Collection Of Data

Group 5

Lacsina, Jose Mari Arby

Linga, Rhenz
Cueto, Edessa Maria
Andulan, Jay-R
Olviz, Cris Jairuz

Data

are collection of
numbers, quantities,
facts or records used for
drawing conclusions or
making inferences

Classification of Data according to source.

1. Primary Data

-Individual

persons

-Organizations
-Established

practices

-Documents
-Living

Organism

-Man-made
-Natural

materials

objects

2. Secondary Data
-Books
-Articles
-Unpublished

theses and

dissertations
-monograph, manuscript

Advantages of Primary
Data
Over
Secondary
Data

1. Primary
Data gives
Detailed Definition of Terms
and Statistical Units used in
the Survey.
While

Secondary Data have

little to no explanatory
notes and may contain
Clerical and Typographical
mistakes.

Advantages of Primary
Data
Over
Secondary
Data

2. Primary
Data usually
includes a copy of the
Schedule and a Description
of the Procedure used in the
selection of the type of Data
and collecting it.
Gives

an Idea of Accuracy,
Applicability, and Limitation
of Survey Results.

Advantages of Primary
Data

Over
Secondary
Data
3. Primary
Data are
usually
Broken down into Finer
classifications
Secondary

data often omit

part of combining
Categories

E.G.

barrios instead of sitios,

municipalities instead of
barrios.

Advantages of
Secondary Data
1.

They are more

Convenient to use because
they are already condensed
and organized.

2.

Analysis and
interpretation are done
more easily.

3.

Libraries make secondary

data more easily accessible.

Categories of Data
gathered from
Respondents

Respondents
are

those individuals who

are asked or request by a
researcher to supply data or
information about his
research problem.

Facts
These

are recollections,
observations, and perceptions
of respondents about
themselves and of other
people.

Attitudes and
Feelings
These

are the respondents

idea and thoughts about the
research topic, and his
personal feelings about the
worth of the item being
investigated.

Judgements
These

data include the

respondents ideas or
opinion about, or his actual
behavior, in a given
situation.

Psychomotor Skills
These

data refer to the

manipulative skills of the
individual and his activities
that involve his five senses:
Sight
Hearing
Taste
Smell
Touch

Results of tests &

Experiments
The

result of tests and

experiments are very important
data specially in psychology
and in the physical, chemical,
and biological sciences.

Selecting the
Method of
Collecting Data

The Research Instruments

or tools
1.

Clerical Tools

.are

used when the researcher

studies people and gathers
data on the feelings, emotions,
attitudes and judgments of the
subjects.

Clerical Tools
1. The

questionnaire method.

2. The

interview method

3. The

empirical observation
method

4.

The registration method

5.

The testing method

6. The

experimental method

7. The

library method

1. The Questionnaire
Method

Aquestionnaireis a research
instrument consisting of a
series of questions and other
prompts for the purpose of
gathering information from
respondents.

2. The Interview Method

is

a conversation with a purpose and

is non-experimental in design. The
interviewer in one-to-one
conversation collects detailed
personal information from
individuals using oral questions.

3. The Empirical
Observation Method
The

central themeis that all

evidence must beempiricalwhich
means it is based on evidence.

"empirical"

refers to the use of

working hypothesis that can be
tested usingobservationand
experiment.

Empiricaldata

is produced by
experiment andobservation.

4. The Testing Method

is amethodfor a test inscienceor

engineering. a definitive procedure
that produces a test result.

can be considered a technical

operation or procedure that consists of
determination of one or more
characteristics of a given product,
process or service according to a
specified procedure.

5. The Experimental
Method
It

is a collection of research designs

which use manipulation and
controlled testing to understand
causal processes. Generally, one or
more variables are manipulated to
determine their effect on a
dependent variable.

The Research Instruments

or tools

2. Mechanical Devices
includes

almost all tools used in the

physical sciences.

1. microscopes
2. thermometers
3. cameras

Characteristics of a
good Research

1. The instrument must be valid and

Instrument
reliable,

2.

It must be based upon the

conceptual framework or what the
researcher wants to find out.

3.

It must gather data suitable for

and relevant to the research topic.

4.

It must gather data that would

test the hypotheses or answer the
questions under the investigation.

Characteristics of a
good Research

Instrument
5. It should be free from all kinds of
bias.
6.

It must contain only questions or

items that are unequivocal.

7.

It must contain clear and definite

directions to accomplish it.

8.

If the instrument is mechanical

device, it must be the best or latest
model.

Characteristics of a
good Research
Instrument
9.

It must be accompanied by a
good cover letter.

10.

It must be accompanied, if
possible, by a letter of
recommendation from the sponsor.