of 1 kg of mixture = Rs. 9.24, Gain 10%.

9.24 = Rs.110*C.P of mixture /100
C.P of mixture =rs 8.40
By the rule of allilation, we have:
Cheaper/dearer=9-8.4/8.4-7
Ratio of cheaper to dearer = 6:14= 3:7
Letxkg of sugar of dearer be mixed with 27 kg of
cheaperkind.
Then, 3:7=27:x
x=7 x 27= 63 kg.3

Q5.Amerchanthas1000kgofsugar,partofwhich
he sells at 8% profit and the rest at 18% profit. He
gains 14% on the whole. The quantity sold at 18%
profitis:
A.600Kg
B.700Kg
C.750Kg
D.None

By alligation rule
Cheaper/dearer=18-14/14-8
4:6
Quantity sold at 18%
profit=6*1000/10=600kg

Q6.Inwhatratiomustagrocermixtwovarietiesof
tea worth Rs. 60 a kg and Rs. 65 a kg so that by
selling the mixture at Rs. 68.20 a kg he may gain
10%?
A.3:2
B.3:5
C.3:6
D.None

Q.7A80litervesselisfullofwine.10literofthemixture
istakenoutandwaterispouredintothevesseluntilitis
full. This process is done for three times. What is the
quantityofthewaterinthemixture?
A.26.4
B.28.2
C.30.9
D.None

Q.980%ofthemixtureinvesselAismilk.Ifthevessel
contains 150 liters of water and milk, what quantity of
water should be added to make the ratio of water and
milkntheratio1:2.
A.30
B.45
C.38
D.None

Milk 80%=120,water=30
Water:milk 30:120
New ratio water to milk 1:2
Suppose x ltr water is added
30+x/120=1/2
X=30 ltr

Q.108 litres are drawn from a cask full of wine and is

thenfilledwithwater.Thisoperationisperformedthree
moretimes.Theratioofthequantityofwinenowleftin
casktothatofwateris16:65.Howmuchwinedidthe
caskholdoriginally?
A.18litres
B.24litres
C.32litres
D.42litres

 Let the quantity of the wine in the cask

originally be x litres.
Then, quantity of wine left in cask after 4
operations = x 1 - 8 4 litres. x
x(1 - (8/x))4 = 16 x 81
1-84=24x3
x-8=2x3
3x - 24 = 2x
x = 24.

Q.11 Rice A of Rs40 per kg is mixed with rice B of

Rs10 per kg to give rice C of Rs20 per kg. If 50kg of
riceAistaken,whatisthequantityofriceC
A.150
B.160
C.170
D.None

 Cheaper/dearer quantity=40-20/2010
Ratio=2:1
Rice at 40 rs=1/3 of total =50 kg
(given)
Suppose total=x
1x/3=50
X=150