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ELECTRIC MOTOR
An electric motor is an electromechanical device
that converts electrical energy to mechanical
energy.
The mechanical energy can be used to perform
work such as rotating a pump impeller, fan,
blower, driving a compressor, lifting materials
etc.
Construction
Three-phase induction motor consists of a
stator and a rotor, and there is no electrical
connection between these two.
These stator and rotors are made up of highmagnetic core materials with less hysteresis
and eddy current losses.
Stator
It is the stationary part of the machine and is buildup of
sheet steel laminations to minimize the eddy current losses.
They are provided with slots on its inner periphery.
A three phase winding is placed in these slots and it may be
connected in either star or delta connection.
The winding are placed in the stator slots are 1200 electrical
degree displacement.
SLOTS
CORE
WINDINGS
Rotor
The rotor of an induction machine is different
from other types of machine (DC machines).
There is no requirement for a power source on
the rotor.
The rotor of an induction machine can be one of
two types
i) Wound Rotor ii) Cage Rotor
Contd..
Rotor slots are slightly skewed to achieve
following advantages 1. It reduces locking tendency of the rotor, i.e. the
tendency of rotor teeth to remain under stator teeth
due to magnetic attraction.
2. Increases the effective transformation ratio
between stator and rotor
3. Increases rotor resistance due to increased length
of the rotor conductor
Contd..
The rotor bars are electrically welded to short
circuiting end rings at both ends.
Thus this rotor construction looks like a
squirrel cage and hence we call it.
The rotor bars are permanently short circuited,
hence it is not possible to add any external
resistance to armature circuit.
Working Principle
When the primary winding or the stator is connected to a 3 phase
AC source, it establishes a rotating magnetic field (RMF) which
rotates at the synchronous speed either in clockwise or
anticlockwise direction depending on the phase sequence.
This RMF cuts the rotor conductors and emf is induced in the
rotor winding.
Since it is short circuited, a heavy rotor current flows in the
winding.
This rotor current creates another magnetic field and it is
interacting with the stator RMF.
Hence a mechanical force or torque is produced and rotor rotates in
the direction of RMF.
The rotor rotates always less than the speed of RMF.
Slip ring induction motor are used Squirrel cage induction motor is used in
where high starting torque is
lathes, drilling machine, fan, blower
required i.e in hoists, cranes,
printing machines etc
elevator etc