TOPIC 3 : LIFT

CB505 BUILDING
TRANSPORTATION

Introduction

Lift is elevator or is a transport device used to

move goods or people vertically. It required in
all buildings that over three storeys. Minimum
standard service of the lift is one lift is for every
four storeys. The maximum distance lift from
the lift lobby is 45 m.
The floor space in the lift car is based on an
area of 0.2 m2 per person.
The positioning of lift should be at locations
which provide easy means of access for all
building users.

The requirement of the lift system

A building should be studied carefully to
install an elevator system; it is because
of the cost and many factors. Among the
factors that influence the decision
whether to install it or not, an elevator
system in a building is as follows:a) The requirements of the law
b) The importance of building users
c) Overcoming the emergencies in
buildings

a) The requirements of the law

Uniform Building Local by Law 1984 set of a nonresidential building must be installed elevator system
if the building is less than 4 storey building.
b)

The importance of building users

Offices, hospitals, shopping malls or apartment is the

focal point masses. The owners of a building certainly
have their own economic interests and want a lot of
visitors to come to their building so the owner is
responsible to provide as much convenience for the
visitor. The convenient elevator service is one of the
intended facilities.

c) Overcoming the emergencies in

buildings

The owner of a building is responsible to

ensure the safety of building users and
the requirement of the fire brigade so
that the building has an elevator must
also provide the fire emergency lifts.

The types of lift system

The types of lifts can be divided into two;
there are electric lift and hydraulic lift.
Electric lift

The Hydraulic Lift

The advantages and

disadvantages of using electric
and hydraulic lifts
Electric lift
Advantages:
Faster and smoother ride than hydraulics.
More energy efficient.
Cost little more to buy.
Uses no oil
All components are located at the top level of the
building.

Disadvantages:
Equipment can be harder to service and maintain.

Hydraulic lift
Advantages:
Suitable for use in low-rise buildings.
Cheaper because it has no cables, complex
equipment, lot of safety equipment and the
machine room at the top of the building.
The lift can bear a greater load.
No space required for counterweight.
Hydraulic ram and fluid driven piston are casting
in a unit at the lift well.
Smooth ride characteristics.
Pump room can be located up to 10 m from the
shaft.

Disadvantages:
Requires substantial cost to put hydraulic lift
components at the basement then this may be a
major limiting factors.
The uses of hydraulic ram and fluid driven piston,
limit the hydraulic lift services to applications with a
maximum of 75 car trips ft (25m).
Due to the hydraulic system, the lift speed must not
exceed 200fpm (100cm / s).
Hydraulic elevators consume more energy.
Hydraulic lift requires larger motor and more power
to drive the oil pump and lift car.
The energy used is almost twice the energy needed
by the electric lift.

The important factors to

considered in choosing types of
lift system
a) Building functions
The function of the building must be understood
prior to the selection of an appropriate elevator
system can be made. For example elevator used in
hospital practice would not fit in a shopping centre.
b) Use of building
Different users of a building must be identified from
a number of aspects, such as psychology and
sociology users. Sustained level of comfort will be
different between users. The choice of a lift system
must meet at least the minimum requirements of a
class of user.

c)

Building design

Imperfect lift design can affect the service

elevator if the size is not sufficient to determine
the appropriate traffic flow for a building. To
achieve these goals in the design lift, probably
need a car lift is greater than the designed.
d)

Financial

The financial position of the owner of the building

should not be a measure of providing a lift in the
building. The cost of a lift system is very different
and it depends on the quality of the service lift.

e)

Electrical power supply

In making decision to choice a lift is also to know what

electricity energy needed to lift system. Review should be
made to ensure that the existing earned. In this situation,
the mechanical engineer should be in close contact with
the electricity supply authorities.

f) The requirements of the specified authority

The requirements of the relevant authorities must be taken
into account. The requirements of the law are as follows:
i. Uniform Building by Law 1984
ii. Regulations (Electrical and Elevator Products) Plant and
Machinery
iii.Standards requirements in the installation of a lift as
Factory and Machinery Department BS and AS.

g)

Burden elevator contract

The burden of the contract is the maximum load

that can be carried by an elevator in accordance
with the design and construction of the elevator. It
should be adjusted to the things mentioned in the
requirement of the authority.
h)

Speed elevator contract

Speed elevator contract is the rate of speed of a

contract lift moves up or down. Typically a designer
that determines the speed adjusted in accordance
with the contract with the factors mentioned in the
requirement of the authority.

The type and pattern of lift operations

Group of car lift control are as follow:

a. Single car control

b.

Double/two car control

c.

Triple, quadrant or more cars (mostly

for the building that have more zones)

Control arrangements of lifts

a. Operator
b. Automatic/single control
c. Down collective
d. Directional (up and down)
collective
e. Group collective
f. Programmed control

Lift equipment

The factor considered when

planning the location of the
elevators/lifts
When planning the location of elevators, the
following principles shall be observed:
a) The distant do not exceed a maximum of
45 m.
b) The arranging the lift shall be placed in
opposite banks.
c) The lobby width between two banks of
passenger elevators shall not be less than
3600 mm (~12 ft) and the lobby width
between two banks of service elevators
should not be less than 4200 mm (~14).

d) When designing the service core in relation to the

floor plate, the designer must ensure that the
elevator lobby should not be used as a common or
public thoroughfare at ground-floor level.
e) Where elevators are accessed from corridors, they
shall be located on one side of the corridor only and
shall be set back from the line of circulating corridors.
g)Elevator lobbies generate noise and shall be
acoustically isolated from areas sensitive to noise
and vibration. Elevators shall not be placed over
occupied spaces as this shall require counter-weight
safeties and reinforced pits.

h) Stairs shall preferably be located adjacent to elevator

lobbies when possible.
i) Any decentralized banks and/or clustering of elevators
shall be planned to include at least two cars to maintain
an acceptable dispatch interval between cars and to
ensure continuity of service.
j) Elevators shall preferably provide positive separation
between passenger and freight /service traffic flows.
k) In facilities that utilize interstitial floors and
mechanical penthouses, at least one elevator shall stop
on these floors to facilitate equipment maintenance and
removal.