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Hawthorne experiments.
The human relationists, proposed the following points as a result
of Hawthorne experiments.
Social system:
The organization in general is a social system composed of
numerous interacting parts.
The social system defines individual roles and establishes norms
that may differ from those of formal organization.
Social environment:
The social environment of the job affects the workers and is also
affected.
Informal organization:
The informal organization does also exist within
the frame work of formal organization
it affects and is affected by the formal organization.
Group dynamics:
At the workplace, the workers often do not act or
react as individuals but as members of group.
Informal leader:
There is an emergence of informal leadership as
against formal leadership and the informal leader
sets and enforces group norms.
Non-economic reward:
Money is only one of the motivators, but not the
sole motivator of human behaviour.
Man is diversely
motivated
and sociopsychological factors act as important motivators.
version of human
the
as a
4. In view of behavioural scientists the democraticparticipative styles of leadership are desirable, the
autocratic,
task oriented
styles may also be
appropriate in certain situation.
5. They suggest that different people react differently
to the same situation.
Approach
Quantitative
approach (also known
as management
approach) started during Second World War.
The interdisciplinary
teams who were engaged for
purpose were known as operation research teams.
this
disciplined thinking
Systems Approach
Contingency Approach
QUESTIONS
Define management. Explain the functions to be performed by
managers to attain the set goals.
Write a note on characteristics of management.
Discuss the functional areas of management.