RISK OF CANCER

A disease in which a cell, or a group of

cells display uncontrolled growth through
division beyond the normal limits, invasion
that intrudes upon and destroys adjacent
tissues, and sometimes metastasis, which
spreads the cells to other locations in the
body via lymph or blood.

COMMON RISK FACTORS FOR CANCER

Factors causing cancer5-10% of cases due to genetics.

90-95% of cases due to lifestyle and environmental factors.
Cancers are primarily an environmental disease. Tobacco
(30-35%)
Smoking: Cigarette, Bidi, Cigar, Hukka , etc.
Smokeless: Zarda, Gutka, Khaini, Snuff, etc.
Obesity (15-20%)
Alcohol (15-20%)
Infections (viruses, parasites, bacteria) (15-20%),
Electromagnetic radiation (ionising radiation, ultraviolet
rays, others)
Diet (dietary carcinogens)
Occupational exposure to carcinogens
Pollution (air/water/food)
Reproductive hormones

COMMON SYMPTOMS OF
CANCER

Lump or swelling maybe painless

A sore that doesnt heal
Recent change in a wart/mole
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Changes in bladder or bowel habits
Nagging cough or hoarseness
Difficulty in swallowing or dyspepsia
The signs and symptoms of cancer depend upon the
body part affected by the disease due to the primary
tumour or the spread of tumour to lymph nodes or
distant parts of the body.
The growth rate of cancers is variable with some
cancers growing very rapidly and others growing
slowly. With further growth, cancers, which affect
external or internal body surfaces, can form wounds or
ulcers leading to dirty discharge, bleeding etc.

CANCER INCIDENCE IN INDIA

National average of 90 to 100 persons per lakh
people.
In Punjab, 10 to 40 for every lakh people, have
been found suffering from carcinogenic diseases.
Incidence reported from Amritsar is 10.4 per one
lakh individuals at SGRDIMER, Vallah, Punjab
Number of factors causing cancer are at play in
Punjab -Pesticides, industrial pollution, tobacco
use ,obesity.
Cancers common in Punjab
Gastrointestinal , mainly Esophageal and
Stomach,
Breast , Cervical

IS CANCER CURABLE?

Yes, if detected early.

The results of treatment in stage I
and stage II (early stage Cancer) are
about 80%.
In late stage diseases (Stage III &
Stage IV) the results are very poor.
(Less than 20%).
In India, about 70% patients present
in advanced stage diseases and
hence difficult to treat.

IS CANCER A PREVENTABLE
DISEASE?
In majority of Indian patients, cancer can
definitely be prevented.
About 50% cancer are Tobacco related e.g.
Lung Cancer, Oral Cancer (Cancer of Mouth),
Laryngeal Cancer (Voice box), Oesophageal
Cancer (Food pipe), etc. and they can be
prevented to a large extent by avoiding intake
of Tobacco.
Certain other Cancers like bowel Cancers can
also be prevented by modifying dietary habits.

CAUSES OF CANCER

Exact cause of cancer is not yet

known. However, there are certain
risk factors, which may cause this
disease in individual prone to
develop Cancer. Among the common
factors, chemicals (carcinogens)are
one of the important causes. These
chemicals may be in the form of
Tobacco or chemicals present in food,
air, water, etc.

CAUSES OF CANCER

Chemical carcinogenesis is a multi-stage process

that begins with exposure, usually to complex
mixtures of chemicals that are found in the human
environment.
Once internalized, carcinogens frequently are
subjected to competing metabolic pathways of
activation and detoxication, although some reactive
environmental chemicals can act directly.
Variations among individuals in the metabolism of
carcinogens, together with differences in DNA-repair
capacity and response to tumor promoters, govern
the relative risk of an individual.

CARCINOGENESIS

CHEMICAL
CARCINOGENS

Organ System (specific pathology)

Chemical Carcinogen

Lung

Metals: As, Be, Cd, Cr, Ni ,BCME

( Bis chloromethyl ether)

(Small cell and squamous cell)

Tobacco smoke ,Diesel exhaust

Pleural mesothelium

Asbestos

Oral cavity

Smokeless tobacco

Cocarcinogen

Asbestos

Betel quid

Slaked lime [Ca(OH)2]

Esophagus

Tobacco smoke

Alcohol

Nasal sinuses

Snuff

Powdered glass

Isopropylalcohol
Skin

Cutting oil

Scrotum

Coal soot

Liver

Aflatoxin B1

HBV
( hepatitis B virus )

Angiosarcoma

Vinyl chloride

Alcohol

Bladder

Aromatic amines e.g., 4-ABP ( 4aminobiphenyl )and benzidine

Aromatic amines from tobacco smoke

ALL (acute lymphoblatic

leukemia)

Benzene

CHEMICALS CHECKLIST
Do you read the ingredients on the label of every
item you put in your shopping cart?
Do you read the ingredients in the tiny print OR
just read whats jumps out at you on the package?
Do you know the line between occupational and
environmental contaminants is difficult to
differentiate ?
Do you know that some chemicals indirectly
increase cancer risk by contributing to immune
and endocrine dysfunction that can influence the
effects of carcinogens?

CHEMICALS CHECKLIST
Do you know that numerous agricultural chemicals, some of
which are also used in residential and commercial
landscaping are substances and chemicals that are known or
suspected to have carcinogenic or endocrine-disrupting
properties?
Do you know that many pesticides-herbicides, insecticides
and fungicides approved for use by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) contain nearly 900 active
ingredients, and many of them are toxic?
Do you know that many of the solvents and other chemicals
listed as inert ingredients on pesticide labels are also toxic,
yet surprisingly they are not required by law to be tested to
see their potential in causing chronic diseases such as cancer
?

CHEMICALS CHECKLIST
Do you know that numerous chemicals used in
manufacturing remain in or on the products as residues,
while others are integral components of the products?
Do you know that contaminants and substances banned
more than 30 years ago are still ubiquitous in the
environment due to the fact that they break down very
slowly?
Do you know that many carcinogens earlier identified
through studies on industrial, agricultural and occupational
exposures has since found their way back to the soil, water,
air and other numerous consumer products.
Do you know that all of us carry some percentage of foreign
chemicals in their bodies with women having higher levels
of these toxic and hormone-disrupting substances?

SOURCES OF CARCINOGENS IN
OUR HOUSE ENVIRONMENT
Food - The National Cancer Institute (U.S.A.)
estimates that roughly one-third of all cancer
deaths may be diet related. low levels of chemicals
from the environment or food packaging i.e. flame
retardants, pesticides, artificial fragrances, nonstick chemicals and phthalate chemicals from
plastics can be present in foods(WWF-UK)
Personal care products/toileteries/cosmetics.
Water available for daily use and drinking.
Toys
Air

CHEMICALS IN FOOD

With the use of chemicals, scientists are able to1. To improve shelf life or storage time(preserve foods for longer
and longer periods of time)
2. To make food convenient and easy to prepare.
3. To increase the nutritional value.
4. To improve the flavor of foods (create altered versions of
breads, crackers, fruits, vegetables, meats, dairy products and
many more commonly used foods).
5. To enhance the attractiveness of food products and improve
consumer acceptance ( to mimic natural flavors, color foods to
make them look more "natural" or "fresh).

Some of the "foods" that are made entirely from chemicals or of

artificial ingredients are coffee creamers, sugar substitutes, and
candies. A lot of products, like vegetables and fruits, have special
synthetic preservatives added so that they maintain their color

Food Additives and

Preservatives
Artificial Food Colors , or FD&C colors, are erythrosine

(red), cantaxanthin (orange), amaranth (Azoic red),

tartrazine (Azoic yellow) and annatto bixine (yellow
orange). These are mostly derived from coal tar, which is a
carcinogen and cause allergies, asthma, hyperactivity.
Some of the worst FD&C colors include: Green #3, Blue
#1, Blue #2 and Yellow #6 which cause allergic
reactions and cancer in lab animals.
Red #3 is a carcinogen, which may interfere with nerve
transmission in the brain and causes genetic damage. It is
banned in cosmetics, but allowed in food, and its especially
harmful to children. Red Dye 40 is suspected to cause
certain birth defects and possibly cancer.
Yellow #5 causes allergic reactions in those sensitive to
aspirin. It may be life threatening.
Citrus red #2 is a known carcinogen. Its only allowed use
is to color orange skins.

Food Additives and

Preservatives
Aluminum -Processed foods contain dietary
aluminum. Sodium aluminum phosphate appears in
pickles, cheese and baking soda. Heavy
concentrations may be linked to Alzheimers dementia.
Acrylamide/polyacrylamide Acrylamide is
produced naturally in some foods when cooked at high
temps. Manufactured for use in polyacrylamide gels,
sometimes used as a treatment for drinking water
and/ or wastewater. Acrylamide causes cancer in
animals and in large doses, nerve damage in humans.
Frying, deep frying or extended micro-waving ,smoking
is a major acrylamide producer.

ADDITIVES AND
PRESERVATIVES
Artificial Sweeteners (Aspartame, Acesulfame K and Saccharin)- obesity,
dental cavities, diabetes and hypoglycemia, increased triglycerides (blood
fats) or candida (yeast) behavioral problems, hyperactivity, allergies, and
possibly carcinogenic. Acesulfame-K, also known as Acesulfamepotassium or Sunnette has not been adequately tested for human
consumption. The US FDA approved this additive even though the tests done
to determine its safety did not meet the FDA standards and caused cancer in
lab animals. It is a Sugar substitute found in pudding, chewing gum, non-dairy
creamers, instant coffee mixes, tea mixes and gelatin desserts. Saccharin
causes toxic reactions and allergic response, affecting skin, gastrointestinal
tract and heart. It may also cause tumors and bladder cancer.
MSG (monosodium glutamate) (E621. Trade names Ajinomoto, Vetsin,
Accent and Tasting Powder. - common allergic and behavioral reactions,
including headaches, dizziness, chest pains, depression and mood swings;
also a possible neurotoxin. Found in soya sauce and seasoning used for fast
food and many chinese preparations.

ADDITIVES AND
PRESERVATIVES
BHA, BHT, EDTA, etc. - are widely used as preservatives,
stabilizers and antioxidants in manufactured foods that
contain oil as they retard rancidity. Butylated Hydroxyanisole
or BHA - Development of certain cancers and tumors,
asthmatic related issues, problems with cholesterol
balances, hyperactivity, Allergic reactions. Both BHA and
BHT are toxic to the liver and kidneys. BHT may react with
other ingested substances to cause the formation of
carcinogens.
Food Waxes (protective coating of produce, as in
cucumbers, peppers, and apples)-may trigger allergies, can
contain pesticides, fungicide sprays or animal byproducts.
Plastic packaging

ADDITIVES AND
PRESERVATIVES
Tertiary Butyl Hydroquinone /TBHQ (E319 )-A highly effective antioxidant
used in foods as a preservative for unsaturated vegetable oils and many edible
animal fats.It does not cause discoloration even in the presence of iron, and
does not change flavor or odor of the material to which it is added. It can be
combined with other preservatives such as BHA. It is added to a wide range of
foods, with the highest limit (1000mg/kg) permitted for frozen fish and fish
products. Its primary advantage is enhancing storage life. At higher doses, it
can produce precursors to stomach tumors and damage to DNA.
Propyl gallate is used as an antioxidant in fats, oils, candy and a variety of
processed foods. It is a suspected carcinogen and is known to cause kidney,
liver and gastrointestinal problems. It can cause allergic reactions in those with
asthma and sensitivity to aspirin. It has not been adequately tested.
Olestra (an artificial fat) It has not been shown to cause cancer. However,
it robs the body of carotenoids, which are known to have a protective effect
against cancer. Studies have shown a 40-50% drop in blood carotenoids after
consuming only 3-8 grams of olestra in a day, equivalent to 6-16 chips. It also
may causes severe gastrointestinal cramping and diarrhea, which may last for
extended periods of time.

ADDITIVES AND
PRESERVATIVES
Hydrogenated Fats - cardiovascular disease,
obesity linked to hormone related cancer mainly
breast cancer in females.
Nitrites and Nitrates - are found primarily in
processed meats. They combine with stomach acids
and chemicals in foods to form nitrosamines, which
are powerful carcinogens.
Sulfites (Sodium Bisulfite, Potassium Sulfite,
Sodium Metabisulfite, sulfur dioxide, and others)allergic and asthmatic reactions. Sulphites and
sulphur dioxide are used to fend off browning and
changes in the food's appearance.

ADDITIVES AND
PRESERVATIVES
Potassium bromate is used to treat flour to give bread and baked goods a
sponge-like quality. It is also used in toothpaste, mouth washes and gargles.
It is a carcinogen, mutagen and highly toxic. Bromates destroy the nutrients
in the foods. It can give rise to nausea and diarrhea.
Benzoate of Soda -Benzoates can trigger the allergies such as skin rashes
and asthma as well as believed to be causing brain damage.
Butylates are responsible for high blood cholesterol levels as well as
impaired liver and kidney function. Benzoic Acid - asthmatic issues ,
hyperactivity .It is used in different types of sauce.
Caffeine is a colorant and flavorant that has diuretic, stimulant properties.
It can cause nervousness, heart palpitations and occasionally heart defects.
Mono and di-glycerides can cause birth defects, genetic changes and
cancer.
Caramel is a famous flavoring and coloring agent that can cause vitamin
B6 deficiencies. It can cause certain genetic defects and even cancer.

ADDITIVES AND
PRESERVATIVES
Sodium Nitrite -Makes meat look red rather than gray, and gives meat an overly
long shelf life of months. Clinically proven to cause leukemia, brain tumors and
other forms of cancer.
Soy -Contains several naturally occurring compounds that are toxic to humans and
animals. Soy foods block calcium and can cause vitamin D deficiencies Processing
and all modern soy foods contain MSG, which cause neurological problems. Soy
products inhibit thyroid function, which may lead to fatigue and mental issues.
Infants on soy formula are vulnerable to developing autoimmune thyroid disease
when exposed to high amounts of isoflavones over time. These Isoflavones have
been found to have serious health effects, including infertility, thyroid disease or
liver disease, on a number of mammals. Long term feeding with soy formulas
inhibits thyroid peroxidase to such an extent that long term elevated thyroid
stimulating hormone levels can also raise the risk of thyroid cancer.
It is said that two glasses of soy milk a day over the course of a month contains
enough of the chemical to change the timing of a womans menstrual cycle as 100
grams of soy protein provides the estrogenic equivalent of the pill. Only eat soy if it
has been fermented: such as soy, misu and tamari and if it is labeled as organic.

COSMETICS

COSMETICS
The US FDA defines cosmetics as: Intended to be applied
to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting
attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting
the bodies structure or functions.
The cosmetics industry is very poorly regulated. With the exception
of a handful of extremely toxic chemicals, manufacturers can put
almost anything in their cosmetics without testing to see if the
ingredients are harmful.
"A cosmetic manufacturer may use any ingredient or raw material
and market the final products without government approval." FDA
Most products are labeled to "sell" rather than to provide accurate
information. Words like "natural" and "hypoallergenic" (which give
us a nice warm feeling about the product and persuade us to
believe that a product is safe) do not have official definitions. This
means the manufacturers can use them to mean anything they
want and not get in trouble with the regulatory agencies. This often
leads to misleading information on the labeland more sales.

COSMETICS
Carcinogens and other dangerous chemicals in
Todays cosmetics, toiletries and personal care
products, Makeup, shampoo, hair coloring
products, baby powder, shaving cream,
mouthwash and toothpaste include: sodium lauryl
sulfate (SLS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES),
propylene glycol, diethanolamine (DEA), cocamide
DEA, lauramide DEA, fluoride, alcohol, alpha
hydroxy acid (AHA), aluminum, butane, dioxin,
fluorocarbons, formaldehyde, glycerin, kaolin,
lanolin, mineral oil, petrolatum, propane, talc, and
hundreds more.

COSMETICS

S. Kapoor & S. Saraf : Risk analysis tools for toxicological profile of

cosmetics . The Internet Journal of Toxicology. 2008 Volume 5 Number 2

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

A wide range of personal care products including shampoos, hair

conditioners, cleansers, lotions, and creams, besides household
products such as soaps and cleaning products, contain surfactants
or detergents such as ethoxylated alcohols, polysorbates, and
laureths e.g. Polysorbate 60 or 80, polyoxyethylene, polyethylene,
polyethylene glycol, PEG, anything ending in -eth, such as sodium
laureth sulfate. These ingredients are generally contaminated with
high concentrations of the highly volatile 1,4 dioxane, which is both
readily inhaled and absorbed through the skin and cause nasal
passage cancer and liver cancer.
SLES (Sodium Laureth Sulfate)-Ether mixtures may contain
carcinogenic nitrosamines. May form 1.4 dioxane, a potential
carcinogen, endocrine disruptor and estrogen mimic. Allows other
chemicals to penetrate skin more deeply and enter bloodstream. May
cause hair loss when applied to scalp. Found in shampoo, toothpaste,
bubble bath, body wash, soap.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Fragrances (Synthetic) - Each fragrance can have up to 600

different hazardous ingredients which are not required to be listed
on the label. 95% of chemicals used in fragrances are synthetic
compounds derived from petroleum. They include benzene
derivatives, aldehydes , methylene chloride and many other
known toxics and sensitizers - capable of causing cancer, birth
defects, central nervous system disorders and allergic reactions.
A room containing an air freshener has high levels of pdichlorobenzene (a carcinogen) and ethanol.
Five chemicals -alpha-terpineol, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol,
limonene and linalool used in the fragrance products tend to
have the most adverse reactions.
(Neurotoxins: At Home and the Workplace, Report by the
Committee on Science & Technology, U.S. House of
Representatives, Sept. 16, 1986. (Report 99-827)

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
Preservatives. Many preservatives contain or
release formaldehyde which is a carcinogen,
neurotoxin, irritant and sensitizer. These include
DMDM hydantoin, Imidazolidinyl urea, Diazolidinyl
urea, quaternium 15, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate
and bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol).
Other preservatives that may also cause reactions
include the parabens, methylchloroisothiazolinone
and methylisothiazolinone.
Cancer-causing phthalates have been banned
from use in children's toys, but they are one of the
most common ingredients in many skin products.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
Artificial Colors derived from Coal Tar Dyes (includes D&C Blue 1,
Green 3, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Red 33, etc.) - Severe allergic reactions,
asthma attacks, headaches, nausea, fatigue, lack of concentration,
nervousness, increased risk of Hodgkins disease, non-Hodgkins
lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Found in bubble bath, hair dye,
dandruff shampoo, toothpaste and foods.
Blue 1 and Green 3, are carcinogenic. Impurities found in commercial
batches of other cosmetic colors such as D&C Red 33, FD&C Yellow 5, and
FD&C yellow 6 have been shown to cause cancer not only when ingested,
but also when applied to the skin. Some artificial coal tar colors contain
heavy metal impurities, including arsenic and lead, which are
carcinogenic.
D&C Yellow 11 -Found in: Lip gloss, polish remover, nail polish, bath
oil/salts/soak, body spray, mositurizer, lipstick, styling gel/lotion, bar
soap, after sun products, cologne, nail treatment. Color safe for external
use only, found in ingested products, Color not approved for use around
eyes.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
Hair Dyes -The use of permanent or semi permanent hair color
products, particularly black and dark brown colors, is associated
with increased incidence of human cancer including nonHodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and Hodgkin's disease.
Cosmetic talc is carcinogenic when inhaled, may result in
fallopian tube fibrosis. Found in blush, condoms, baby powder,
feminine powders, foot and body powders .Inhaling talc and
using it in the genital area, where its use is associated with
increased risk of ovarian cancer, are the primary ways this
substance poses a carcinogenic hazard. (talc, including baby
powder, should never be used on babies and children. )
Silica -Some silica used in cosmetics, especially amorphous
hydrated silica, may be contaminated with small amounts of
crystalline quartz. Crystalline silica is carcinogenic.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
DEA: Diethanolamine -A chemical used as
a wetting or thickening agent in shampoos,
soaps, hairsprays and sunscreens, blocks
absorption of the nutrient choline, which is
essential to brain development in a fetus.
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) -A chemical used
to keep nail polish from chipping, has been
connected to cancer in lab animals as well as
long-term fertility issues in newborn boys.
Banned in Europe, but still in use in the U.S.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Propylene glycol and sodium lauryl sulfate. These are common ingredients in
shampoos and theyre both toxic. Propylene glycol is a skin irritant which causes
kidney and liver damage. Sodium laurel sulfate causes genetic damage.
Shampoo can interact with disinfectants chloramine at wastewater treatment
plants to form nitrosamines which can end up in drinking water. Substances called
quaternary amines, which are also ingredients in household cleaning agents, may
play a role in creating nitrosamines. Nitrosamines are found in a wide variety of
sources, including processed meats and tobacco smoke
Diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA). These two ingredients are
found in many cosmetic and personal care products. They dont cause cancer by
themselves but DEA and TEA can react with nitrites to form nitrosamines which can
cause cancer.
Nitrosamines . Nitrosamines are found in a wide variety of sources, including
processed meats and tobacco smoke Shampoo can interact with disinfectants
chloramine,at wastewater treatment plants to form nitrosamines which can end
up in drinking water. Substances called quaternary amines, which are also
ingredients in household cleaning agents, may also play a role in creating
nitrosamines.
Lead is in most lipsticks and mercury in most mascaras.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

ACETONE : cologne, dishwashing liquid and detergent, nail

enamel remover - Acts primarily as a central nervous system
(CNS) depressant. Inhalation can cause dryness of the mouth
and throat; dizziness, nausea, incoordination, slurred speech,
drowsiness, and, in severe exposures, coma.
ACETALDEHYDE -Found in many nail care products. Known
to cause cancers in humans and experimental animals.
ALCOHOL -Implicated in oral cancer. Found in mouthwash,
astringent, toothpaste, cleansers.
ALPHA HYDROXY ACID -Destroys skin cells and leaves skin
more susceptible to damage from the environment and skin
cancer. Actually ends up aging skin. Found in anti-aging facial
creams and lotions.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

ALUMINUM - In many antiperspirants and prevalent in water

supplies. Heavy concentrations may be linked to Alzheimers
dementia
BENZALDEHYDE : perfume, cologne, hairspray, laundry
bleach, deodorants, detergent, vaseline lotion, shaving cream,
shampoo, bar soap, dishwasher detergent - Narcotic. Sensitizer.
Local anesthetic, CNS depressant ,can cause irritation to the
mouth, throat, eyes, skin, lungs and GI tract causing nausea and
abdominal pain. May cause kidney damage.
BENZYL ACETATE : in: perfume, cologne, shampoo, fabric
softener, stickup air freshener, dishwashing liquid and
detergent, soap, hairspray, bleach, after shave, deodorants
Carcinogenic linked to pancreatic cancer, irritating to eyes and
respiratory passages, exciting cough.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Ammonium Glycolate - Found in body

products(lotions,creams). A photosensitizer with potential to
increase risk of sunburn and skin cancer by intensifying UV
exposures in deep skin layers. This sensitizer can instigate
immune system response that includes itching, burning,
scaling, hives, and blistering of skin. It is also a penetration
enhancer which alters the skins structure, allowing other
chemicals to penetrate deeper into the skin, thus increasing
the amounts of other chemicals that reach the bloodstream.
Ammonium Persulfate-Found in hair color and bleaching
kit sensitizer .It can instigate immune system response that
can include itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering of
skin, lung sensitizer (asthma),skin cancer.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Benzalkonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride

and lauryl dimonium hydrolysed collagenFound in hair treatment products. Both are toxic
and allergenic.
Benzoic / Benzyl / Benzene - Found in shower
gels, shampoos, bubble bath. Benzene is used in
detergents, drugs, pesticides and adhesives.
Contains carcinogens, endocrine disruptor, may
cause birth defects.Inhalation of high levels can
cause headaches, rapid heart rate, tremors,
confusion, unconsciousness and death. Hodgkins
disease and Lymphomas result from inhalation.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Benzoic Acid - Used as a food preservative and in

pharmaceuticals and cosmetics .Inhalation affects nervous
system and is moderately toxic by ingestion. Severe eye
and skin irritant.
Benzoyl Peroxide- In acne treatments, bar soap, facial
cleansers and food additives. Highly toxic/ irritant.
Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol) may break
down in products into formaldehyde and also cause the
formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines under certain
conditions. One of the most expensive lines of cosmetics,
Chanel, often uses this chemical. So do many leading
brands of baby products. As does the Body Shop, whose
product sales are built on a reputation of containing natural
ingredients.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

BENZYL ALCOHOL : perfume, cologne, soap,

shampoo, nail enamel remover, air freshener,
laundry bleach and detergent, Vaseline lotion,
deodorants, fabric softener - irritating to the upper
respiratory tract, headache, nausea, vomiting,
dizziness, drop in blood pressure, CNS depression,
and death in severe cases due to respiratory failure.
CAMPHOR : perfume, shaving cream, nail enamel,
fabric softener, dishwasher detergent, nail color,
stickup air freshener - local irritant and CNS
stimulant, readily absorbed through body
tissues,irritation of eyes, nose and throat.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Bronopol -May break down into formaldehyde,

may form carcinogenic nitrosamines. Found in
body products.
Butylparaben -Potential breast cancer risk
and endocrine disruptor raising concern for
impaired fertility or development, increased risk
for certain cancers, itching burning and
blistering of skin. Found in body products.
Carboxymethylcellulose -Causes cancer in
animals. Used in cosmetics, inhalation could
cause chemical pneumonitis.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

DEA (Diethanolamine) , TEA (Triethanolamine) can result in the formation of carcinogens in products
containing nitrite preservatives. Chemical reactions
between nitrites and DEA/ TEA occur during the
manufacturing process and while products are stored in
their containers. This reaction leads to the formation of
nitrosamines which are carcinogenic.
ETHANOL : perfume, hairspray, shampoo, fabric
softener, dishwashing liquid and detergent, laundry
detergent, shaving cream, soap, Vaseline lotion, air
fresheners, nail color and remover, paint and varnish
remover - fatigue; irritating to eyes and upper
respiratory tract even in low concentrations.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
Cocamidopropyl Betaine -May contain
harmful impurities or form toxic breakdown
products, itching, burning and blistering of
skin. Synthesized from coconuts, this
chemical is found in body products and
may be labeled natural or organic.
Coumarin -Formerly the active ingredient
in rat poison. A carcinogenic ingredient
used in the manufacturing of deodorants,
shampoos, skin fresheners and perfumes.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
Dimethicone -A silicone emollient, which coats the
skin not allowing toxins out. May promote tumors
and accumulate in the liver and lymph nodes. Found
in lotions and creams.
Diazolidinyl Urea -Found in facial cleansers,
shampoos and conditioners. Linked to neurotoxicity
and immunotoxicity
DMDM Hydantoin -Contains formaldehyde , an
ingredient linked to cancer, developmental and
reproductive toxicity. Allergenic, can be an irritant to
eyes skin and lungs. Common in manicure/pedicure
products and hair treatment packages.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
ETHYL ACETATE : after shave, cologne, perfume, shampoo, nail
color, nail enamel remover, fabric softener, dishwashing liquid Narcotic. It has defatting effect on skin and may cause drying and
cracking, may cause anemia with leukocytosis and damage to liver
and kidneys.
LIMONENE : perfume, cologne, disinfectant spray, bar soap,
shaving cream, deodorants, nail color and remover, fabric softener,
dishwashing liquid, air fresheners, after shave, bleach, paint and
varnish remover - Carcinogenic.
LINALOOL : perfume, cologne, bar soap, shampoo, hand lotion, nail
enamel remover, hairspray, laundry detergent, dishwashing liquid,
Vaseline lotion, air fresheners, bleach powder, fabric softener,
shaving cream, after shave, solid deodorant Narcotic, respiratory
ataxic gait, reduced spontaneous motor activity and depression,
development of respiratory disturbances leading to death.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
Ethylacrylate -Found in some mascaras's suspected as a cause
of cancer in humans, based on studies of human populations or
laboratory animals.
Fluoride -May contain lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic.
Accumulates in body and contributes to bone disease.
Carcinogenic. Found in toothpastes.
Formaldehyde-Suspected carcinogen and neurotoxin, it may
be fatal if swallowed, absorbed through skin, inhaled or
swallowed. Can cause spasms, edema, chemical pneumonitis
and is extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membrane,
this chemical is found in many nail care products. Known to
cause cancers in humans and experimental animals. Found in
baby shampoo, bubble bath, deodorants, perfume, cologne, hair
dye, mouthwash, toothpaste, hair spray, nail polish.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Hydroquinone -A severely toxic and very powerful

chemical. Banned in the United Kingdom, but still used
in the U.S. Found in skin lightening products and hair
dyes, this chemical alters the skins natural structure
inhibiting the production of Melanin. Without natural
protection, the skin is more susceptible to skin cancer.
Prolonged use of Hydroquinone will thicken collagen
fibers damaging the connective tissues. The result is
rough blotchy skin leaving it with a spotty caviar
appearance.
Isobutylparaben -Potential breast cancer risk. Itching,
burning and blistering of skin. Found in body products.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products

Kajoic Acid -A chemical that inhibits

melanin production. Used in skin
lightening products, it damages the
skin and makes it more susceptible
to cancer.
Lanolin -While lanolin itself is skin
beneficial, it may contain
carcinogenic pesticides such as DDT,
lindane, dieldrin and other
neurotoxins. Can cause rashes.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
MEA: Cocamide DEA, Lauramide DEA, Linoleamide DEA, Oleamide
DEA
NDEA (N-nitrosodiethanolamine) forms when DEA reacts with nitrosating
agents or the actual addition of nitrite as a preservative. As there is no way to
determine if NDEA has been formed, it is imperative to avoid all products
containing DEA as it is a known carcinogen. Often used in cosmetics to adjust
the pH, and used with many fatty acids to convert acid to salt (stearate),
which then becomes the base for a cleanser.
Methylparaben -Potential breast cancer risk and endocrine disruptor raising
concern for impaired fertility or development of fetus, and increased risk for
certain cancers, itching, burning and blistering of skin. A close cousin of
benzoic acid: poisonous and moderately toxic it is found in body products.
Mineral Oil -A derivative of petroleum, this additive clogs pores, locks in
toxins, suffocates and dries skin and inhibits your skins natural oil production
further increasing dehydration. Causes testicular tumors in the fetus, deposits
accumulate in the lymph nodes and prevent absorption of vitamin A from the
intestines. Found in blush, baby oil, lotions, foundation and creams.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
Nitrate Nitrite -nitrate itself is harmless; it is readily
converted to nitrite. When nitrite combines with
compounds called secondary amines, it forms
nitrosamines: extremely powerful cancer-causing
chemicals. The chemical reaction occurs most readily at
the high temperatures of frying. Nitrite can cause
stomach cancer.
Padimate-O (PABA)
Nitrosamines, potent carcinogens, may form in products
that contain Padimate-O. There is no way of knowing if
they have formed. Found in cosmetics and sunscreens.
Paraffin
Possible carcinogen. Found in cosmetics and food.

Ingredients in cosmetics, toiletries

and personal care products
Perchlorate a by- product of rocket fuel, discovered in over 90% of
the U.S. lettuce and milk supply. It interferes with thyroid function can
cause thyroid cancer and or hypothyroidism.
PEG Stearates -Potentially contaminated with or breaking down into
chemicals linked to cancer or other significant health problems. Found
in cosmetics, creams and foods. PEG (Polyethylene, polyethylene
glycol, polyoxyethylene, oxynol: any ethoxylated compound,
including SLES)
May contain -dioxane which is a possible carcinogen, estrogen
mimic and endocrine disruptor. Can only be removed from a product
through vacuum stripping during processing. Avoid all ethyoxylated
products as a precaution. Found in foods and body products.
PEG-12 Distearate
May contain harmful impurities or form toxic breakdown products
linked to cancer or other significant health problems. Found in creams,
lotions, cosmetics and foods.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

PEG-80 Sorbitan Laurate -May contain harmful

impurities or form toxic breakdown products linked
to cancer or other significant health problems,
gastrointestinal or liver toxicity hazards. Found in
cosmetics, creams, lotions and foods.
PEG-14M -May contain harmful impurities or form
toxic breakdown products linked to cancer or other
significant health problems. Found in foods, lotions,
creams and cosmetics.
Petroleum (Petrolatum)
Suffocates skin and traps toxins in body, clogs
pores. Found in lotions, skin creams, and body jelly.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Phthalates- (DEHP, BBP and DBP )Accumulates in the

body; proven damage to liver, lungs, kidneys and
reproductive systems. Appears in vinyl flooring, plastic
wallpaper, perfume, hair spray, deodorant, nail polish,
hair gel, mousse, body and hand lotion.
Polyethylene Glycol /PEG -Moderately toxic, eye
irritant and possible carcinogen. Many glycols produce
severe acidosis, central nervous system damage and
congestion. Can cause convulsions, mutations, and
surface EEG changes. Found in cosmetics, body products,
foods, lotions.
Polypropylene -Possible carcinogen. Found in lipstick,
mascara, baby soap, eye shadow.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Polyquaternium-7 -May contain harmful impurities or form

toxic breakdown products linked to cancer or other significant
health problems. Found in body products.
p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) -Very toxic substance, used in
hair dyeing, shampoos and hair spray. Highly carcinogenic,
developmental and reproductive toxicity, it is allergenic and can
cause skin irritation issues.
Propylene Glycol -Kidney damage, liver abnormalities,
inhibits skin cell growth, damages cell membranes causing
rashes, surface damage and dry skin. Absorbed into blood
stream and travels to all organs. Many glycols produce severe
acidosis, central nervous system damage and congestion. Can
cause convulsions, mutations, and surface EEG changes. It
alters cell membranes and causes cardiac arrest. Found in
shaving gel, lotions, shampoo, conditioners, foods, deodorant.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Propylparaben - A close cousin of benzoic acid: poisonous

and moderately toxic. Found in body products. Potential
breast cancer risk and endocrine disruptor raising concern for
impaired fertility or development, and increased risk for
certain cancers, itching burning and blistering of skin,
gastrointestinal or liver toxicity hazard.
PVC/ polyvinyl chloride -When produced or burned, this
common plastic releases dioxins, may cause cancer, affect
immune and reproductive systems.
Quaternium-7, 15, 31, 60 etc. -Toxic, causes skin rashes
and allergic reactions. Formaldehyde releasers. Substantive
evidence of casual relation to leukemia, multiple myeloma,
non-Hodgkins lymphoma and other cancers. Found in body
products.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS

Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate -Potentially contaminated with or

breaking down into chemicals linked to cancer or other significant health
problems. Found in facial moisturizer, facial cleanser, facial treatments, skin
fading and lightening products, anti-aging products, eye makeup remover,
concealer, makeup remover, around eye cream, acne treatment, shampoo,
conditioner, styling lotion and gel, styling mousse and foam, hair spray, hair
relaxer, tanning oil and sunscreen, after tanning products, body cleanser
and wash, body exfoliants, body firming lotion, baby soap, baby lotion, baby
wipes, baby bubble bath, pain and wound products, hand sanitizer.
SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulphate) -Builds up in heart, lungs, brain and liver
from skin contact and may cause damage to these organs. Corrodes hair
follicles and may cause hair to fall out. Damages immune system. Contain
endocrine disruptors and estrogen mimics. Impairs proper structural
formation of young eyes. May contain carcinogenic nitrosamines. This is a
detergent derived from coconut oil and may be labeled natural or even
organic. Found in toothpaste, soap, shampoo, body wash, bubble bath,
facial cleansers.

INGREDIENTS IN COSMETICS,
TOILETRIES AND PERSONAL
CARE PRODUCTS
METHYLENE CHLORIDE: shampoo, cologne, paint and varnish remover)

Carcinogenic, Absorbed, stored in body fat, it metabolizes to carbon monoxide,

reducing oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
TEA: Tea, Triethanolamine - causes allergic reactions including eye
problems, dryness of hair and skin, and could be toxic if absorbed into the body
over a long period of time. These chemicals are already restricted in Europe
due to known carcinogenic effects (although still in use in the U.S.)
Repeated skin applications of DEA-based detergents resulted in a major
increase in the incidence of liver and kidney cancer. Found in shampoos, skin
cream, bubble bath, shaving gel, conditioner, lotions.
Toluene -Poison to humans. Hallucinations, bone marrow changes, may cause
liver and kidney damage and birth defects, endocrine disruptor and potential
carcinogen linked to brain cancer. Irritates respiratory tract. Found in nail polish
and cleaning products.
Triclosan -Found in a lot of antimicrobial soaps and toothpaste products, it can
react with chlorine in the tap water to create Chloroform, a toxic chemical that
can cause cancer.
Zinc Stearate -Carcinogen. Found in blush and powder foundation

TOYS AND CHILDREN

PRODUCTS

CANCER RISKS FROM PRODUCTS

USED IN TOYS
DEHP ( diethylhexyl phthalate) used in manufacturing plastics to
make them soft and pliable. Many toys, teethers, and other objects
created for young children contained phthalates.
Phthalates are hormone disrupting chemicals that have been linked
to breast cancer , as well as other diseases.
Because young children may be particularly susceptible to the
detrimental effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals, and
especially since infants and toddlers place so many of their toys in
their mouths (warm liquids, including saliva will increase leakage of
the chemicals), it is important to be sure that your young children
have phthalate-free toys, teethers and other products.
Chemical components of toys are never on their labels esp. in India.
Vinyl Intravenous bags used in neo-natal units have also been
shown to leach DEHP.

CANCER RISKS FROM PRODUCTS

USED IN TOYS
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs)
found in baby products, such as
mattress pads, and toys, such as
dolls, swords, action figures and ones
made of foam and rubber. BFRs have
been linked to a number of adverse
health effects, and one family of
BFRs is classified as a possible
human carcinogen by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.

CANCER RISKS FROM

PRODUCTS USED IN TOYS
Vinyl chloride -Used to create PVC (polyvinyl chloride) a
known carcinogen. Often found in toys. Children chewing
on toys can release toxins into their bodies.
Toluene in spray paints and adhesives
Cadmium - Found in kid costume jewellery . While there
is no established fatal dose, as little as 10 mg can
produce symptoms of poisoning. Long-term exposure can
cause cadmium levels to build-up and remain in the body
for years. It accumulates in the bones, liver and kidneys
impeding their function. In some cases, it may interfere
with calcium metabolism affecting the structure and
density of bones. Can cause cancer

CHEMICAL DETERGENTS
Chemical detergents are the secondary products of developing
petrolic wastes. The wash removability of chemical detergents
comes from surface active agent. Surface active agent can
effectively reduce surface tension and make the compositions of
detergent penetrate into gaps of fibers to remove the dirt from the
gaps. However, chemical detergents can be left in these gaps to
enter the human body or stay in the human skin.
One of the main compositions of washing powder, sodium alkyl
benzene sulfonate is a kind of surface active agent. It can
seriously cause cancer by strengthening carcinogenic substances.
Benzene is a kind of fat-soluble substance which can stimulate the
skin and cause pruritus. It can even cause many skin diseases.
Optical bleaching agent contained in washing powder can cause
cancer. It can make the cells inside the human body distorted to
cause dermatitis and pruritus.

CHEMICAL DETERGENTS
Dishwashing detergent- Most of them
contain naphtha, a fuel ingredient that is
also a nervous system depressant similar
to hemlock or Valium.
Dishwashing detergent and other cleaning
agents may also have diethanolsamine (a
liver poison), chlorophenylphenol (a toxic
metabolic stimulant), chlorine, or
carbamazepine (another central nervous
system depressant).

CHEMICAL DETERGENTS
1,2-Dioxane in Surfactants/detergents
A wide range of personal care products including
shampoos, hair conditioners, cleansers, lotions, and
creams, besides household products such as soaps and
cleaning products, contain surfactants or detergents such
as ethoxylated alcohols, polysorbates, and laureths. These
ingredients are generally contaminated with high
concentrations of the highly volatile 1,4 dioxane, which is
both readily inhaled and absorbed through the skin. The
carcinogenicity of dioxane in rodents was first reported in
1965 and subsequently confirmed in other studies
including by the National Cancer Institute in 1978; the
predominant sites of cancer were nasal passages in rats
and liver in mice.

PLASTICS
People are exposed to these chemicals not only during
manufacturing, but also by using plastic packages, because
some chemicals migrate from the plastic packaging to the
foods they contain depending upon the chemical structure
of the migrants and the nature of the packaged food.
Examples of plastics contaminating food have been
reported with most plastic types, including Styrene from
polystyrene, plasticizers from PVC, antioxidants from
polyethylene, and Acetaldehyde from PET.
LDPE, HDPE, and polypropylene bottles released
measurable levels of BHT, Chimassorb 81, Irganox PS 800,
Irganix 1076, and Irganox 1010 into their contents of
vegetable oil and ethanol.

PLASTICS
POLYVINYLCHLORIDE (PVC)- used in construction
because it is cheap, durable, and easy to assemble. It is
used to make flexible hoses and tubing, flooring, to
roofing membranes, and electrical cable insulation.
It can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of
plasticizers, the most widely used being pthalates.
In this form, it is used in clothing, upholstery(leather-like
material ).
PVC fabric has a sheen to it and is waterproof. It is
commonly used in coats, skiing equipment, shoes,
jackets, aprons, bags.
It is also commonly used in figurines and in inflatable
products such as waterbeds, pool toys.

Plastic

Common Uses

Adverse Health Effects

Polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC)

Food packaging, plastic wrap,

containers for toiletries, cosmetics,
crib bumpers, floor tiles, pacifiers,
shower curtains, toys, water pipes,
garden hoses, auto upholstery,
inflatable swimming pools

Can cause cancer, birth defects,

genetic changes, chronic bronchitis,
ulcers, skin diseases, deafness, vision
failure, indigestion, and liver
dysfunction.

Phthalates
(DEHP,
DINP,
and others)

Softened vinyl products manufactured

with phthalates include vinyl clothing,
emulsion paint, footwear, printing inks,
non-mouthing toys and childrens
products, product packaging and food
wrap, vinyl flooring, blood bags and
tubing, IV containers and components,
surgical gloves, breathing tubes,
general purpose labware, inhalation
masks, many other medical devices

Endocrine disruption, linked to asthma,

developmental and reproductive
effects. Medical waste with PVC and
pthalates is regularly incinerated
causing public health effects from the
release of dioxins and mercury,
including cancer, birth defects,
hormonal changes, declining sperm
counts, infertility, endometriosis, and
immune system impairment.

Polycarbon
ate, with
Bisphenol
A

Water bottles

Scientists have linked very low doses

of bisphenol A exposure to cancers,
impaired immune function, early onset
of puberty, obesity, diabetes, and
hyperactivity.

Plastic

Common Uses

Adverse Health Effects

Polystyrene

Many food containers for meats, fish,

cheeses, yogurt, foam and clear clamshell
containers, foam and rigid plates, clear
bakery containers, packaging "peanuts",
foam packaging, audio cassette housings,
CD cases, disposable cutlery, building
insulation, flotation devices, ice buckets,
wall tile, paints, serving trays, throw-away
hot drink cups, toys

Can irritate eyes, nose and throat and can

cause dizziness and unconsciousness.
Migrates into food and stores in body fat.
Elevated rates of lymphatic and
hematopoietic cancers for workers.

Polyethelyne

Water and soda bottles, carpet fiber,

chewing gum, coffee stirrers, drinking
glasses, food containers and wrappers,
heat-sealed plastic packaging, kitchenware,
plastic bags, squeeze bottles, toys

Suspected human carcinogen

Ureaformaldehyde

Particle board, plywood, building insulation,

fabric finishes

Formaldehyde is a suspected carcinogen and

has been shown to cause birth defects and
genetic changes. Inhaling formaldehyde can
cause cough, swelling of the throat, watery
eyes, breathing problems, headaches,
rashes, tiredness

PREVENTION OF CANCER

PRECAUTIONS

Be aware of the chemicals in the products you use.

Avoid use of products with strong fragrances.
Use the cosmetics, daily use products judiciously.
Avoid purchasing vinyl products( PVC) and Styrene
products, when possible. These are several times
more likely to contain hazardous additives
compared with other plastics. Items made with
synthetic leather, such as kids baseball gloves,
certain balls, childrens bracelets and other rubbery
and flexible items often contain vinyl.

PRECAUTIONS
Inspect the plastic labeling and product packaging and
look for the familiar triangular recycling symbol
containing a 3 with a V underneath the symbol. The
labeling is not universal but is used on a significant
number of vinyl products. Flexible, rubbery plastic
products that emit a distinct odor are often good
indicators that the product contains a vinyl plasticizer.
Dont buy brightly colored plastics when purchasing
items that a young child might put in his or her mouth
as these plastics could contain cadmium, lead, or other
toxic pigments or stabilizers.
Avoid buying costume jewelry for children.

PRECAUTIONS
Buy food in glass or metal containers;
avoid polycarbonate drinking bottles with
Bisphenol A
Avoid heating food in plastic containers, or
storing fatty foods in plastic containers or
plastic wrap.
Do not give young children plastic teethers
or toys .
Use natural fiber clothing, bedding and
furniture.

PRECAUTIONS
Choose products that have low or no bromine content.
When buying toys that contain textiles or leather garments,
be conscious of azo dyes, which are widely used in the
textile and leather industries. Azo dyes can form cancercausing compounds when inhaled, absorbed through the
skin or taken up by the gastrointestinal tract. Unfortunately,
since these chemicals are not regulated, the best way to
avoid them is to select toys made of wood and natural
products, or toys that bear eco-labels.
When buying a textile product such as a doll or stuffed
animal, look for a European eco-label such as Oeko-Tex,
which can be found in some specialty toy stores. The
European Union has much stricter regulations on toxic
chemicals than does the U.S.

HEALTHY TIPS
FOR CANCER PREVENTION

The first step is to sharpen your awareness about what

you're currently eating.
Wash all of your fruits and vegetables before consumption.
Buy organic whenever possible - it's more expensive, but
you're worth it!
Fresh foods are always the first and best choice, then frozen,
canned foods as last resort.
If you must buy canned foods, consider the ones with the
lowest sodium content.
Make a conscious decision to either cut down on or cut out
altogether foods with additives that may be hazardous to your
health.
If there are special treats that you just can't imagine living
without, have them only on occasion.
Changing routines for shopping and eating isn't something
you can easily do overnight. Be determined! Make the
changes one step at a time.

HEALTHY TIPS

ALL RED ,GREEN,YELLOW,RED FRUITS

AND VEGETABLES ARE HAVING ANTI
CANCER AGENTS.
Consumption of green and yellow
leafy vegetables has been associated
with lower levels of stomach cancer.
Consumption of fruits and vegetables
has been associated with decreased risk
of cancers of the colon and rectum.

FOODS THAT HEAL

Avocados are rich in glutathione, a powerful antioxidant that attacks free
radicals in the body by blocking intestinal absorption of certain fats.
Good Source of potassium and beta-carotene.
useful in treating viral hepatitis (a cause of liver cancer), as well as other sources
of liver damage.

Broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower have a chemical component called indole3-carbinol that can combat breast cancer by converting a cancer-promoting
estrogen into a more protective variety.
Broccoli, especially sprouts, also have the phytochemical sulforaphane, a
product of glucoraphanin - believed to aid in preventing some types of cancer,
like colon and rectal cancer. Sulforaphane induces the production of certain
enzymes that can deactivate free radicals and carcinogens,inhibit the growth of
tumors in laboratory animals.Cruciferous vegetables - broccoli, cauliflower,
kale, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage contain two antioxidants, lutein and
zeaxanthin that may help decrease prostate and other cancers.

FOODS THAT
HEAL

Carrots contain a lot of beta carotene, which

may help reduce a wide range of cancers
including lung, mouth, throat, stomach,
intestine, bladder, prostate and breast.
A substance called falcarinol that is found in
carrots has been found to reduce the risk of
cancer, according to researchers at Danish
Institute of Agricultural Sciences (DIAS). Isolated
cancer cells grow more slowly when exposed to
falcarinol. This substance is a polyacethylen, so
it is important not to cook the carrots.

FOODS THAT
HEAL

Chili peppers and jalapenos contain a

chemical, capsaicin, which may neutralize
certain cancer-causing substances
(nitrosamines) and may help prevent
cancers such as stomach cancer.
Flax contains lignans, which may have an
antioxidant effect and block or suppress
cancerous changes. Flax is also high in
omega-3 fatty acids, which are thought to
protect against colon cancer and heart
disease.

FOODS THAT HEAL

Figs apparently have a derivative of
benzaldehyde which is highly
effective at shrinking tumors.
Contain vitamins A and C, and
calcium, magnesium and potassium,
may curtail appetite and improve
weight-loss efforts.
Fig juice is also a potent bacteria
killer in test-tube studies.

FOODS THAT HEAL

Garlic has immune-enhancing allium compounds

(dialyl sultides) that appear to increase the activity
of immune cells that fight cancer and indirectly
help break down cancer causing substances.
These substances also help block carcinogens from
entering cells and slow tumor development.
Diallyl sulfide, a component of garlic oil, has also
been shown to render carcinogens in the liver
inactive. Studies have linked garlic, onions, leeks,
and chives to lower risk of stomach and colon
cancer.

FOODS THAT HEAL

Grapefruits, like oranges and other citrus fruits, contain monoterpenes, believed to help
prevent cancer by sweeping carcinogens out of the body. Some studies show that
grapefruit may inhibit the proliferation of breast-cancer cells in vitro. They also contains
vitamin C, beta-carotene, and folic acid.

Grapes, red contain bioflavonoids, powerful antioxidants that work as cancer preventives.
Grapes are also a rich source of resveratrol, which inhibits the enzymes that can stimulate
cancer-cell growth and suppress immune response. They also contain ellagic acid, a
compound that blocks enzymes that are necessary for cancer cells - this appears to help
slow the growth of tumors.
Kale has indoles, nitrogen compounds which may help stop the conversion of certain
lesions to cancerous cells in estrogen-sensitive tissues. In addition, isothiocyanates,
phytochemicals found in kale, are thought to suppress tumor growth and block cancercausing substances from reaching their targets.
Licorice root has a chemical, glycyrrhizin, that blocks a component of testosterone and
therefore may help prevent the growth of prostate cancer. However, excessive amounts
can lead to elevated blood pressure.

FOODS THAT HEAL

Mushrooms - There are a number of mushrooms that appear to
help the body fight cancer and build the immune system Shiitake, maitake, reishi, Agaricus blazei Murill, and Coriolus
Versicolor. These mushrooms contain polysaccharides,
especially Lentinan, powerful compounds that help in building
immunity. They are a source of Beta Glucan. They also have a
protein called lectin, which attacks cancerous cells and prevents
them from multiplying. They also contain Thioproline. These
mushrooms can stimulate the production of interferon in the
body.
Nuts contain the antioxidants quercetin and campferol that may
suppress the growth of cancers.
Oranges and lemons contain Iimonene which stimulates
cancer-killing immune cells (lymphocytes, e.g.) that may also
break down cancer-causing substances.

FOODS THAT HEAL

Papayas have vitamin C that works as an antioxidant and
may also reduce absorption of cancer-causing nitrosamines
from the soil or processed foods. Papaya contains folacin
(also known as folic acid), which has been shown to
minimize cervical dysplasia and certain cancers.
Raspberries contain many vitamins, minerals, plant
compounds and antioxidants known as anthocyanins that
may protect against cancer.
Red wine, even without alcohol, has polyphenols that may
protect against various types of cancer. Polyphenols are
potent antioxidants, compounds that help neutralize
disease-causing free radicals. The compound resveratrol,
which is found in grape skins inhibits cell proliferation and
can help prevent cancer.

FOODS THAT HEAL

Rosemary may help increase the activity of detoxification enzymes. An
extract of rosemary, termed carnosol, has inhibited the development of both
breast and skin tumors in animals. We haven't found any studies done on
humans. Rosemary can be used as a seasoning. It can also be consumed as
a tea: Use 1 tsp. dried leaves per cup of hot water; steep for 15 minutes.
Seaweed and other sea vegetables contain beta-carotene, protein,
vitamin B12, fiber, and chlorophyll, as well as chlorophylones - important
fatty acids that may help in the fight against breast cancer. Many sea
vegetables also have high concentrations of the minerals potassium,
calcium, magnesium, iron, and iodine.
Soy products like tofu contain several types of phytoestrogens weak,
nonsteroidal estrogens that could help prevent both breast and prostate
cancer by blocking and suppressing cancerous changes. There are a number
of isoflavones in soy products, but research has shown that genistein is the
most potent inhibitor of the growth and spread of cancerous cells. It appears
to lower breast-cancer risk by inhibiting the growth of epithelial cells and
new blood vessels that tumors require to flourish.

FOODS THAT HEAL

Sweet potatoes contain many anticancer
properties, including beta-carotene, which may
protect DNA in the cell nucleus from cancer-causing
chemicals outside the nuclear membrane.
Teas: Green Tea and Black tea contain certain
antioxidants known as polyphenols (catechins)
which appear to prevent cancer cells from dividing.
Green tea is best, followed by our more common
black tea .Dry green tea leaves, which are about
40% polyphenols by weight, may also reduce the
risk of cancer of the stomach, lung, colon, rectum,
liver and pancreas.

FOODS THAT HEAL

Tomatoes contain lycopene, an antioxidant that attacks roaming
oxygen molecules, known as free radicals, that are suspected of
triggering cancer. It appears that the hotter the weather, the more
lycopene tomatoes produce. They also have vitamin C, an
antioxidant which can prevent cellular damage that leads to cancer.
Watermelons, carrots, and red peppers also contain these
substances, but in lesser quantities. It is concentrated by cooking
tomatoes.. An increased intake of lycopene has already been linked
to a reduced risk of breast, prostate, pancreas and colorectal
cancer. (for proper absorption, the body also needs some oil along
with lycopene.)
Turmeric (curcuma longa), a member of the ginger family, is
believed to have medicinal properties because it inhibits production
of the inflammation-related enzyme cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2),
levels of which are abnormally high in certain inflammatory
diseases and cancers, especially bowel and colon cancer

 The present regulatory approach of

environmental contaminants is reactionary
rather than precautionary.
Instead of talking prevention we are always
talking about scientific facts that are
peripheral and experimental, that puts the
onus of proof on the patient.
The correct thing is to take preventive
measures when uncertainties exist about
the potential harm a chemical or other
numerous environmental contaminants may
have on the people.

Cancer risk assessment

Genetic counseling is defined by the
National society of genetic
counselors(USA) as the process of helping
people understand and adapt to the
medical, psychological, and familial
implications of genetic contributions to
disease.
Individuals are considered to be
candidates for cancer RISK ASSESSMENT if
they have a personal and/or FAMILY
HISTORY (maternal or paternal lineage)
with features suggestive of hereditary
cancer. These features vary by type of

Features that suggest

hereditary cancer

Unusually early age of cancer onset (e.g., premenopausal breast cancer).

Multiple primary cancers in a single individual (e.g., colorectal and
endometrial cancer).
Bilateral cancer in paired organs or multifocal disease (e.g., bilateral breast
cancer or multifocal renal cancer).
Clustering of the same type of cancer in close relatives (e.g., mother,
daughter, and sisters with breast cancer).
Cancers occurring in multiple generations of a family (i.e., AUTOSOMAL
DOMINANT inheritance).
Occurrence of rare tumors (e.g., retinoblastoma, adrenocortical carcinoma,
granulosa cell tumor of the ovary, ocular melanoma, or duodenal cancer).
Unusual presentation of cancer (e.g., male breast cancer).
Uncommon tumor histology (e.g., medullary thyroid carcinoma).
Rare cancers associated with birth defects (e.g., Wilms tumor and
genitourinary abnormalities).
Geographic or ethnic populations known to be at high risk of hereditary
cancers. Genetic testing candidates may be identified based solely on
ethnicity when a strong FOUNDER EFFECT is present in a given population
(e.g., Ashkenazi heritage and BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations

Risk assessment
The quantitative or qualitative
assessment of an individuals risk of
carrying a certain gene mutation, or
developing a particular disorder, or
of having a child with a certain
disorder; sometimes done by using
mathematical or statistical models
incorporating such factors as
personal health history, family
medical history and ethnic

Genetic testing
Genetic testing may be considered when the
following factors are present:
1.An individual's personal history (including
ethnicity) and/or family history is suspicious for a
GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO CANCER(Increased
likelihood or chance of developing a particular
disease due to the presence of one or more gene
mutations and/or a family history that indicates
an increased risk of the disease. Also called
genetic susceptibility.)
2. The genetic test has sufficient sensitivity and
specificity to be interpreted.
3. The test will impact the individual's diagnosis,
cancer management or cancer risk management,
and/or help clarify risk for family members.

RISK ASSESSMENT
A candidate for genetic testing
receives genetic education and
counseling before testing to facilitate
informed decision making and
adaptation to the risk or condition.
Genetic education and counseling
gives an individual time to consider
the various medical uncertainties,
diagnosis, or medical management
based on varied test results, and the
risks, benefits, and limitations of

Risk assessment tools

Risk Assessment Tools are used to estimate a

person's risk of developing cancer.The tools estimate a
person's risk of developing a particular type of cancer over
a certain period of time, for example the next 5 years.
Doctors call this type of estimate a person's absolute risk.
NCI's(USA) Risk Assessment Tools can help doctors
identify patients at high risk for developing cancer.
Doctors can use a risk assessment tool to identify patients
who may be at higher risk for developing a certain type of
cancer. They may use this information as a basis for:
Discussions with their patients about risk of developing a
cancer and how they could reduce their risk
Developing a risk reduction plan, which may include steps
you could take to help reduce risk; for example quitting
smoking.
Developing a regular screening schedule to find cancer
early if it does develop
Identifying patients who may be eligible to participate in
research studies to help learn more about how to prevent
cancer

Risk assessment tools

Risk Assessment Tools calculate risk based on

factors known to be linked with cancer.
These tools use a person's own risk factors to estimate risk
of developing a certain cancer.
Risk factors are factors that are known to increase a
person's risk of a disease.
Depending on the cancer, the tool asks questions about a
number of personal and medical factors.
For example, History of cancer in the family for breast
cancer risk
History of sunburn for melanoma (skin cancer) risk
The decision about which risk factors to include is based on
information learned in large studies conducted by scientists
at the National Cancer Institute.

limitations to using Risk

Assessment Tools
Many of the limitations are specific to the
type of cancer risk that the tool estimates.
However, there are some general
limitations to consider, no matter the
cancer.
The Tools only consider known risk factors.
The Tools may only be accurate for certain
groups of people, such as certain
racial,ethnic or age groups.
No Tool can tell with 100% certainty that a
person will or will not get cancer.

Risk Assessment Tools

Risk Assessment Tools are a
resource doctors and patients
can use together.
It is important to understand Risk
Assessment Tools as one tool to help
doctors and patients plan for risk
reduction.
The tools were designed specifically
for use by doctors.
The best thing to do is to talk to
your doctor about information

Questions to Ask Your

Doctor
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

I am concerned about my risk for cancer.

Can a risk assessment tool help me to know more?
How should I use my results from the tool?
What if my risk is higher than normal?
What can I do?
What if my risk is low?
Can I stop thinking about my cancer risk?
Based on my risk, am I eligible for any clinical trials that
can help us learn more about cancer?

BREAST CANCER RISK

ASSESSMENT TOOL
1.Does the woman have a medical history of any breast
cancer or of ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS) or lobular
carcinoma in situ(LCIS)?
2.What is the woman's age?
This tool only calculates risk for women 35 years of age or
older.
3.What was the woman's age at the time of her first
menstrual period?
4.What was the woman's age at the time of her first live
birth of a child?
5.How many of the woman's first-degree relatives - mother,
sisters, daughters - have had breast cancer?
6.Has the woman ever had a breast biopsy?
6a.How many breast biopsies (positive or negative) has the
woman had?
6b.Has the woman had at least one breast biopsy with
atypical hyperplasia?
7.What is the woman's race/ethnicity?
7a.What is the sub race/ethnicity?

BREAST CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT TOOL EXAMPLE

Race/Ethnicity:
Asian-American: Other Asian-American 5 Year Risk
This woman (age 45) 0.4%
Average woman (age 45): 0.5%
Explanation
Based on the information provided , the woman's estimated risk for developing invasive breast
cancer over the next 5 years is 0.4% compared to a risk of 0.5% for a woman of the same age and
race/ethnicity from the general U.S. population. This calculation also means that the woman's risk of
NOT getting breast cancer over the next 5 years is 99.6%.
Lifetime Risk
This woman (to age 90): 4.3%
Average woman (to age 90): 4.9%
Explanation
Based on the information provided , the woman's estimated risk for developing invasive breast
cancer over her lifetime (to age 90) is 4.3% compared to a risk of 4.9% for a woman of the same age
and race/ethnicity from the general U.S. population.
These results are based upon the following answers:
Does the woman have a medical history of any breast cancer or of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)?No
What is the woman's age?
45
What was the woman's age at the time of her first menstrual period?> =14
What was the woman's age at the time of her first live birth of a child?25 to 29
How many of the woman's first-degree relatives - mother, sisters, and/or daughters - have had
breast cancer?0
Has the woman ever had a breast biopsy?No
aHow many breast biopsies (positive or negative) has the woman had?n/a
bHas the woman had at least one breast biopsy with atypical
hyperplasia?n/a
What is the woman's race/ethnicity?Asian