GENERATOR

PROTECTION
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Presentation outline
Introduction

Faults and abnormal conditions in Generators

Generator Protection schemes

Conclusion
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GENERATOR PROTECTION:
INTRODUCTION
Core of an electrical power system is generator

PROTECTION EMPLOYED DEPENDS ON

1. Size of unit.

2. The type of connections adopted

GENERATOR PROTECTION COMPRISES

1. Generator proper & its excitation system
2. Generator transformer
3. Unit transformer
4. Auxillaries and their changeover to service
transformer supply.
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FAULTS INVOLVING GENERATOR CAN BE

CLASSIFIED AS

1. FAULTS IN GENERATOR:
Faults involving more than one phase
Inter turn fault
Phase Earth Fault
Over load
Negative phase sequence
Rotor Faults

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FAULTS INVOLVING GENERATOR CAN BE

CLASSIFIED AS

2. Faults involving Generator but affecting the

network.
Loss of excitation
Under excitation
Pole slipping
Motoring
Over Voltage
Under frequency
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FAULTS INVOLVING GENERATOR CAN BE

CLASSIFIED AS

3. Mechanical faults :
Bearing
Shaft stress,
Vibration, Rotor Distortion
Faults in the turbine
Faults in Boiler

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TYPICAL PROTECTIONS PROVIDED IN

TURBO GENERATORS
Differential protection
Gen Earth fault , GT HV Earth fault
Overload , Over voltage
Negative Sequence
Inter Turn Fault
Loss of excitation
Rotor Earth fault
Pole Slipping
Reverse power / low forward power
Back up impedance
Bus bar protection interlock

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GENERATOR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

GEN WDG
I1

I2

87

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GT OVERALL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIION

50Z

Igt

Iuat1

GT

Ig

Iuat2

GENERATOR
87 GT

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EARTH FAULT PROTECTION

Three ways of providing E/F protection:
Voltage relay connected across grounding resistor
A current relay connected to CT provided in
grounding transformer
Voltage relay connected to open delta in generator
VT

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STATOR INTER-TURN FAULT PROTECTION

S1

S2

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NEGATIVE PHASE SEQUENCE PROTECTION

Principle of Negative sequence current protection:

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FIELD FAILURE PROTECTION

Generator runs as induction generator
heavy reactive loading of stator
slip freq induced currents in rotor

Methods of detecting Field failure :

Under current relay in field circuit
Reactive power monitoring
Impedance relay

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FIELD FAILURE PROTECTION

X

-R

-X

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POLE SLIPPING PROTECTION

X
B2

B1

-R

-X

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OVERLOAD PROTECTION
O / c relay
Over heating detection by RTDs
OVER VOLTAGE
o/v relay 115 %

ROTOR OVER HEATING

Indirect measurement V / I
Rotor E/F monitoring
REVERSE POWER / LOW FORWARD POWER
BACK UP IMPEDANCE

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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN

GENERATOR PROTECTION OPERATES

Circuit breaker opening to isolate the fault

Trip command to turbine and boiler

De excitation

Supply changeover : unit to station supply

Initiation of alarm, SOE

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CONCLUSION
Protection Engineers Role
Examining and validating the schemes,
proper maint., spares, testing as per plan
modification in system parameters, if needed
Protection documentation and trending

handle work pressure with cool mind

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THANK YOU

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