INPUT AND OUTPUT

Prepared By :
Cheow Kevin (1B420141082DIT)
Lim Siew Lan (12015S2-1269DIT)
Wong Hui Yang (12015S2-1241DIT)
Samuel Rubern (1B420141083DIT)

Introduction
Input devices :
Any hardware component that
allows you to enter data and
instructions into a computer or
mobile device.
Instructions that a computer or
mobile device processes can be
in the form of :
Software
A command
A user response

Output devices :
Any hardware component
that conveys information
from a computer or mobile
device to one or more
people.
Types of output :
Text
Graphics
Audio
Video

Human Readable
External Devices
(Peripheral)

Machine Readable
Communication

I/O Bus Connection

Bus is a collection of wires
through which data is transmitted
from one part of a computer to
another.
The Bus is simply a common set
of wires that connect all the
computer devices and chips
together

I/O
Module

I/O
Module

Control
and Timing

Processor
Communication

Device
Communication

Major functions of I/O Module

Data Buffering

Error Detection

Programmed I/O
Overview :
Data exchanged between Processor I/O Module
Prosessor executes a program Without Interrupts
-

Sensing device status

Sending a read and command
Encounters an instruction
Transferring data

With Interrupts
Direct Memory Access (DMA)

Commands:
-First procedure issued by
processor to programmed I/O
-4 types of commands
(Control, Test, Read, Write)

Instructions:
- Issued by processor
-Fetches from memory and
the I/O Commands

Instruction
I/O devices connected
through I/O module to
the system through
address.
When the processor
issues an I/O
command, the
command contains
address.
I/O module must
interpret the address

Instruction (mode of addressing)

(a)Separate I/O and memory space

(-) Command line specifies
(b)Memory-Mapped I/O
- Single address space
- Uses the same machine instruction to access both
memory(status and data register) and I/O devices.

Interrupt Driven I/O

Direct Access Memory (DMA)

DMA Mechanism

Techniques of Interrupts
No Interrupts

With Interrupts

Direct Access Memory

(DMA)

Firewire

Originally developed by Apple Computer Inc.

is a high-speed serial input/output (I/O)
technology for connecting peripheral devices to a
computer or to each other.
FireWire was adopted in 1995
FireWire800 (an implementation of the IEEE
1394b standard approved in 2002)

Infiniband

Is a recent I/O specification aimed at the high-end server

market.
The first version of the specification was released
in early 2001
The switch-based architecture can connect up to
64,000 servers, storage systems, and networking
devices.
not necessary to have the basic I/O interface
hardware inside the server chassis
Operation :
called virtual lanes
Data are sent in the form of a stream of packets
The InfiniBand switch maps traffic from an
incoming lane to an outgoing lane to route the
data between the desired end points.
can send data faster than another destination
device can receive it

Conclusion
Input devices enter data and instructions into a computer or
mobile device. Output device conveys information from a
computer or mobile device to one or more people.
3 catogories of external device (peripheral)
are Human readable,Machine
readable,Communication.
I/O module : The module connects computer
components through a set of signal lines (system
bus). A status register function as a control
register, to accept detailed control information
from the processor.
Major functions of an I/O module includes Control
and
timing,Processor, communication,
Device c
ommunication, Data buffering,Error

Conclusion
Data exchanged between Processor I/O
Module
Prosessor executes a program including Sensing
device status,Sending a read and command ,Encounters an
instruction and Transferring data .

Module of instruction are isolate & mapped I/O

Techineques of interuppt : no interrupt, with
interrupt, DMA
Firewire high-speed serial input/output (I/O)
technology for connecting peripheral devices to a
computer or to each other.
Infiniteband : architecture can connect up to
64,000 servers, storage systems, and networking
devices. Operation of infinite band called virtual