Living things in their

environment

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Contents

Living things in their environment

Habitats
Adaptations
Feeding types
Food chains
Food webs
Summary activities
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Habitats
What is a habitat?
The place where an organism lives is called its habitat.
What makes a habitat?
A habitat has all of the
things that an organism
needs to survive such as
the right amount of light,
oxygen and water.

How would you describe your habitat?

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Different types of habitats

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Which land habitat?

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Which water habitat?

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Contents

Living things in their environment

Habitats
Adaptations
Feeding types
Food chains
Food webs
Summary activities
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What are adaptations?

Organisms need to have special features which help
them to survive in their habitat. These special features
are called adaptations.
For example, you have plenty of adaptations to survive
in your habitat. Your fingers are an excellent adaptation.
Without their ability to grip you would not be able to do
all of that schoolwork!
Some adaptations are obvious while others are not so
obvious.
Can you think of any other adaptations that you have?

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Adaptations in different habitats

These organisms are all adapted to their environments in
different ways. How are they specially adapted to survive?

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Adaptations in similar habitats

These animals have similar habitats but different adaptations.

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What are adaptations for?

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A new species
Scientists have discovered this strange new species in
Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Limnonectes larvaepartus
Usually, we found the frog
produce and carry eggs
(ovipar). But, the scientist
has discovered a new
species which is the frog
direct carry tadpole
(ovovivipar).

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Daily adaptations
Many things in the environment change on a daily basis.
For example, the temperature and the amount of light.

Organisms adapt to the type of habitat they live in and also

have to adapt to the daily changes in their habitat.
For example, many flowers open their petals during the day
to catch the Sun and close them at night for protection from
early morning frost.
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Yearly adaptations
The environment also changes on a yearly basis with the
seasons. This may bring about changes in light and
temperature but also in the availability of food and water.
Organisms must also
find some way to adapt
to these yearly changes.
Organisms have come
up with many different
ways to achieve this.
For example, many animals hibernate over winter to deal
with food shortages.

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Daily or yearly activity

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Contents

Living things in their environment

Habitats
Adaptations
Feeding types
Food chains
Food webs
Summary activities
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Feeding types
Different types of animals can be grouped in several ways.
One grouping system is based on how animals feed.
Some organisms produce their own
food. These are called producers.
Plants produce their own food using light
energy from the Sun. Some types of
bacteria can also make their own food
by using light or chemical reactions.
Other organisms cannot
make their own food.
These are called consumers.

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Consumers
Consumers can be grouped into different types:

Herbivores
These consumers eat producers.
This means plants and possibly bacteria.

Carnivores
These consumers eat other consumers.
They eat animals.

Omnivores
These consumers eat other consumers
and producers. They eat animals and
plants. Most humans are omnivores.
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Feeding types

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Contents

7C Feeding Relationships
Habitats
Adaptations
Feeding types
Food chains
Food webs
Summary activities
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Food chains what eats what?

What is the food chain in this habitat?

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Food chains
A food chain shows what is eaten by what.
Each arrow means eaten by.

leaf

caterpillar

bird

cat

What does this food chain show?

A leaf is eaten by a caterpillar, which is eaten by a bird,
which is eaten by a cat.
Energy is transferred from one organism to another in
the direction of the arrow,.
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Food chains draw your own

Draw your own food chains based on the following
guidelines:
a) A food chain from a forest.
b) A food chain from an ocean.
c)

A food chain with four organisms in it.

d) A food chain that ends with you!

Use arrows (
) to show the transfer of energy
between the organisms that you choose.

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Food chains and feeding types

Food chains always start with a producer.
If the producer is a plant it can be any part of the plant, such as the
seeds, fruits, leaves or even dead leaves.
From looking at a food chain we can tell if an organism is a
producer, a herbivore or a carnivore.

leaf

caterpillar

cat

What are the feeding types of the animalsbird

in this food chain?

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Food chains and feeding types activity

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Ranking consumers
Consumers eat plants or animals, or both.
A food chain can be used to rank different types of consumers.

seaweed
producer

limpet
primary
consumer

crayfish

human

secondary
consumer

tertiary
consumer

producers make their own food;

primary consumers eat producers;
secondary consumers eat primary consumers;
tertiary consumers eat secondary consumers.

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Ranking consumers activity

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Contents

7C Feeding Relationships
Habitats
Adaptations
Feeding types
Food chains
Food webs
Summary activities
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What is a food web?

Most animals would get pretty fed up if they only ate one thing.
Instead, they usually eat many different things and are
involved in lots of different food chains.
plants aphid ladybird blue tit owl
plants moth larva blue tit owl
plants moth larva spider chiffchaff owl
plants vole stoat
plants vole owl
These food chains can be put together in a food web,
which shows how the food chains are connected.
What would the food web look like for these food chains?
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What is a food web?

chiffchaff
owl
blue tit
stoat

spider

ladybird

moth larva
vole
aphid

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Using a food web

1.Name the producer in
this food web.
2.Name two herbivores
in this food web.
3.Name two species that
are top carnivores.
4.How many secondary
consumers are there?
5.Which food chains
include a moth larva?

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owl
stoat
blue tit

chiffchaff
spider

vole

ladybird
moth larva
aphid
plants
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Build a food web

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Contents

7C Feeding Relationships
Habitats
Adaptations
Feeding types
Food chains
Food webs
Summary activities
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WATER POLLUTION

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WATER POLLUTION

Effects of water pollution

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AIR POLLUTION

What is an air pollution?

Can you give some examples about air pollution?

Whats the effect of air pollution?

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OZONE DEPLETION

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What is ozone?
What is ozone layer?
What is ozone layer depletion?
What is the effects of ozone depletion?

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Glossary
adaptation A feature that helps an organism live in a
particular place.

carnivore An organism that only eats other animals.

consumer An organism that feeds on plants or animals.
food chain A sequence that shows feeding relationships
and the transfer of energy between organisms.

food web Food chains that are linked to show the

complex feeding relationships in a habitat.

habitat The place where an organism lives.

herbivore An organism that only eats plants.
omnivore An organism that eats both plants and animals.
producer A plant that makes food by photosynthesis.
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